radians 214

radius of a circle 155

RAII (resource allocation is initialization) 769

raise to a power 203, 215

RAM (Random Access Memory) 7

rand function 222, 223

RAND_MAX symbolic constant 223

random-access file 616, 628, 629, 630, 635, 636, 637

random-access iterator 664, 680, 682, 709, 718, 725, 730

• operations 666

random integers in range 1 to 6 223

random intervals 837

random number 225

random_device random-number source 725

random_shuffle algorithm 748

randomizing 226

• die-rolling program 226

Randomly Creating Sentences exercise 952

range 662, 726

range checking 123, 469, 873

range variable 299, 310

range-based for 873, 887

range-based for statement 298

Rational Class exercise 441

RationalNumber class 495

raw data 628

raw data processing 616

rbegin library function 671

rbegin member function

• of class string 887

• of containers 660

• of vector 672

rdstate function of ios_base 603

read 629, 635

read a line of text 77

read characters with getline 77

read data sequentially from a file 621

read member function of istream 586, 629, 642

read-only variable 289

readability 133

Reading a random-access file sequentially 636

Reading and printing a sequential file 621

real number 126

“receiving” section of the computer 6

record 9, 617, 637, 650

record format 630

record key 650

recover from errors 603

Rectangle Class exercise 442

recursion 254, 260, 262, 277

• determine whether a string is a palindrome exercise 335

• Eight Queens exercise 336

• find the minimum value in an array exercise 336

• print a string backward exercise 336

• print an array exercise 336

recursion examples and exercises 262

recursion exercises

• binary search 866

• linear search 866

recursion step 254, 259, 866

recursive binary search 263, 862, 866

recursive binary tree insert 263

recursive binary tree printing 263

recursive binary tree search 263

recursive call 254, 259

Recursive Eight Queens exercise 263

Recursive Exponentiation exercise 277

recursive factorial function 262

recursive Fibonacci function 262

recursive function 254, 802

recursive function call 815

recursive function factorial 256

recursive greatest common divisor 263, 278

recursive implementation of merge sort 856

recursive inorder traversal of a binary tree 263

recursive linear search 263, 843, 862, 866

recursive maze traversal 263

recursive mergesort 263

recursive postorder traversal of a binary tree 263

recursive preorder traversal of a binary tree 263

recursive quicksort 263

recursive solution 262

recursive Towers of Hanoi 263

recursive utility function 827

recursively calculate minimum value in an array 263

recursively check if a string is a palindrome 263

recursively determine whether a string is a palindrome exercise 755

recursively print a linked list backward 263

recursively print a list backwards 838

recursively print a string backward 263

recursively print an array 263

recursively raising an integer to an integer power 263

recursively search a linked list 263

recursively search a list 838

redundant parentheses 59

refactoring 36

reference 340, 661

• argument 345

• const parameter 245

• parameter 242, 243, 243

• to a constant 244

• to a local variable 245

• to a private data member 409

• to an int 243

referencing array elements 363

• with the array name and with pointers 363

refinement process 124

regular expression 39, 887

reinterpret_cast operator 342, 361, 629, 633, 636

reinventing the wheel 12

relational operator 59, 60

release candidate 38

release dynamically allocated memory 477

remainder after integer division 56

remainder compound assignment operator, %= 137

remainder operator (%) 56, 70, 71

remainder operator, % 55, 56, 155, 223, 227, 274, 278, 382, 836, 837, 962

remove algorithm 720, 748

remove member function of list 680

remove_copy algorithm 718, 720, 748

remove_copy_if algorithm 718, 720, 735, 748

remove_if algorithm 718, 720, 748

rend library function 671

rend member function of class string 887

rend member function of containers 660

rend member function of vector 672

repetition

• counter controlled 119, 128, 131, 132

• definite 119

• sentinel controlled 123, 125, 127, 128

repetition statement 108, 125

• do...while 108

• for 108

• while 108, 118, 121, 122, 128

replace == operator with = 192

replace algorithm 721, 722, 748

replace member function of class string 882, 883

replace_copy algorithm 721, 722, 748

replace_copy_if algorithm 721, 723, 748

replace_if algorithm 721, 723, 748

replacement text 984, 987

• for a macro or symbolic constant 984, 985

representational error in floating point 170

requirements 16

reserved word 108

• false 110

• true 110

reset 695

resize member function of class string 879

resource allocation is initialization (RAII) 769

resource leak 769

restore a stream’s state to “good” 603

resumption model of exception handling 763

rethrow an exception 764

Rethrowing Exceptions exercise 782

return a value 47

Return key 53

return keyword 82, 214

return statement 48, 214, 218, 254

return type

• of a function 80

returning a reference from a function 245

returning a reference to a private data member 409

Returning Error Indicators from Class Time’s set Functions exercise 442

reusability 785

reusable software components 14

reuse 15, 76

reverse algorithm 732, 735, 748

Reverse Digits exercise 276

reverse order of bits in unsigned integer 949

reverse_copy algorithm 735, 736, 748

reverse_iterator 660, 661, 665, 672, 887

Reversing a string with Iterators exercise 897

• using Recursion 897

Reversing Bits 949

rfind member function of class string 881

Richer Shape Hierarchy 529

right brace (}) 47, 49, 121, 128

right child 823

right justification 169, 592, 594

right operand 48

right shift (>>) 448, 905

right shift with sign extension assignment operator (>>=) 913

right stream manipulator 169, 592, 594

right subtree 823, 826, 829, 830

right-to-left associativity 139

right triangle 156

right value 193

rightmost (trailing) arguments 247

right-shift operator (>>) 905, 906, 912, 949

right-shifting a signed value is machine dependent 913

right-to-left associativity 63

rise-and-shine algorithm 105

Ritchie, Dennis 11

robot 4

robust application 758, 763

Roku (Internet TV) 4

rolling dice 224, 228

rolling two dice 330

root node 823, 829

root node of the left subtree 823

root node of the right subtree 823

rotate algorithm 748

rotate_copy algorithm 748

round a floating-point number for display purposes 130

rounding a number 170

rounding numbers 122, 130, 215, 612

Rounding Numbers exercise 273

row subscript 308

rows 307

RTTI (runtime type information) 567, 571

Ruby on Rails 14

Ruby programming language 14

rule of thumb (heuristic) 188

rules for forming structured programs 194

rules of operator precedence 56

running total 124

runtime error 20

runtime type information (RTTI) 567, 571

runtime_error class 759, 767, 776

• what function 764

rvalue ("right value") 193, 244, 472