label in a switch 184

Lady Ada Lovelace 13

lambda 708, 710

• capture variables 711, 712

• generic 711

• infer a parameter’s type 711

• introducer 711

• store in a variable 729

LAMP 36

large object 245

last-in, first-out (LIFO) 237

• data structure 658, 691, 814

• order 785, 790

leading 0 597

leading 0x and leading 0X 593, 597

leaf node 823

left brace ({) 47, 50

left child 823

left justification 169, 595

left justified 111

left node 829

left-shift assignment operator (<<=) 913

left-shift operator (<<) 448, 905, 911, 912, 949

left side of an assignment 193, 285, 409, 472

left stream manipulator 169, 592, 594

left subtree 823, 826, 829, 830

left-to-right pass of an expression 835

left-to-right associativity 139

left-to-right associativity 63

left-to-right evaluation 56, 58

left value 193

legacy C code 983

legacy code 988

length member function of class string 871

length of a string 366

length of a substring 485

length_error exception 674, 776, 877

less function object 745

less_equal function object 745

less< double > 686

less< int > 682, 687

less-than operator 59, 661

less-than-or-equal-to operator 59

letter 8

Letter Pyramid 897

level of indentation 111

level-order traversal of a binary tree 831, 838

Level-Order Binary Tree Traversal 838

lexicographical 875

lexicographical_compare algorithm 715, 718, 748

LIFO (last-in, first-out) 237, 658, 691

• order 785, 790, 814

limerick 952

<limits> header 222

line number 988

line of communication with a file 618, 621

line of text 585

__LINE__ predefined symbolic constant 988

linear data structure 800, 823

linear runtime 845

linear search 842, 843, 846, 850, 861

• of an array 843

link 17, 799, 823

linked list 657, 798, 800, 801, 802, 805, 813

linked list class template 839

linked list Implementation 802

linker 18

Linux 32

• shell prompt 20

Linux operating system 33

<list> header 221

list 800

List and Queues without Tail Pointers exercise 839

list class 667, 675

List class template 806, 815, 818, 820

List class-template definition 806

list functions

• assign 679

• merge 679

• pop_back 679

• pop_front 679

• push_front 678

• remove 680

• sort 679

• splice 679

• swap 679

• unique 679

<list> header 675

list initialization 51

list initializer 135, 323

• narrowing conversion 219

• vector 705

list searching performance 839

List< STACKTYPE > 818

ListNode class-template definition 805

literal

• binary 914

• floating point 170

live-code approach xxxi

load 17

loader 18

local automatic object 409

local variable 81, 121, 235, 423

• destructors 782

• static 234

<locale> header 222

location in memory 54

log function 215

log10 function 215

${\log }_{2}n$ levels in a binary search tree with n elements 830

logarithm 215

logarithmic runtime 850

logic error 17, 59, 114, 162

logic_error exception 776

logical AND, && 188, 190

• truth table 189

logical complement operator, ! 190

logical decision 5

logical negation, ! 190

• truth table 191

logical operators 188, 190

logical OR (||) 910

logical OR, || 188, 189

• truth table 190

logical unit 6

logical_and function object 745

logical_not function object 745

logical_or function object 745

long double data type 126, 220

long int 256

long int data type 220

long long data type 220

long long int data type 220

long long type 176

loop 119, 121

• body 179

• continuation condition 108

• counter 160

• infinite 118, 129

• nested within a loop 132

• statement 108

loop-continuation condition 160, 161, 162, 164, 166, 179, 180, 187

loop-continuation condition fails 260

looping 121

Lord Byron 13

loss of data 603

Lovelace, Ada 13

lower_bound

• algorithm 741, 748

• function of associative container 685

lowercase letter 8, 52, 70, 221, 918, 920

“lowest type” 220

low-level I/O capabilities 579

lvalue ("left value") 193, 244, 285, 343, 372, 409, 472, 479, 681

lvalues as rvalues 193