Index
0 deg. refl. option, BRDF rollout, 340
2D images, using in 3D scenes, 394–396
2D sites, 179–207
importing linework, 183–184
Metro Professional Complex, 180–182
mulch, 203–205
overview, 179–180
parking stops, 206–207
pavers and paver bandings, 198–202
road lines, 202–203
roads, 193–196
sidewalks, 197–198
2D vegetation, 251–270
artificial shadows for, 457
creating, 254–270
overview, 254
shadows for trees, 262–269
shrubs and flowers, 259–262
Mesh and Poly based, 252–253
overview, 251
plug-in based, 254
versus 3D vegetation, 250
2-Sided option, 256
3D CAD for Architectural Visualization course, 3DAS, 496
3D community, activity in, 458–459
3D Connexion, 462
3D motion controllers, 453
3D presentations, 497–498
3D printers, 463
3D resources, free, 465–467
3D sites, 209–230
bumpiness in site elements, controlling, 229–230
creation methods, 210–228
displacement, 211–215
overview, 210–211
topographical lines, 215–228
elevation data, 209–210
overview, 209
site elements, adding, 228–229
2D vegetation in, 253
3D vegetation artificial shadows for, 457
overview, 250–251
Scatter feature, 456
third party vegetation solutions, 456
trees, 270–272
level of detail, 271
mental ray Proxy, 271–272
overview, 270
parametric versus editable objects, 270–271
3D vendors, 461–463
3D visors, 462
3D work
See also 3D sites; 3D vegetation
AutoCAD linework, preparing for importation, 12–13
in Construction Administration phase, 10–11
in Design Development phase, 8–9
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 104–113
paver bandings, 199–201
reflecting amount of detail seen in elevations, 16–18
roof plans, 27
roof tiles, 132–136
in Schematic Design phase, 5–6
shadows for 2D trees, 266–268
3ds Max forum, 459 3DSOUT feature, AutoCAD, 202–203
3rd-party software
applying backgrounds with, 245–246
image editing and video compositing software, 245
overview, 245
plug-ins, 245–246
plug-ins, 455, 461–463. See also V-Ray
for 3D vegetation creation, 250–251
4:12 slope, in roof plans, 28
4AM option, 315
4-sided polygons, in small 3D terrain, 219–223
32-bit operating systems, 436–437
32-bit option, Photoshop, 399
64-bit operating systems, 436–437
80% Uniform Scale option, 164
90 deg. refl. option, BRDF rollout, 340
A
About Us link, website navigation menu, 477
acad.pgp file, 38
accuracy, in 3D, 19
Action drop-down menu, Photoshop, 390
Action Script feature, Photoshop, 389–391
Actions palette, Photoshop, 390
activity in 3D community, 458–459
Adaptive amount setting, V-Ray DMC Sampler rollout, 509
adaptive DMC sampler, V-Ray, 501
Adaptive option, Interpolation rollout, 192
adaptive sampling, mental ray, 278, 280
adaptive subdivision sampler, V-Ray, 501–502
Add Loader command, Fusion, 375
addendums, to construction drawings, 9
Adjust Edge section, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Adobe Photoshop, 387–406
Action Script feature, 389–391
applying backgrounds with, 245
cloning, 391–394
Clone Stamp tool, 391–392
Content Aware tool, 393–394
overview, 391
Patch Tool, 392–393
Spot Healing Brush tool, 392
converting for printing purposes, 396–398
CMYK versus RGB, 396–397
overview, 396
printing resolution, 398
creating custom textures in, 364–365
depth of field, 401–402
effects, adding, 402–405
grayscale images for displacement, 211
mask for use in, creating, 447
masking, 399–400
overview, 387–388
Paste Into command, 388–389
2D images, using in 3D scenes, 394–396
Advanced Effects rollout, 268
Advanced Options rollout, 205, 338
Advanced Parameters rollout, iray, 349
advanced ray-traced shadows, 253
Advanced Rendering Options rollout, 330
Advanced section, Final Gather rollout, 301
advertisements in phone books, 478.
See also marketing
Aerial Perspective feature, 316
Affect Background option, V-Ray color mapping, 511
Affect Pivot Only command, 66, 91–92, 155, 188
aliasing, 458
Align Selection dialog box, 66
All Face Centers option, Scatter command, 257–258
Alpha 1 option, Photoshop, 389
alpha channels
removing before printing, 398
for specular highlights, 383–384
Ambient Color channel, 256
Ambient Occlusion (AO)
in compositing process, 374–377
detailed shadows, 306
overview, 320–321
in rendering process, 370–372
Ambient Occlusion option, Special Effects rollout, 320
Amount field
Displacement channel, 213
Relax Tool dialog box, 173, 174
angular background objects, 242–243
angular environment objects, 241
animation, 409–424
animation paths, creating, 420–421
antialiasing in, 458
assembly linework flow, creating, 417
background rig, merging, 418
backgrounds, 236
breaking up project, 416
building elements, modeling, 416–417
cleaning and preparing linework, 416
clients, talking/meeting with, 410–411
compositing, 372–385
determining what will be seen, 414
DVDs, 478–479
end product, determining, 412
final gather maps, 304–305
global illumination in, 457
importing linework, 416
iray renderer, 349
latest drawings, asking for, 415
learning about project, 412
level of detail, determining, 414
lighting presets, loading, 419–420
making contact with other companies, 413
maps in project folder, creating copy of, 421
marketing services, 410
material libraries, 419
Photoshop action scripts, 391
poor designs, questioning, 413–414
post production, 423–424
pricing, 411–412
production render, creating, 423
production timeline, creating, 414
project folders, creating, 415
proposal/PSA, writing, 414
receiving and inspecting drawings, 413
render-farm services, 463
rendering process, 368–372
requesting drawings, 412
revising, 423
saving final gather map for, 303–305
saving incrementally and often, 417–418
scene elements, merging, 419
scripts, writing early in process, 447–448
signed contract and deposit, receiving, 414–415
site elements, modeling, 417
test renders, creating, 421–422
2D vegetation in, 252–253
V-Ray light cache, 505–507
animation paths, 420–421
Animation Synchronization section, Viewport Background dialog box, 235
Animoto Productions, 465
annotations, in landscape plans, 26
antialiasing, 390, 394–396, 458, 500
antialiasing filters, V-Ray, 502
AO. See Ambient Occlusion
Apply and Continue button, Extrude Polygons caddy, 71
Apply Mapping option, Surface Parameters rollout, 201
Apply Mode drop-down list, Fusion, 376
Apply to Entire Object option, UVW XForm modifier, 173
Arch & Design material, 327–349
bump maps and normal maps, 342–343
displacement, 344–345
exposure control, 345–346
glossy reflections, 340–341
glossy refraction, 333–337
material libraries, 346–347
as override material, 318
overview, 327–328
self illumination, 324, 337–338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
Arch & Design Templates, 347
arched windows, 82–84
architects
annotations by, 14
in Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
in Construction Administration phase, 11
continuing education, 495–496
in Design Development phase, 6–8
landscape, 25–26
as potential clients, 474–475
site plans, 23–24
architectural design process, 4–11
Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
Construction Administration phase, 10–11
Construction Drawings phase, 9
Design Development phase, 6–9
overview, 4–5
Schematic Design phase, 5–6
Architectural Desktop 2005, 60–61
architectural drawings, 3–31
anatomy of elevations, 14–18
floor plans, 18–20
landscape plans, 25–27
overview, 11–13
reflected ceiling plans, 29–31
roof plans, 27–29
sections, 20–22
sheet layout, 13–14
site plans, 22–25
for animation projects
asking for latest, 415
inspecting, 412
receiving, 412
requesting, 412
architectural design process, 4–11
Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
Construction Administration phase, 10–11
Construction Drawings phase, 9
Design Development phase, 6–9
overview, 4–5
Schematic Design phase, 5–6
BIM software, 60
inspecting, 444
overview, 3–4
architectural glazing
glossy refraction, 333–337
overview, 327–328
sub surface scattering, 338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
Architectural Glazing material, 328
“Architectural Illustrators” category, in phone books, 478
Archvision, 462
Area option, Scatter command, 255–256, 261
armrests, sofa, 149–151, 171–172
Array option, Tools menu, 139
Artbeats, 462
artifact-free animations, 458
artificial shadows, 457
artist mistakes
fundamental concepts, ignoring, 471
lack of variety in work, 471
learning new techniques, not devoting time to, 471
online support, not taking advantage of, 471
useful resources, ignoring, 471
Aspect Ratio section, Viewport Background dialog box, 235
assembly linework flow
for animation projects, 417
for doors and windows, 452–453
Assign Renderer rollout, Render Setup dialog box, 348
atmospheric environments, Vue xStream, 245–246
attaching objects, 436
Authorization to Proceed section, PSA, 490
Auto Levels command, Photoshop, 390
Auto Smooth option, Smooth modifier, 159, 191, 193, 227
AutoCAD DWG file type, 55, 65, 89, 104–105
AutoCAD linework, 33–55
additional notes, 52–55
for animation projects, 416
AutoCAD setup, 34–39
Command Alias Editor, 38–39
customization, 35–37
overview, 34–35
units, 37–38
broken lines, 44
consolidating drawings, 42
creating new linework as necessary, 48–51
different layers, 44–45
exploring and examining, 39–41
generic roof structure, creating, 119–121, 124
as guide for modeling, 63–65
importing for animation projects, 416
inspecting, 444
landscape drawings, creating 2D vegetation from, 257–258
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 88–89, 98–104
mulch, 203–204
orienting, 46–48
overlapping lines, 43–44
parking stops, 206
preparing, for animation projects, 416
reverse engineering roof plans, 130–131
road lines, 202–203
site plans, 181–182
2D vegetation, creating, 257–258
varying elevations, 45
AutoCAD version 2004, 35
Autodesk
material libraries, 327, 346–347
3ds Max forum, 459
web site, 465
Autodesk Generic material, 347
Autodesk: Mirror material, 311
Average GI Photons per Light field,
Light Properties, 287, 288–289, 291, 293
average leaf size, mental ray Message Window, 282
axyz-design.com web site, 462
B
back, sofa, 152–156
back pillows, sofa, 159–163, 172–173
