C++ provides a limited number of statements. Most of these affect the flow of control within a program:
• while
, for
, and do while
statements, which provide iterative execution.
• if
and switch
, which provide conditional execution.
• continue
, which stops the current iteration of a loop.
• break
, which exits a loop or switch
statement.
• goto
, which transfers control to a labeled statement.
• try
and catch
, which define a try
block enclosing a sequence of statements that might throw an exception. The catch
clause(s) are intended to handle the exception(s) that the enclosed code might throw.
• throw
expression statements, which exit a block of code, transferring control to an associated catch
clause.
• return
, which stops execution of a function. (We’ll cover return
statements in Chapter 6.)
In addition, there are expression statements and declaration statements. An expression statement causes the subject expression to be evaluated. Declarations and definitions of variables were described in Chapter 2.