Glossary

Activity

A time-consuming job or task that is a key subpart of the total project.

Activity-on-Arc (AOA)

A network in which the activities are represented by arcs.

Activity-on-Node (AON)

A network in which the activities are represented by nodes. This is the model illustrated in our book.

Activity Time Estimates

Three time estimates that are used in determining the expected completion time and variance for an activity in a PERT network.

Backward Pass

A procedure that moves from the end of the network to the beginning of the network. It is used in determining the latest finish and latest start times.

Beta Probability Distribution

A probability distribution that is often used in computing the expected activity completion times and variances in networks.

CPM

Critical path method. A deterministic network technique that is similar to PERT but allows for project crashing.

Crashing

The process of reducing the total time that it takes to complete a project by expending additional funds.

Critical Path

The series of activities that have zero slack. It is the longest time path through the network. A delay for any activity that is on the critical path will delay the completion of the entire project.

Critical Path Analysis

An analysis that determines the total project completion time, critical path for the project, slack time, ES, EF, LS, and LF for every activity.

Earliest Finish Time (EF)

The earliest time that an activity can be finished without violation of precedence requirements.

Earliest Start Time (ES)

The earliest time that an activity can start without violation of precedence requirements.

Event

A point in time that marks the beginning or ending of an activity.

Expected Activity Time

The average time that it should take to complete an activity. t=(a+4m+b)/6.

Forward Pass

A procedure that moves from the beginning of a network to the end of the network. It is used in determining the earliest activity start times and earliest finish times.

Gantt Chart

A bar chart indicating when the activities (represented by bars) in a project will be performed.

Immediate Predecessor

An activity that must be completed before another activity can be started.

Latest Finish Time (LF)

The latest time that an activity can be finished without delaying the entire project.

Latest Start Time (LS)

The latest time that an activity can be started without delaying the entire project.

Milestone

A major event in a project.

Most Likely Time (m)

The amount of time that you would expect it would take to complete the activity.

Network

A graphical display of a project that contains both activities and events.

Optimistic Time (a)

The shortest amount of time that could be required to complete the activity.

PERT

Program evaluation and review technique. A network technique that allows three time estimates for each activity in a project.

PERT/Cost

A technique that allows a decision maker to plan, schedule, monitor, and control project cost, as well as project time.

Pessimistic Time (b)

The greatest amount of time that could be required to complete the activity.

Resource Leveling

The process of smoothing out the utilization of resources in a project.

Slack Time

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project. Slack is equal to either the latest start time minus the earliest start time or the latest finish time minus the earliest finish time.

Variance of Activity Completion Time

A measure of dispersion of the activity completion time. Variance =[(ba)/6]2.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A list of the activities that must be performed in a project.

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