Back Surface Scatter color, 338
Backface Cull option, Display panel, 166
Background layer, Photoshop, 392
background rig
merging, 418
standard, using, 454
backgrounds, 231–247
antialiasing, 394–396
applying with 3rd party software, 245–246
image editing and video compositing software, 245
overview, 245
plug-ins, 245–246
changing color of, 196
Environment Map channel, 233–238
Cylindrical Environment option, 237
overview, 233–235
Screen option, 235–236
Shrink-Wrap Environment option, 237
Spherical Environment option, 236–237
summary of environment maps, 238
geometry based, 238–241
angular environment objects, 241
cylindrical environment objects, 239–240
hemispherical environment objects, 240–241
overview, 238–239
illuminating, 242
image types, 231–233
merging, in animation projects, 418
for modeling, using AutoCAD linework as, 64
multiple background objects, 242
other considerations, 246–247
overview, 231
in reflection, 242–244
standard rig, using, 454
bandings, paver, 198–202
overview, 198–199
textured, 201–202
3D, 199–201
Banking option, Sweep Parameters rollout, 193
Basic section, Final Gather rollout, 302
Batch dialog box, Photoshop, 390
Batch option, Photoshop, 390
Bend modifier, 239
Bidding and Contract Negotiation (BID) phase, 10
billboards, resolution for, 398
BIM (Building Information Modeling) software, 60–61, 117
Binary Space Partitioning (BSP), mental ray, 281–282
Bionatics plugin, 456
Bitmap option, Environment and Effects dialog box, 309
Bitmapl icon, Fusion, 379, 380
BitmapMask Mask tool, Fusion, 379, 383
bitmaps
Environment Map channel backgrounds, 233–238
geometry based backgrounds, 238–239, 240–241
Black Point value, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
Blending Options option, Photoshop, 400
blue arrow, Fusion, 384
Blue component, Night Color swatch, 315
Blue Flavor, 484
bluevertigo.com.ar web site, 465
Blur option, Photoshop, 390
Blur setting, Coordinates rollout, 264
blu-ray.com web site, 466
blurring, in Photoshop, 401–402
blurry effects, 333–337, 340–341, 509–510
Bmp icon, Fusion, 379
bodies of water, adding to 3D terrain, 229
Boolean > Cut > Split feature mulch, 204
overview, 445–446
site elements, adding to 3D terrain, 228–229
standing seam roofs, 139–140
Boolean feature, 87–88
Boolean object, Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 102, 106, 109, 113
Boolean>Subtract feature, 135
Border sub-object mode, 165, 219, 226, 227
bottom, sofa, 152–156
Boujou software, 2d3, 461
box mapping, 170–172
box modeling method
generic roof structure, creating, 125
grass, 185
importing linework, 48
modeling sofa
armrests, 149–151
back pillows, 160–163
bottom and back of, 152–156
decorative trim piping, 165–168
seat cushions, 156–159
texturing, 171–175
throw pillows, 163–165
wooden feet, 169
mulch, 204
overview, 51
road lines, 203
shrubs and flowers, creating, 261
site elements, adding to 3D terrain, 228
standing seam roofs, 140
3D site elements, controlling bumpiness in, 229
topographical lines, 218, 225, 227
trimming roof tile with, 136
2D vegetation, creating, 252–253, 255, 258
walls, creating with, 63–86
double banding feature, 73–76
extruding line to height of wall, 68–69
new linework, creating, 67–68
overview, 63–64
setting up, 64–67
trim feature, 69–73
window frames, 84–86
windows, 77–84
Box option, Sampling Quality rollout, 281
BRDF rollout, 339
breaking up projects, 416, 449–450
breaks, in topographical lines, 215
Bridge button, Edit Polygons rollout, 80, 152
Bright multiplier, V-Ray color mapping, 511
brochures, as marketing tool, 477
broken lines, in linework, 44
brush tool, Photoshop, 403–405
Brute Force engine, V-Ray, 508–509
BSP (Binary Space Partitioning), mental ray, 281–282
BSP2 method, 282
buckets, mental ray, 276
budgets, 484
building elements, modeling for animation projects, 416–417. See also doors; roofs; walls; windows
Building Information Modeling (BIM) software, 60–61, 117
Bump channel, 114–115
bump maps, 342–343
bumpiness in 3D site elements, controlling, 229–230
Burn value, V-Ray Reinhard color mapping, 511
business mistakes, 469–471
allowing clients to pressure for price, 470
failing to educate clients about 3D process, 470
making unreasonable concessions for clients, 470–471
not spending money on useful resources, 469
not using contract for projects, 470
starting work without deposit, 470
business plan, 485–487
additional suggestions, 487
market analysis and pricing, 486
marketing plan, 486–487
operational plan, 486
overview, 485–486
products and services, 486
supporting materials, 486
buying
model and material libraries, 452
tools to assist work, 469
By Polygon option, Extrude Polygon
C
CA (Construction Administration) phase, 10–11
CAD linework. See AutoCAD linework calls, from potential clients, 476–477
Camera Effects rollout, 316
camera paths, for animations, 420–421, 457
Camera Shaders section, Camera Effects rollout, 316
cars
Sugar3D, 463
cartoon set of drawings, 6–7
Cast Shadows option, 258, 264, 266, 268
Catmull Rom antialiasing filter, V-Ray, 502
Caustics and Global Illumination (GI)
Caustics and Global Illumination Photon Map section, Reuse FG and GI Caching rollout, 292
CD (Construction Drawings) phase, 9
CDs. See architectural drawings; construction drawings ceiling height, in reflected ceiling plans, 30
Center to Object button, 155
Certificate of Substantial Completion, 11
certified approval, in Design Develop ment phase, 7–8
certified architectural continuing education providers, 475, 495–496
ceruleanstudios.com web site, 466
cgtextures.com web site, 466
Chamfer Amount field, Chamfer Edges dialog box, 72
Chamfer Edges dialog box, 72, 151
ChamferBox object, 169
Channel drop-down list
Fusion, 380
Photoshop, 389
Channel setting, Fusion, 383
Channels palette, Photoshop, 398, 399
chat client, Trillian, 466
chat rooms, 459
Cinematic Artificial Intelligence technology, Animoto, 465
Clamp output option, V-Ray Color mapping rollout, 511
classes, 3ds Max, 459
clean linework, 43, 119, 181–182
clean site plans, 22–23, 53–54
Clear All button, Grid and Snap Set tings dialog box, 67
Client Reviews and Changes section, PSA, 493
clients, 473–476
allowing to pressure for price, 470
animation, talking/meeting with, 410–411
architects as, 474–475
in business plans, 486
contractors as, 475
contracts, importance of, 446
developers as, 473–474
failing to educate about 3D process, 470
individuals as, 475
making contact with other companies, 413
making unreasonable concessions for, 470–471
overview, 473
pricing, 411
real estate agents as, 476
Clone Stamp tool, Photoshop, 391–392
cloning, in Photoshop, 391–394
Clone Stamp tool, 391–392
Content Aware tool, 393–394
overview, 391
Patch Tool, 392–393
Spot Healing Brush tool, 392
clouds, 314–315
CMU (concrete masonry unit), 114–115
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black), 396–397
CMYK Color option, Photoshop, 397
collapsing objects, 435–436
Color at Max Distance swatch, 330
color bleeding, 286
Color by Object option, 347
Color channel, 371
color correction, Fusion, 378–381, 384
Color Gamma option, Fusion, 374
color mapping, V-Ray, 510–512
Color Overlay option, Photoshop, 400
Color Picker dialog box, Photoshop, 397, 400
Color Range dialog box, Photoshop, 395
color space, 396–397
Color tab, Fusion, 381
Color thresh value, V-Ray, 501
ColorCorrector1 icon, Fusion, 378
colors in Construction Administration phase, 10–11
diffuse, and transparency, 328, 329
exposure control, 345–346
in LDR versus HDR images, 307–308
Night Color, 315
Photoshop masking, 399–400
refractive, and transparency, 328–329
render coloration, 317
resource for choosing, 467
in specular highlights, 384 3D shadows, 267
of transparent mediums, 330–332
wall, 114
Colors and Materials section, PSA, 493
Colors button, Fusion, 379
Command Alias Editor, AutoCAD, 38–39
Command panel, 148
commands, AutoCAD, 38–39
community, online 3D, 458–459, 467, 471
complex geometry, mapping, 362–365
compositing, 367–385
with Fusion, 372–385
overview, 367–368
rendering phase, 368–372
compositions, Fusion, 373
compression, JPEG, 398
computers. See system resource management
concessions for clients, unreasonable, 470–471
concrete masonry unit (CMU), 114–115
Configure Driver dialog box, 247
conflicting architectural drawings, 448–449
Connect button
Edit Edges rollout, 153
Edit Vertices rollout, 225
Connect Edges dialog box, 74, 82, 150–151
Connect feature, 153, 155, 157, 161
consolidating drawings, in AutoCAD, 42
Constrain Proportions option, Photoshop, 390
Construction Administration (CA) phase, 10–11
construction companies, as potential clients, 475
Construction Drawings (CD) phase, 9
construction drawings (CDs)
See also architectural drawings
in architectural design process, 4
in Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
in Construction Administration phase, 10–11
defined, 3
requisites for, 9
Contact Us link, website navigation menu, 477
Content Aware tool, Photoshop, 391, 393–394
continuing education for architects, 474–475, 495–496
contour lines. See topographical lines
contractors
in Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
as clients, 475
contracts
See also Professional Services Agreement
client say in animation paths, 420
greatest quality of, 485–486, 489
importance of, 412
not using, as common mistake, 470
signed, for animation projects, 414–415
wording regarding changes to animations, 423
contradictory information, in linework, 413–414, 448–449
contrast, 390
Contrast option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
control points, 83
Control Points category, FFD modifier, 159
Controls Area, Fusion, 372, 374, 376, 378–384
Convert to Shape feature, 228
Convert to single objects option, 217
converting down, 458
converting for printing purposes, 396–398
CMYK versus RGB, 396–397
overview, 396
printing resolution, 398
Coordinates rollout, 148, 264, 314
coplanar polygons, in shingle roofs, 142–143
Copy option, 151, 164, 193, 224
Copy to Generic feature, 347
Copy with Base Point option, AutoCAD, 89
copying maps in animation project folder, 421
costs, overhead, 482
Cozimo, 466
Crazy Bump software, 343
Create Clipping Mask option, Photoshop, 399
Create new action icon, Photoshop, 390
Create panel, 312
Create Shape feature, 166
creativity, 471
crickets, in roof plans, 29
criss-cross vegetation type, 252–253. See also 2D vegetation
crosshairs, AutoCAD, 35
Crossing tool, 223
curbs
adding to 3D terrain, 228
in 2D sites, 185–193
curved surfaces, mapping with Unwrap UVW modifier, 362–365
customization, AutoCAD, 35–37
custom-made brushes, Photoshop, 403–405
cut plane, in reflected ceiling plans, 30
Cut>Split option, Boolean feature. See Boolean > Cut > Split feature
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (CMYK), 396–397
cylindrical background objects, 242–244
cylindrical environment objects, 239–240
Cylindrical Environment option, Mapping drop-down list, 237
cylindrical images, 231–232, 236
D
daily rates
overhead costs, 482
overview, 481–482
production days, 483
profit margin, 483
dark multiplier, V-Ray color mapping, 511
dashed lines
in roof plans, 29
in site plans, 54
Daylight Assembly head, 313
Daylight System, mental ray
exteriors, 312–313
interiors, 317–321
mr Physical Sky map, 238
parameters, 313–317
reflections, special application of, 342
DD (Design Development) phase, 6–9, 18
Decay field, Caustics and Global Illumination (GI) rollout, 293
decorative trim piping, sofa, 165–168, 172
deductive reasoning, solving problems with, 449
Default Format drop-down list, Fusion, 374
default layout, AutoCAD version 2004, 35
Define Brush Preset option, Photoshop, 403
Delete button, Reuse FG and GI Caching rollout, 293
delivery date, examining AutoCAD drawings to calculate, 41
deposits
receiving, for animation projects, 414–415
starting work without as common mistake, 470
depth
BSP settings, 282
in orthographic images, 15–16
depth of field, in Photoshop, 401–402
Depth setting, Rendering Algorithms rollout, 282
Description of Services section, PSA, 491–492
design changes, in Construction Drawings phase, 9
Design Development (DD) phase, 6–9, 18
Design Modeling and Visualization Conference, VisMaster, 459
design process, architectural, 4–11
Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
Construction Administration phase, 10–11
Construction Drawings phase, 9
Design Development phase, 6–9
overview, 4–5
Schematic Design phase, 5–6
Destination option, Photoshop, 393
Detach Edge Verts option, Edit UVW dialog box, 361
detail
for animation projects, 414
in elevations, reflecting in 3D work, 16–18
in 3D trees, 271
in windows, 98
developers, as potential clients, 473–474
Diagnostics rollout, 296
die, texturing, 353–355, 356–357
Diffuse Bounces setting, 302, 325
Diffuse Color channel
custom furniture, texturing, 169
shrubs and flowers, creating, 262
3D sites, creating with displacement, 215
transparency, 329
2D trees, creating, 256
diffuse coloration, and transparency, 328, 329
Diffuse Level option, 329
dimensions, in floor plans, 20
Direct Target lights, 258
dirty architectural drawings, 42–43
Displace Mesh Binding (WSM) modifier, 213
Displace Mesh (WSM) modifier, 212
displacement
mental ray materials, 344–345
3D sites, creating with, 211–215
displacement mapping, 212–213
Displacement modifier, 213–215
Displacement channel
Arch & Design material, 344
using maps in, 212–213
wall materials, 115–116
displacement mapping, 212–213
Displacement modifier, 213–215
Displacement section, Render Setup dialog box, 344
Display Area, Fusion, 379, 382, 383
Display Background option, Viewport Background dialog box, 235
Display rollout, 166, 255, 261
Display tab, AutoCAD Options dialog box, 35
Display View, Fusion, 372, 374, 376–379, 382, 383
DIST command, AutoCAD, 68
Distribute Using section, 256, 261
Distributed Bucket Rendering rollout, 282–283
distributive rendering, mental ray, 282–283
Divide button, Geometry rollout, 93–94, 189–190
DMC Sampler, V-Ray, 509–510
Do not apply bumps to the diffuse shading option, 343
documentation
in Construction Drawings phase, 9
in Design Development phase, 8
in Schematic Design phase, 6
dome lights, 369
Don’t Flatten option, Photoshop, 397
doors
assembly line for, creating, 452–453
creating new linework for in AutoCAD, 49–51
Edit Poly modifier, creating with, 77, 86
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 98–99
overview, 87–88
Doors feature, 452
double banding feature, 73–76
Download.com web site, 466
draftsmen, in Design Development phase, 6
Drawing Units dialog box, AutoCAD, 37–38
drawings, construction
See also architectural drawings
in architectural design process, 4
in Bidding and Contract Negotiation phase, 10
in Construction Administration phase, 10–11
defined, 3
requisites for, 9
Duplicates value, Scatter Objects rollout, 261
duplicating objects, in Photoshop, 391–393
DWG file type, 55, 65, 89, 104–105
dynamic geometry, 271
dynamicdrive.com web site, 466
E
earth.google.com web site, 466
Edge Detection section, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Edge Length option, Render Setup dialog box, 345
edge pixels, 458
Edge sub-object mode
armrests, modeling, 150
back pillows, modeling, 161
bottom and back of sofa, modeling, 152, 153, 154
seat cushions, modeling, 157
topographical lines, 225
welding UVW mappings together, 365
windows, 83
Edged Faces mode
curbs, 188
roads, 194
seat cushions, modeling, 156, 159
3ds Max environment for furniture creation, 148
edges
See also Edge sub-object mode
aligning in small 3D terrain, 223–226
creating, 74
for windows, 77–81
Edit Borders rollout, 165, 219, 227
Edit button, Parameters rollout, 358
Edit Edges rollout
Chamfer Edges caddy, 72
Connect Edges caddy, 74, 82, 150
Edit Geometry rollout, 70, 194, 195, 226, 227
Edit in Quick Mask Mode icon, Photoshop, 401
Edit menu
Edit Mesh modifier
generic roof structure, creating, 125
overhang roof creation, 128
shrubs and flowers, creating, 261
site elements, adding to 3D terrain, 228
trimming roof tile with, 136
2D vegetation, creating, 252–253, 254–255, 258
Edit Poly modifier
generic roof structure, creating, 125
grass, 185
importing linework, 48
modeling sofa
armrests, 149–151
back pillows, 160–163
bottom and back of, 152–156
decorative trim piping, 165–168
seat cushions, 156–159
texturing, 171–175
throw pillows, 163–165
wooden feet, 169
mulch, 204
overview, 51
road lines, 203
shrubs and flowers, creating, 261
site elements, adding to 3D terrain, 228
standing seam roofs, 140
3D site elements, controlling bumpiness in, 229
topographical lines, 218, 225, 227
trimming roof tile with, 136
2D vegetation, creating, 252–253, 255, 258
walls, creating with, 63–86
double banding feature, 73–76
extruding line to height of wall, 68–69
new linework, creating, 67–68
overview, 63–64
setting up, 64–67
trim feature, 69–73
window frames, creating, 84–86
windows, creating, 77–84
Edit Poly Paint Deformation modifier, 227–228
Edit Poly Soft Selection modifier, 227–228
Edit Polygons rollout, 71, 75, 80, 152, 226
Edit Spline modifier
grass, 185
parking stops, 206
walls, 62
Edit UVWs dialog box
navigating, 355–357
sofa pillows, 173
texturing die, 354
tileable textures, 358–365
Edit Vertices rollout, 225
editable meshes
file size, 426–430
mental ray, 275
editable objects, 270–271
editable poly objects, 426–430
educating clients about 3D process, 470
education, continuing, for architects, 474–475, 495–496
effects, adding in Photoshop, 402–405
efficiency. See system resource management
80% Uniform Scale option, 164
Element sub-object mode, 172, 174, 200
Elements Active option, 369
elevation data, for 3D sites, 209–210
elevations (drawings)
aligning to floor plans, 18–20
as guide for modeling, 34
in oriented AutoCAD drawings, 46–47
overview, 14–18
section drawings showing details missing in, 20–22
elevations, varying, in AutoCAD linework, 45
Elliptical Marquee Tool, Photoshop, 401
eMagin, 462
e-mails, as marketing tool, 479
Enable in Renderer option, Rendering rollout, 166
Enable in Viewport option, Rendering rollout, 166, 167
Enable option, Diagnostics rollout, 296
end product, determining for animation projects, 412
endpoint snaps
back pillows, modeling, 162
generic 3D roof structure, 120, 122–125
grass, 184
throw pillows, modeling, 163
energy-conserving nature, Arch &
Design material, 328
engadgethd.com web site, 466
engineers, in Design Development phase, 7–8
Environment and Effects dialog box, 233, 308–309, 312, 314–315, 372
Environment channel, 342
environment lighting, V-Ray, 512
Environment Map channel, 233–238
Cylindrical Environment option, 237
HDR images, 309
overview, 233–235
Screen option, 235–236
Shrink-Wrap Environment option, 237
Spherical Environment option, 236–237
summary of environment maps, 238
e-on software Vue xStream suite, 245–246
Eraser Tool, Photoshop, 404
events, 3ds Max community, 459
examining AutoCAD linework, 39–41
Exclude/Include dialog box, 258
excluding objects from GI, 455–456
explaining work to clients, 470
exploring AutoCAD linework, 39–41
Exponential option, V-Ray color mapping, 511
exposure control
color mapping, 510
final gather, 297
in HDRI, 311
mental ray materials, 345–346
photon maps, 289–290
Exposure Value (EV) option, mr Photographic Exposure Control group, 289–290
Exposure Value field, mr Daylight System, 312, 313
exteriors mr Daylight System, 312–313
visualizations of, 19
of walls, in floor plans, 18–19
Extremely High option, Final Gather rollout, 302
Extrude modifier
extruding line to height of wall, 69
roads, 194
walls, creating with, 62
Extrude Polygons caddy, 71, 75–76, 85
extruding
in box modeling method, 73
line to height of wall, 68–69
paver bandings, 199
window parts, 105–106
Extrusion Height field, Extrude Polygons caddy, 71, 75–76, 85
Extrusion Type option, Extrude Polygons caddy, 71
eyeon Software Fusion program, 367–385
compositing phase, 372–385
interface, 372
rendering phase, 368–372
eyeonline.com web site, 462
F
Face Angle Threshold option, Flatten Mapping dialog box, 354
face count
backgrounds, 247
in shrubs and flowers, 259–260
terrain, 214–215
3D shadows, 266–267
Face Sub-object Mode option, Edit UVWs dialog box, 354, 358, 362
Fast Glossy Interpolation rollout, 335, 341
Fast Interpolation feature, 334–335, 340–341
Fast Rasterizer sampling method, 276
Feather command, Photoshop, 395, 401, 402
fees. See pricing
feet, sofa, 169
Fence Selection Region, 223
Fetch feature, 195, 216, 218, 219
FFD modifiers, 83, 159, 162, 164, 227–228
FG Point Interpolation section, 301
field-of-views (FOVs), 232
file linking, 55
File menu
Fusion, 374
Photoshop, 390
file size
collapsing objects, 435
system resources, managing, 426–430
and 3D vegetation, 271
Fill command, Photoshop, 396
Fillet button, 192
Filter command, AutoCAD, 43
Filter menu, Photoshop, 390, 401
Filter setting, Sampling Quality rollout, 280–281
filters
Photoshop, 403
V-Ray antialiasing, 502
Filters menu, Photoshop, 405
final gather
interior lighting, 317–321
Noise Filtering, 301–302
and photon mapping, 305–306
process overview, 294–301
saving map for animations, 303–305
self-illuminated materials, 324– 325
Final Gather group, Reuse (FG and GI Disk Caching) rollout, 303
Final Gather rollout, 295, 301–302, 319
Final Gather setting, Render Setup dialog, 312
Final Product section, PSA, 492
fixed rate sampler, V-Ray, 500
Flatten Image option, Photoshop, 398
Flatten Mapping tool, 354, 356, 358
Flatten option, Photoshop, 397
flickering, 458
Fling, Brian, 484
floor plans
linework, creating new on top of, 67
in oriented AutoCAD drawings, 46–47
overview, 18–20
flowers, 2D, 259–262
Fly-through mode, V-Ray, 505–506
Folder option, Photoshop, 390
folders, animation project
copy of maps, creating in, 421
creating, 415
Force Source Tile Pictures option, Fusion, 377, 378
Foreground color, Photoshop, 404
forums, online, 459
foundation plans, 18
4:12 slope, in roof plans, 28
4AM option, 315
4-sided polygons, in small 3D terrain, 219–223
FOVs (field-of-views), 232
fragment pixels, 458
Frame buffer rollout, 369, 372
Frame Format option, Fusion, 374
frames, window
Edit Poly modifier, creating with, 84–86
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 99–101, 106, 107, 109, 111–113
free 3D resources, 465–467
Freeform transform mode, 356
freelancers, 443, 474. See also business plan; marketing; pricing
Fresnel reflections, 339
Front Surface Scatter color, 338
furniture, 145–176
armrests, modeling, 149–151
back pillows, modeling, 159–163
bottom and back, modeling, 152–156
custom, 450
decorative trim piping, modeling, 165–168
materials, applying, 175–176
overview, 145–148
preparing work environment, 148–149
seat cushions, modeling, 156–159
throw pillows, modeling, 163–165
wooden feet, modeling, 169
Fusion program, eyeon Software, 367–385
compositing phase, 372–385
interface, 372
rendering phase, 368–372
Fuzziness option, Photoshop, 395, 396
G
gable roofs, 118
Gallery link, website navigation menu, 477
Gamma Color option, Fusion, 376
gamma correction, 345
Gamut Warning feature, Photoshop, 397
Garbage Matte arrow, Fusion, 384
Gauss option, Sampling Quality roll-
out, 281
Gaussian Blur option, Photoshop, 401, 402
Generate Caustics option, Object Properties dialog box, 330
Generate Photon Map File Now button, Reuse FG and GI Caching rollout, 293
Generic material, 347
Generic Oak object, 271
Generic rollout, 347
generic roof structure, 118–131
overview, 118–119
reverse engineering roof plans, 129–131
working with existing roof plan, 119–129
Ambient Occlusion, 320
backgrounds based on, 238–241
angular environment objects, 241
cylindrical environment objects, 239–240
hemispherical environment objects, 240–241
overview, 238–239
displacement, 344–345
dynamic versus static, 271
mapping complex, 362–365
sky portals, 322
Geometry rollout, 93–94, 188, 189–190, 192, 220
Get Shape button, 188
GI. See global illumination
gijsdezwart.nl/tutorials.php web site, 466
glass
mental ray materials
glossy refraction, 333–337
overview, 327–328
reflections, 339–342
self illumination, 337–338
sub surface scattering, 338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
window, in Loft and ProBoolean
modeling exercise, 101–102, 106, 107
glazing, architectural
glossy refraction, 333–337
overview, 327–328
sub surface scattering, 338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
global displacement, 345
global illumination (GI), 285–306
backgrounds, 246
excluding objects from, 455–456
final gather
Noise Filtering, 301–302
and photon mapping, 305–306
process overview, 294–301
saving map for animations, 303–305
inverse square law, 293–294
mr Daylight System, 319–320
overview, 285
photon mapping, 285–293
and final gather, 305–306
overview, 285–286
tutorial, 286–293
3D shadows, 267
V-Ray engines, 502–509
Brute Force engine, 508–509
irradiance map, 503–505
Light cache, 505–508
overview, 502–503
Global Illumination (GI) section, Render Setup dialog box, 287, 290, 291
Global Subdivs multiplier, 510
Global switches rollout, 371
Glossiness value, Main material parameters rollout, 336
glossy reflections, 340–341
glossy refraction, 333–336
Glossy Samples value, Main material parameters rollout, 334, 335, 336
Gorbunov, Alexander, 146
gradient maps, 236
granular-like noise, 500
“Graphic Design” category, in phone books, 478
graphics.uni-konstanz.de/~luft/ivy_generator web site, 467
grayscale images, for displacement, 211–212
green arrow, Fusion, 375
Green option, Fusion, 383
Grid Align feature, 228, 229, 230
Grid and Snap Settings dialog box, 67
Group common objects option, 184
Group option, Extrude Polygons caddy, 71
Grow button, Selection rollout, 170
gutter curbs, 186
H
Half Float –16 bits per channel option, OpenEXR Configuration dialog box, 369
hardscaping, 25–26, 198–202. See also pavers
hatch pattern, in section drawings, 21
HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
height, ceiling, 30
hemispheric subdivisions, V-Ray, 504
hemispherical environment objects, 240–241
Hide Distribution Object option, Display rollout, 255, 261
Hierarchy panel, 91–92, 155, 188
High detail distance option, Fast Glossy Interpolation rollout, 341
high dynamic range images (HDRI), 307–311
High option, Final Gather rollout, 302
Highlight option, Fusion, 384
Highlights (Burn) value, mr Photographic Exposure Control rollout, 319
Highlights+FG Only option, 340, 341
hip roofs, 28, 118, 122–124, 125–127
histogram, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
home grid, 184
Home link, website navigation menu, 477
Hsph. sudivs setting, V-Ray irradiance map, 504
HSV exponential option, V-Ray color mapping, 511
human resources personnel, arranging meetings with, 479
Hyperfocal Design, 233
I
IDs, material, 96–98, 169–170, 379–381
Ignore Backfacing option, 170, 354, 358
Illuminates the Scene (when using FG) option, 324
illumination
See also global illumination
iray renderer, 349
lighting presets for animation projects, 419–420
mental ray strategies, 307–326
high dynamic range images, 307–311
mr Daylight System, 312–321
mr Sky portals, 321–323
overview, 307
photon mapping and final gather, 317–321
self illuminated materials, 324– 325
opacity mapped shadows, 263
projector light shadows, 268–269
2D trees, 258–259
of 2D vegetation, 253
V-Ray environment lighting, 512
image editing software, applying
backgrounds with, 245. See also
Adobe Photoshop
image formats, 307–308
image histogram, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
Image menu, Photoshop, 397
image resolution, 232
image sampling
mental ray, 276–281
tips regarding, 458
V-Ray, 500–502
adaptive DMC sampler, 501
adaptive subdivision sampler, 501–502
antialiasing filters, 502
fixed rate sampler, 500
overview, 500
suggested render settings, 502
image shadows, for 2D trees, 263–266
Image Size dialog box, Photoshop, 390
image types, backgrounds, 231–233
of building sites, 180–181
Immersive Media Corp (IMC), 462
importance sampling, in V-Ray, 509
imported models, working with, 61
importing linework
for animation projects, 416
2D sites, 183–184
imprints, photon. See photon mapping
Incremental Add FG Points option, 304
incremental saves, 417–418, 450–451
Incremental Y Move option, 139
Indirect Illumination tab, Render Setup dialog box, 286, 290, 295, 296, 303
individuals, as potential clients, 475
Inherit from mr Sky checkbox, Material Editor, 314, 315
Initial FG Point Density field, Final Gather rollout, 296–297, 298, 324
Inner Amount option, Shell modifier, 69, 150
Inset button, 226
Inset Polygons caddy, 85
inspecting architectural drawings, 413, 444
Instance option, 234
instances
roof tiles, 136
of 3D vegetation, 271
versus XRefs, 436
interiors
See also furniture
mr Daylight System, 317–321
mr Sky portals, 321–323
photon mapping and final gather, 317–321
self illuminated materials, 324–325
visualizations of, 19
V-Ray light cache, 505
international subcontractors, 443
Interp. samples setting, V-Ray irradiance map, 504–505
Interpolate Over Num. FG Points field, Final Gather rollout, 297, 298, 300, 302
interpolation
final gather points, 298–301
glossy reflection, 340–341
glossy refraction, 335–337
Interpolation grid density settings, 335, 336
Interpolation rollout, 191, 192, 194
interpolation samples, V-Ray irradiance map, 504–505
Interpolation value, Turn to Poly modifier, 223
introduction, PSA, 490
Inventor program, 347
inverse square law, 293–294
Invert option, Fusion, 383
inverting selections, 171
investing in business, 469
iray renderer, 347–349
irradiance map, V-Ray, 503–505
hemispheric subdivisions, 504
interpolation samples, 504–505
overview, 503
resolution, 503–504
suggested render settings, 505
isolines. See topographical lines
Iterations value
MeshSmooth modifier, 151, 153, 158
Relax modifier, 158
Relax Tool dialog box, 173, 174
ivy generator, 467
J
Jitter option, Sampling Quality rollout, 280–281
joint lines, in sidewalks, 197
JPEG compression, 398
K
keyboard shortcuts
AutoCAD, 38–39
Edit UVW dialog box, 355–356
inverting selections, 171
to isolate objects, 69
making plane objects transparent, 149
mastering, 445
to switch viewport configuration, 67
keypads, 453
L
Lanczos option, Sampling Quality rollout, 281
landscape architects, 25–26
landscaping, 10, 25–27, 249, 257.
See also vegetation
Large BSP option, 282
Layer menu, Photoshop, 398
Layer Style dialog box, Photoshop, 400
layers
AutoCAD, importing, 104–105, 183
in AutoCAD linework, 44–45
Photoshop masking, 399–400
Layers palette, Photoshop, 399
layout, AutoCAD version 2004, 35
lbrush.com web site, 462
LD icon, Fusion, 373, 374, 375, 381
LDR (low dynamic range) images, 307–308
learning new techniques, 471
leaves, for shrubs and flowers, 259–261
Legacy AutoCAD file type, 65, 89, 217
legal protection, from contracts, 489
Length Repeat value, Surface Parameters rollout, 201
Lens shader, 316–317
level of detail
for animation projects, 414
in 3D trees, 271
in windows, 98
Level-Blur-Scale option, Photoshop, 390
Levels button, Fusion, 378
libraries
material, 346–347, 419, 452, 454–455
object, 454
light cache, V-Ray, 368–369, 505–508
lighting
See also global illumination
environment, V-Ray, 512
iray renderer, 349
mental ray strategies, 307–326
high dynamic range images, 307–311
mr Daylight System, 312–321
mr Sky portals, 321–323
overview, 307
photon mapping and final gather, 317–321
self illuminated materials, 324– 325
opacity mapped shadows, 263
presets for animation projects, 419–420
projector light shadows, 268–269
2D trees, 258–259
of 2D vegetation, 253
Lights option, Global switches rollout, 371
Limit Polygon Size option, 223
line weights
in architectural drawings, 15–16
in reflected ceiling plans, 30
linear color mapping, V-Ray, 510, 511
Linear option, Create Shape feature, 166
linework
See also architectural drawings; AutoCAD linework
adding to site plans, 182
cleaning and preparing, for animation projects, 416
creating new, for wall creation, 67–68
generic roof structure, drawing for, 120
importing for 2D sites, 183–184
importing for animation projects, 416
linking, 55
parking stops, 206
reverse engineering roof plans, 129–131
load bearing components, in floor plans, 18–19
Load Brushes option, Photoshop, 403
Load channel as selection icon, Photoshop, 399
Load Selection command, Photoshop, 389
Loader2 icon, Fusion, 375, 376
Local Normal option, Extrude Polygons caddy, 71
Loft feature
creating new linework, 48–51
modeling walls and windows with 3D model creation, 104–113
preparing linework in AutoCAD, 88–89
wall creation, 89–98
window creation, 98–104
overhang roof creation, 127–128
paver bandings, 201
production tips, 446
section drawings, 21–22
Loop tool, Edit Poly modifier
sofa creation tutorial, 151, 166, 168
wall creation, 72
low dynamic range (LDR) images, 307–308
LTSCALE command, AutoCAD, 54
LUD icon, Fusion, 376
Luma Keyer Tool, Fusion, 382
LUT Editor, Fusion, 374
M
Magic Wand tool, Photoshop, 211
Main material parameters rollout, 328, 332, 334, 336
Make First button, 220
Manual Override option, 313
Map Parameters rollout, 363
mapping complex geometry, 362–365. See also specific types of mapping by name
Mapping drop-down list
Cylindrical Environment option, 237
overview, 234
Screen option, 235–236
Shrink-Wrap Environment option, 237
Spherical Environment option, 236–237
maps
See also specific map types by name
in animation project folder, creating copy of, 421
final gather, saving for animations, 303–305
in geometry based backgrounds, 238–239
GI, for animations, 368–369
shadow, 253
market analysis, in business plan, 486
marketing, 473–479
animation, 410
in business plan, 486–487
clients, 473–476
architects, 474–475
contractors, 475
developers, 473–474
individuals, 475
overview, 473
real estate agents, 476
overview, 473
tools, 476–479
brochures, 477
DVDs, 478–479
e-mails, 479
overview, 476
phone books, 478
phone calls, 479
web sites, 476–477
Marlin Studios, 232–233, 452, 463
Mask Mode, Photoshop, 401
masking, in Photoshop, 399–400, 447
masonry openings, 77
mass mailings, 477
MasterZap, 349
Mat icon, Fusion, 383
Match Bitmap Size As Closely As Possible option, Configure Driver dialog box, 247
Material Editor
Arch & Design material preset templates, 327
caustic effects, 330
displacement, 344
Environment Channel backgrounds, 234
glossy refraction, 334
HDR images, 310
material IDs, assigning, 96–97
reflections, special application of, 342
self illuminated materials, 324
shrubs and flowers, creating, 261
sofa creation tutorial, 148, 169
sub surface scattering, 338
terrain, creating with displacement mapping, 212, 213
translucency, 332
transparency, 329
2D vegetation, creating, 256
material IDs, 96–98, 169–170, 379–381
material libraries for animation projects, 419
Autodesk, 346–347
purchasing best available, 452
using, 454–455
material overrides, 318
Material Type button, Material Editor, 347
materials
applying different, to wall section, 94–98
mental ray, 327–350
Arch & Design material, 327–328
Autodesk libraries, 346–347
bump maps and normal maps, 342–343
displacement, 344–345
exposure control, 345–346
glossy reflections, 340–341
glossy refraction, 333–336
iray renderer, 347–349
reflection, 339–340
self illumination, 337–338
special application of reflections, 342
sub surface scattering, 338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
roofing, 131–143
overview, 131
shingle roofs, 142–143
standing seam, 136–142
tile roofs, 132–136
self illuminated, 324–325
sofa creation tutorial, 169–171, 175–176
for walls, 113–116
Bump channel, 114–115
Diffuse Color channel, 115
Displacement channel, 115–116
overview, 113
Materials-World.com web site, 467
Matte Control tool, Fusion, 383
Matte/Shadow material, 245, 399, 447
Max Distance value, 320, 331–332
max leaf size value, mental ray Message Window, 282
Max. Subdiv. option, Render Setup dialog box, 345
Maximum Number of Photons per Sample field, Caustics and Global Illumination (GI) rollout, 291, 292
Maximum Sampling Radius field, Caustics and Global Illumination (GI) rollout, 290, 291, 293
maxplugins.de web site, 467
Measured Min/Max values, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
Medium preset, V-Ray irradiance map, 503
meeting with clients, for animation projects, 410–411
mental ray, 275–283
See also global illumination
BSP, 281–282
distributive versus network rendering, 282–283
image sampling, 276–281
lighting strategies, 307–326
high dynamic range images, 307–311
mr Daylight System, 312–321
mr Sky portals, 321–323
overview, 307
photon mapping and final gather, 317–321
self illuminated materials, 324– 325
materials, 327–350
Arch & Design, 327–328
Autodesk Material libraries, 346–347
bump maps and normal maps, 342–343
displacement, 344–345
exposure control, 345–346
glossy reflections, 340–341
glossy refraction, 333–336
iray renderer, 347–349
overview, 327
reflection, 339–340
reflections, special application of, 342
self illumination, 337–338
sub surface scattering, 338
translucency, 332–333
transparency, 328–332
Message Window, 281–282
overview, 275–276
Proxy, for 3D trees, 271–272
tile roofs, 136
Merge Nearby Photons option, 293
Merge1 icon, Fusion, 375, 376, 378
mesh based 2D vegetation, 252–253.
See also Edit Mesh modifier
MeshSmooth modifier displacement mapping, 214
large 3D terrain, 217
sofa creation tutorial
armrests, 151
back pillows, 162
bottom and back, 153, 154, 155–156
seat cushions, 158
throw pillows, 164
Message Window, mental ray, 281–282
Metro Professional Complex tutorial, 180–207
curbs, 185–193
grass, 184–185
importing linework, 183–184
mulch, 203–205
overview, 180–182
parking stops, 206–207
pavers and paver bandings, 198–202
road lines, 202–203
roads, 193–196
sidewalks, 197–198
metropoly models, 462
Microsoft Virtual Earth, 181
Min Subdivs value, V-Ray DMC Sampler rollout, 510
Mirror modifier, 151
mirroring
armrests, 149–151
back pillows, 162
roof tiles, 136
throw pillows, 164
mistakes, common, 469–471
artist mistakes, 471
business mistakes, 469–471
overview, 469
Mitchell option, Sampling Quality rollout, 281
Mitchell-Netravali antialiasing filter, V-Ray, 502
model libraries
purchasing best available, 452
using, 454–455
modeling
See also box modeling method; specific elements to be modeled
breaking up projects, 449–450
building elements, for animation projects, 416–417
hiring subcontractors for, 443
parametric, 416–417
simple elements first, 451–452
modifications, in PSA, 492
modifiers. See specific modifiers by name
Modify panel
armrests, modeling, 149
Geometry rollout, 93
Ignore Backfacing option, 354
mr Daylight System, 312
Skin Parameters rollout, 189
standing seams in roof, creating, 138
Surface Parameters rollout, 92
Surface Properties rollout, 97
Unwrap UVW modifier, 358
Monte Carlo sampling, 509
More button, Utilities panel, 362
Move command, AutoCAD, 119
Move transform, 76, 91, 160, 164, 356–357
mr Daylight System
exteriors, 312–313
interiors, 317–321
mr Physical Sky map, 238
parameters, 313–317
reflections, special application of, 342
mr Photographic Exposure Control, 289, 297, 312, 319
mr Physical Sky, 238, 314, 315, 316
mr Sky: Haze Driven (mr Sky) rollout, 314
mr Sky Portals
overview, 321–322
parameters, 322–323
mr Sun Photons rollout, 318
Mrg icon, Fusion, 375
mulch
adding to 3D terrain, 229
2D sites, 203–205
mullions, window, 100
multiple background objects, 242
Multiply option, Fusion, 376
multi/sub-object materials, 96–97, 175–176
N
Named Selection drop-down list, 224
navigation menus, web site, 477
Neighboring points to look up field, 335, 336
network rendering, mental ray, 282–283
networks
of subcontractors, building, 443
support, 471
New Action dialog box, Photoshop, 390
Night Color feature, 315
90 deg. refl. option, BRDF rollout, 340
NodeJoe, 463
noise
causes of, 500
deductive reasoning, solving problems with, 449
final gather, 299–301
glossy refraction, 336–337
V-Ray irradiance map, 503–504
Noise Filtering, final gather, 301–302
Noise Filtering (Speckle Reduction) option, 319, 324
Noise threshold value, V-Ray, 501, 509–510
Non Physical Tuning parameters, 317
Non-Uniform Scale feature, 157–158, 160, 163
Normal Bump map shader, 343
normal maps, 342–343
Normalize Spline modifier, 216, 218
notes, in floor plans, 20
NTSC (Square Pixel) option, Fusion, 374
Numeric Expression Evaluator, 213, 346
O
object libraries, 454
object management, 435–436
Object Properties dialog box, 109, 203, 243, 330
objects, excluding from GI, 455–456
O’Conner, Jennifer, 349
Offset feature, 151
omni light, illuminating backgrounds with, 242
One File per Frame (Best for Animated Objects) option, 305
online community, 458–459, 467, 471
online forums, 459
online support, 471
onyxtree.com web site, 463
Opacity Map channel, 264
opacity maps
shadows for 2D trees, 262–263
2D vegetation, creating, 252–253
Open UV Editor button, 354
OpenEXR Configuration dialog box, 369
operating systems, 32-bit versus 64-bit, 436–437
operational plan, in business plan, 486
Optimization rollout, 253
Optimize for Final Gather option, 305, 319
Options arrow, Photoshop, 403
Options dialog box, AutoCAD, 35–36
Orbital Scale field, 313
orienting
AutoCAD linework, 46–48
texture, 359–362
orthographic images, 15–16, 17–18
Orthographic view, 67, 92, 188
Outer Amount, Shell modifier, 69, 150
Output Amount field, Output rollout, 310, 311, 314
Output section, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
overhang roof, 127–128
overhangs, roof, 28
overhead costs, calculating, 482
overlapping lines, in linework, 43–44
override materials, 318
Override mtl channel, 371
P
P option, Move command, 119
Pack UVs option, Edit UVW dialog box, 364
Paint Brush tool, Photoshop, 211
Palo Alto, 487
paper, in architectural drawings, 13–14
parametric modeling, 416–417
parametric objects
file size, 426–430
3D trees, 270–271
parking lines, adding to 3D terrain, 229
parking stops, in 2D sites, 206–207
Paste Into command, Photoshop, 388–389
Paste option, 164
Patch Tool, Photoshop, 392–393
Path Palette, Photoshop, 398
Path Steps setting, Skin Parameters rollout, 93, 108, 109, 128, 189
paths
animation, 420–421
removing before printing, 398
simple camera, using to reduce required sampling, 457
pattern, creating on walls, 94–98
pavers, 198–202
adding to 3D terrain, 229
overview, 198–199
textured bandings, 201–202
3D bandings, 199–201
Pelt tool, 362
persistence distance, 330–332
Perspective view, 188
perspective views, 15–16
phone books, as marketing tool, 478
phone calls, from potential clients, 476–477
Photographic Exposure Control, mental ray, 289, 297, 312, 319
photographs of building sites, 180–181
photon mapping, 285–294
and final gather, 305–306
interior lighting, 317–321
inverse square law, 293–294
overview, 285–286
tutorial, 286–293
Photon Target feature, 318
Photoshop, Adobe, 387–406
Action Script feature, 389–391
applying backgrounds with, 245
cloning, 391–394
Clone Stamp tool, 391–392
Content Aware tool, 393–394
overview, 391
Patch Tool, 392–393
Spot Healing Brush tool, 392
converting for printing purposes, 396–398
CMYK versus RGB, 396–397
overview, 396
printing resolution, 398
creating custom textures in, 364–365
depth of field, 401–402
effects, adding, 402–405
grayscale images for displacement, 211
overview, 387–388
Paste Into command, 388–389
2D images, using in 3D scenes, 394–396
Physical Sky, mental ray, 238, 314, 315, 316
Physically Based Lighting, Indoor Daylight preset, 319
Physically Based Lighting, Outdoor Daylight, Clear Sky preset, 297, 312
Pick Distribution Object button, 255, 261
Pick Operand B button, 139, 194
Pick Path button, 200
Pick Shape icon, 141
piecemeal linework importation, 41
pillows, sofa
Pinch value, Connect Edges dialog box, 150–151, 153
Pivot alignment section, Sweep Parameters rollout, 193
pivot points
adjusting, 66
for lofts, 187–188
tile roofs, 133
of wall profile spline, 90–92
of window parts, 107–108
Pivot snap option, 91
pixels
fragment, 458
V-Ray color mapping, 511
pixilated background images, 247
Place Highlight tool, 311
placement, of maps in Environment Map, 233–237
planar gizmo, when mapping with Unwrap UVW modifier, 362–363
plane objects, making transparent, 149
plans. See specific plan types by name
plant generator programs, 251
Play icon, Fusion, 374
plug-ins
See also V-Ray
applying backgrounds with, 245–246
third-party, 455
top vendors, 461–463
2D vegetation based on, 254
poly based 2D vegetation, 252–253.
See also Edit Poly modifier
PolyBoost, 463
Polygon Properties rollout, 229
Polygon sub-object mode
bumpiness in 3D site elements, controlling, 229
mulch, 204
bottom and back, 152
seat cushions, 158
throw pillows, 163
standing seam roofs, 137–138, 140
polygons
assigning material IDs to, 96–98
Boolean > Cut > Split feature, 445
4-sided, in small 3D terrain, 219–223
in generic roof structure, 118–119
inset row of, adding to smooth terrain, 226
reducing number of, 93–94
render time, 429
in standing seam roofs, 137–138
in tile roofs, 132
poor designs, questioning, 448–449
Post multiply image option, Fusion, 382
post-production
See also Adobe Photoshop; compositing
animation, 423–424
in PSA, 492
potential clients, 473–476
architects, 474–475
in business plans, 486
contractors, 475
developers, 473–474
individuals, 475
making contact with other companies, 413
overview, 473
pricing, 411
real estate agents, 476
Preferences, Fusion, 374
preliminary illustrations, 5–6
preparing linework for animation projects, 416. See also AutoCAD linework
presentations for potential clients, 411
pricing, 444
3D, 497–498
Preset slider, Render Setup dialog box, 295
presets
lighting, loading for animation projects, 419–420
V-Ray irradiance map, 503–504
preview animations, 422
Preview Quick Map Gizmo option, 363
pricing, 481–484
additional information, 484
allowing clients to pressure for, as mistake, 470
animation projects, 411–412
in business plan, 486
inspecting drawings before, 12, 39–41, 444
overhead costs, calculating, 482
overview, 481–482
presentations for, 444
production days, calculating, 483
profit, calculating, 483
in PSA, 492–493
“Pricing Poker: Bluffing, Budgets and Trust” article, 484
Primary Bounce GI engines, V-Ray, 502–503
printers, 3D, 463
printing, converting for, 396–398
CMYK versus RGB, 396–397
overview, 396
printing resolution, 398
ProBoolean feature
versus Boolean > Cut > Split feature, 445–446
modeling walls and windows with 3D model creation, 104–113
overview, 51
preparing linework in AutoCAD, 88–89
wall creation, 89–98
window creation, 98–104
mulch, 204–205
overview, 87–88
sidewalk joint lines, 197–198
trimming roof tile with, 135
Processing tab, Render Setup dialog box, 282–283, 296
product delivery date, examining drawings to calculate, 41
production days, calculating, 483
production renders
animation, 423
Brute Force engine, 509
color mapping, 512
DMC Sampler, 510
irradiance map, 505
light cache, 508
V-Ray image sampling, 502
production timeline, for animation projects, 414
production tips, 441–460
activity in 3D community, 458–459
additional input devices, using, 453–454
architectural drawings, inspecting, 444
artificial shadows, using, 457
assembly line for doors and windows, creating, 452–453
Boolean > Cut > Split feature, 445–446
breaking up projects, 449–450
contract, writing, 446–447
custom furniture, 450
deductive reasoning, solving problems with, 449
excluding objects from GI, 455–456
keyboard shortcuts, mastering, 445
Loft and Sweep features, 446
mask for use in Photoshop, creating, 447
material and model libraries, using, 454–455
modeling simple elements first, 451–452
network of subcontractors, building, 443
overview, 441–442
poor designs, questioning, 448–449
pricing presentation, creating, 444
professional render-farms, 448
purchasing best available model and material libraries, 452
rendering high and converting down, 458
saving incrementally and often, 450–451
script, writing, 447–448
simple camera paths, using to reduce required sampling, 457
standard background rig, using, 454
system resources, conserving, 445
third-party plug-ins, using, 455
vegetation, Scatter command and Spacing tool for, 456
products, in business plan, 486
Professional Fees section, PSA, 492–493
professional render-farms, 448, 463
Professional Services Agreement (PSA), 489–494
for animation projects, 414
introduction and Authorization to Proceed, 490
overview, 489–490
Professional Fees section, 492–493
Scope of Services section, 490–492
Description of Services, 491–492
Final Product, 492
overview, 490–491
Project Schedule, 492
Standard Terms and Conditions section, 493–494
profit, calculating, 483
programs
See also specific programs by name; third-party software
in architectural design process, 5
3D, 461–463
project folders, animation
copy of maps, creating in, 421
creating, 415
Project Schedule section, PSA, 492
project schedules, examining drawings to calculate, 41
projector light shadows, for 2D trees, 268–269
Projector Map feature, 268
ProMaterials, 327
ProMaterials: Mirror material, 311
Properties dialog box, 258
proposal, writing for animation projects, 414
Proxy, mental ray, 271–272
PSA. See Professional Services Agreement
purchasing
model and material libraries, 452
tools to assist work, 469
Pure White option, 332
Q
Quest3D, 463
Quick Planar Map gizmo, 362–363
QuickTime panoramas, as test renders, 422
R
Radii in Pixels option, 301
Radius value, 371
RAM consumption, 431–434
rates, daily. See daily rates; pricing
raw numbers, elevation data through, 209–210
Rays per FG Point field, Final Gather rollout, 297, 298, 300, 302, 324
raytrace acceleration, 281–282
Read FG Points Only from Existing Map Files option, 303, 304
Read Only (FG Freeze) option, 305
Read/Write Photons to Map files option, 292
real estate agents, as potential clients, 476
Real Pixels option, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
Real-World Map Size option, 148, 201
Receive Shadows option, Properties dialog box, 258
receiving drawings, for animation projects, 413
Red, Green, and Blue (RGB), 396–397
Red option, Fusion, 380
Red/Blue Tint value, 317
Refine Edge tool, Photoshop, 394–396
reflected ceiling plans, 29–31
Reflection group, Arch & Design material, 340
reflections
backgrounds in, 242–244
glossy, 340–341
mental ray materials, 339–340
special application of, 342
Refract light and generate Caustic effects option, 330
refracted caustics, 403–405
refraction, glossy, 333–336
Refraction Color channel, 329
Refraction Glossiness field, Main material parameters rollout, 334
Refraction section, Main material parameters rollout, 328, 334
refractive color, and transparency, 328–329
Reinhard option, V-Ray color mapping, 511
Relax by Face Angles option, Relax Tool dialog box, 173, 174
Relax Tool dialog box, 173, 174
Remove button, Edit Edges rollout, 79, 81, 225
renaming objects, 107, 128, 191
Render button, Fusion, 385
Render Elements tab, 369, 371, 403
Render Preview, 289, 290, 297, 312
Render Setup dialog box
displacement, 344–345
effects, 403
final gather, 295–300
image sampling, 278
iray renderer, 348
mr Daylight System, 312, 316, 318, 319
transparency, 330
Renderer tab, Render Setup dialog box, 278
rendering
See also mental ray; production renders; test renders; V-Ray
distributive versus network, 282–283
in Fusion program, 368–372
high, 458
Rendering Algorithms rollout, 278, 281
Rendering rollout, 166
requesting drawings for animation projects, 412
Resample Image option, Photoshop, 390
Reset Selected button, Utilities panel, 169
Reset XForm button, Utilities panel, 169
resolution
irradiance map, V-Ray, 503–504
printing, 398
resources
free 3D, 465–467
ignoring useful, as common mistake, 471
Reuse FG and GI Caching rollout, 292–293, 303
revenue, required daily
overhead costs, calculating, 482
overview, 481–482
production days, calculating, 483
profit margin, calculating, 483
Reverse button, Geometry rollout, 188, 220
reverse engineering roof plans, 118, 129–131
revising animation, 423
Revit program, 347
RGB (Red, Green, and Blue), 396–397
RGB Color mode, Photoshop, 397
RGB Level option, 342
Rich Photorealistic Content (RPC) plug-in, 254, 462
Right-Click Customization dialog box, AutoCAD, 36–37
Ring tool, Edit Poly modifier, 150, 153–154, 161, 226, 227
Ripple modifier, 227–228
Ripple option, Photoshop, 405
rise-over-run, in roof plans, 28, 118
road lines
2D sites, 202–203
in site plans, 54
roads
adding to 3D terrain, 228
controlling bumpiness of in 3D site, 229–230
2D sites, 193–196
roof plans
reverse engineering, 129–131
working with existing, 119–129
roofs, 117–144
applying roofing materials, 131–143
overview, 131
shingle roofs, 142–143
standing seam, 136–142
tile roofs, 132–136
generic roof structure, 118–131
overview, 118–119
reverse engineering roof plans, 129–131
working with existing roof plan, 119–129
overview, 117
terminology, 117–118
Rot. +90 button, Edit UVW dialog box, 360, 361
rotating
linework, 66
tiles, for roof, 134
Rotation X, Transforms rollout, 261
Rotation Y, Transforms rollout, 261
Rotation Z, Transforms rollout, 261
RPC (Rich Photorealistic Content) plug-in, 254, 462
S
salaries
as overhead cost, 482
and profit margins, 483
Sample size setting, V-Ray light cache, 506
sampling, reducing through use of simple camera paths, 457. See also image sampling
Sampling Quality rollout, 278–281
satellite imagery, 180–181
Save As dialog box, 451
Save separate render channels option, Frame buffer rollout, 369
saving
animation projects, 417–418
early in project, 66
final gather map for animations, 303–305
in Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 96, 112
photon maps, 292–293
production tips, 450–451
sba.gov/starting_business web site, 467
Scale Conversion Factor option, 338
Scale setting, V-Ray light cache, 506
Scale Transform Type-In dialog box, 158
scaling
in AutoCAD drawings, 37–38, 46
in elevations, 16
in site plans, 24
texture, 359–362
Scatter command
shrubs and flowers, creating, 259–262
2D trees, creatin
All Face Centers option, 257–258
Area option, 255–256
overview, 254–255
Scatter Objects rollout, 256, 261
scene elements, merging for animation projects, 419
schedules, examining drawings to calculate, 41
Schematic Design (SD) phase, 5–6
Scope of Services section, PSA, 490–492
Description of Services, 491–492
Final Product, 492
overview, 490–491
Project Schedule, 492
SCORE business toolbox, 467, 487
scored pattern, creating on walls, 94–98
‘Screen’ (soft) compositing of layers option, Advanced Options rollout, 338
Screen mapping option, 234
Screen Menu, AutoCAD, 35
Screen option, Mapping drop-down list, 235–236
Screen scale setting, V-Ray light cache, 506
scripts, writing, 447–448
ScriptSpot, 467
scroll bars, AutoCAD, 35
SD (Schematic Design) phase, 5–6
seams
map, 364–365
roof, 140–141
seat cushions, sofa, 156–159
Secondary Bounce GI engines, V-Ray, 502–503
Secondary bounces setting, V-Ray Brute force GI rollout, 509
section drawings, 20–22
Section Type rollout, 192
See Through option, Object Properties dialog box, 109
Segment sub-object mode, 97, 189–190, 191–192, 223
Segments field, Connect Edges dialog box, 74, 82, 150–151, 153, 157
Select and Rotate icon, 66
Select Element option, 365
Select menu, Photoshop, 389, 394
Select Open Edges feature, 228
Selection Parameters rollout, 358
Selection rollout, 72, 150, 170, 225
selections, inverting, 171
self illuminated materials
interior lighting, 324–325
mental ray, 337–338
Self Illumination rollout, 324, 337
seminars, 3ds Max, 459
services, in business plan, 486
Set ID field, Surface Properties rollout, 97
Set Number of Points button, 159
Settings icon
Edit Borders rollout, 165
Edit Edges rollout, 72, 74, 82, 150–151
Edit Geometry rollout, 195
Edit Polygons rollout, 71, 75, 152, 226
shaded preview animations, 422
shadow maps, 253
shadows
artificial, 457
background objects, 246
for 2D trees, 262–269
3D shadows, 266–268
image shadows, 263–266
opacity mapped shadows, 262–263
overview, 262
projector light shadows, 268–269
Shadows and Displacement rollout, 344
Shadows From “Outdoors” option, 322
Shadows option, Global switches rollout, 371
Shadows value, mr Photographic Exposure Control rollout, 319
Shape Merge feature, 445
Shape Steps setting, Skin Parameters rollout, 93, 108, 109, 128, 189
sheet layout, architectural drawings, 13–14
Shift Edge option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
shortcuts
AutoCAD, 38–39
Edit UVW dialog box, 355–356
inverting selections, 171
to isolate objects, 69
making plane objects transparent, 149
mastering, 445
to switch viewport configuration, 67
Show end result on/off option, 224
Show Grid option, 148
Show Map icon, Edit UVW dialog box, 355
Show Map in Viewport option, 170, 212, 256, 261
Show Original option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Show Radius option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Show Statistics feature, 214
Show Vertex option, 219
Show Vertex Ticks option, 218
Shrink-Wrap Environment option, Mapping drop-down list, 237
shrubs, 2D, 259–262
Shutter Speed value, 312
Shutterstock, 463
sidewalks
adding to 3D terrain, 228
in 2D sites, 197–198
siding, 116
SIGGRAPH, 459
signed and sealed drawings, 7–8
signed contract, receiving for animation projects, 414–415
simple elements, modeling first, 451–452
Simplification rollout, 216
single viewport configuration, 67
site elements
modeling for animation projects, 417
parking stops, 206–207
pavers and paver bandings, 198–202
in 3D sites
adding, 228–229
bumpiness of, controlling, 229– 230
site plans, 22–25, 52–55. See also 2D sites; 3D sites
64-bit operating systems, 436–437
Size setting, Rendering Algorithms rollout, 281–282
Sketch Vertices tool, 362
Skin Parameters rollout, 93, 189, 201
Sky Portals, mental ray
overview, 321–322
parameters, 322–323
Skylight drop-down list, mr Sun, 312
skylights
HDRI, 308–310
V-Ray environment lighting, 512
Skype, 467
slide shows, 498
Slide value, Connect feature, 157
slide-shows, for potential clients, 411
slope, roof, 28
small firms, 443, 474. See also business plan; marketing; pricing
Smart Radius option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Smooth Length option, 92, 108, 109
Smooth modifier, 159, 191, 193, 227
Smooth option, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
Smooth Width option, 92, 108, 109
Smooth+Highlights mode
decorative trim piping, modeling, 167
furniture modeling, 148
roads, 194
seat cushions, modeling, 156
topographical lines, 222
smoothing
final gather points, 298–299
large 3D terrain, 217
with Photoshop Refine Edge tool, 395
small 3D terrain, 219
snap settings
back pillows, modeling, 162
grass, 184–185
throw pillows, modeling, 163
sofa creation tutorial, 147–176
armrests, 149–151
back pillows, 159–163
bottom and back, 152–156
decorative trim piping, 165–168
materials, applying, 175–176
overview, 147–148
preparing work environment, 148–149
seat cushions, 156–159
texturing, 169–175
throw pillows, 163–165
wooden feet, 169
soffits, 118
Soft Glow option, Fusion, 382
Soft Selection, 230
software
See also plug-ins; specific programs by name; third-party software
in architectural design process, 5
3D, 461–463
Source drop-down menu, Photoshop, 390
SpacePilot, 3D Connexion, 462
spacing, between roof seams, 140–141
spam, 479
Spatial Contrast section, Sampling Quality rollout, 280
Special Effects rollout, 320
Special Purpose Maps rollout, 342, 343, 344
Specifications, for architectural projects, 11–12
Specular color, 256
specular highlights, 334, 340–341, 381–384
spheres, mapping with Unwrap UVW modifier, 362–365
spherical background objects, 242–244
spherical bitmaps, 238
Spherical Environment option, Mapping drop-down list, 236–237, 310
spherical images, 232, 236–237
Spherical Mapping option, 238
Spline sub-object mode
curbs, 192
topographical lines, 218, 220, 224
2D sites, 188
wall creation, 62
splines
4-sided polygons, 220–223
Extrude modifier, 62
Loft and Sweep features, 446
reverse engineering roof plans, 130–131
trimming roof tile with, 135
Split feature, 228
Spot Healing Brush tool, Photoshop, 392, 393
sRGB button, V-Ray frame buffer, 370
SSS Fast material, 338
standard background rig, using, 454
Standard option, Final Gather rollout, 302
Standard Terms and Conditions section, PSA, 493–494
standing seam roofs, 136–142
creating seams in roof, 137–142
Start Picking button, 197, 205
static geometry, 271
Steps value, Interpolation rollout, 191, 192
Stitch Selected option, Edit UVW dialog box, 365
stock video and imagery, 462, 463
stone walls, 115
Stop recording icon, Photoshop, 390
Straighten Corners option, Shell modifier, 69
Strength value
Displace modifier, 213
Fusion, 381
Stretch value, Relax Tool dialog box, 173, 174
structural correctness, test renderings to verify, 422
stucco, 114–115
studio lighting, 307
Styles list, Photoshop, 400
sub surface scattering, 338
subcontractors
breaking up projects when working with, 450
building network of, 443
in Design Development phase, 7–8
need for when working with developers, 474
Subdivide modifier, 194–195, 204
Subdivs setting, V-Ray light cache, 505–507
Sub-pixel mapping option, V-Ray Color mapping rollout, 511
subpixel sampling, in V-Ray, 500–501
Sugar3D, 463
sun
in HDRI, 310–311
mr Daylight System, 313
opacity mapped shadows, 263
Sunlight drop-down list, 312
Super Sampling, mental ray, 276–281
support, online, 471
supporting materials, in business plan, 486
Surface Parameters rollout, 92, 201
Surface Properties rollout, 97
surfaces, wall, 114–116
SV icon, Fusion, 385
Sweep modifier
creating new linework, 48–51
overview, 87
parking stops, 206
production tips, 446
ridge and valley caps, 141–142
section drawings, 21–22
Sweep Parameters rollout, 193
Switch to A/B split view icon, Fusion, 376
symbols, in landscape plans, 26
system resource management, 425–437
file size, 426–430
object management, 435–436
attaching objects, 436
collapsing objects, 435–436
instances versus XRefs, 436
overview, 435
overview, 425–426
production tips, 445
RAM consumption, 431–434
32-bit versus 64-bit operating systems, 436–437
tile roofs, 132
System Unit Setup dialog box, 65, 90, 183
Systems icon, Create panel, 312
T
talking with client, for animation projects, 410–411
Target Camera, 236
Templates drop-down list, Material Editor, 327
terrain, 184. See also 3D sites; 2D sites
Terrain feature, 216, 217, 218
tessellation, and displacement, 344–345
test renders
for animation projects, 421–422
Brute Force engine, 509
color mapping, 512
DMC Sampler, 510
irradiance map, 505
light cache, 508
V-Ray image sampling, 502
texture crawling, 458
textures
exposure control, 345
for paver bandings, 199, 201–202
sofa creation tutorial, 169–175
Unwrap UVW modifier, 353–365
Edit UVW dialog box, 355–357
mapping complex geometry, 362–365
orienting texture, 359–362
overview, 353
scaling texture, 359–362
texturing die, 353–355
tileable textures, applying, 357–359
wall, 114–115
third-party software
See also specific programs by name
applying backgrounds with, 245–246
image editing and video compositing software, 245
overview, 245
plug-ins, 245–246
for 3D vegetation creation, 250– 251
32-bit operating systems, 436–437
32-bit option, Photoshop, 399
3D CAD for Architectural Visualization course, 3DAS, 496
3D community, activity in, 458–459
3D Connexion, 462
3D motion controllers, 453
3D presentations, 497–498
3D printers, 463
3D resources, free, 465–467
3D sites, 209–230
bumpiness in site elements, controlling, 229–230
creation methods, 210–228
displacement, 211–215
overview, 210–211
topographical lines, 215–228
elevation data, 209–210
overview, 209
site elements, adding, 228–229
2D vegetation in, 253
3D vegetation
artificial shadows for, 457
overview, 250–251
Scatter feature, 456
third party vegetation solutions, 456
trees, 270–272
level of detail, 271
mental ray Proxy, 271–272
overview, 270
parametric versus editable objects, 270–271
3D vendors, 461–463
3D visors, 462
3D work
See also 3D sites;3D vegetation
AutoCAD linework, preparing for importation, 12–13
in Construction Administration phase, 10–11
in Design Development phase, 8–9
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 104–113
paver bandings, 199–201
reflecting amount of detail seen in elevations, 16–18
roof plans, 27
roof tiles, 132–136
in Schematic Design phase, 5–6
shadows for 2D trees, 266–268
3ds Max forum, 459
3DSOUT feature, AutoCAD, 202–203
throw pillows, sofa, 163–165, 174–175
tile roofs, 132–136
placing tiles, 133–136
tileable textures, applying, 357–359
tiling, of maps in Environment Map, 233–234, 238
time-based mental ray renderer, 347–349
timeline, production, for animation projects, 414
toolbars, AutoCAD, 35
tools
See also specific 3ds Max tools by name
marketing, 476–479
brochures, 477
DVDs, 478–479
e-mails, 479
overview, 476
phone books, 478
phone calls, 479
web sites, 476–477
3D, 461–463
Tools Area, Fusion, 384
Tools menu
3ds Max, 139
Tools Toolbar, Fusion, 372–373, 375, 378–379, 381, 383–385
topographical lines
elevation data through, 209–210
as guide for grayscale image, 211–212
3D sites, creating with, 215–228
large 3D terrain, 216–217
overview, 215–216
small 3D terrain, 217–228
Trace Depth values, 287–288
trade shows, 459
transform modes, 356
translation process, mental ray, 275
translucency, 332–333
transparency
image shadows, 266
mental ray materials, 328–332
mr Sky Portal, 323
versus translucency, 332–333
Transparent option, Photoshop, 393
Transparent Shadows option, 253, 262
3D, 270–272
level of detail, 271
mental ray Proxy, 271–272
overview, 270
parametric versus editable objects, 270–271
2D, 254–259
All Face Centers option, 257–258
Area option, 255–256
artificial shadows for, 457
example of, 269–270
illuminating, 258–259
overview, 254–255
Trillian chat client, 466
trim, window, 103–104, 107–108
trim feature, wall, 69–73, 93–94
trim piping, sofa, 165–168, 172
trimming roof tile, 135–136
TurboSmooth modifier, 214, 217
Turn to Poly modifier, 222, 223, 224
Twist settings, 152
2D images, using in 3D scenes, 394–396
2D sites, 179–207
curbs, 185–193
grass, 184–185
importing linework, 183–184
Metro Professional Complex, 180–182
mulch, 203–205
overview, 179–180
parking stops, 206–207
pavers and paver bandings, 198–202
road lines, 202–203
roads, 193–196
sidewalks, 197–198
2D vegetation, 251–270
versus
3D vegetation, 250
artificial shadows for, 457
creating, 254–270
overview, 254
shadows for trees, 262–269
shrubs and flowers, 259–262
Mesh and Poly based, 252–253
overview, 251
plug-in based, 254
2-Sided option, 256
U
U Tile value, UVW XForm modifier, 172, 174
unique look, of projects, 471
Unlimited option, Render Setup dialog box, 348
‘Unlimited Rendering’ service, ResPower, 448
Unwrap UVW modifier, 353–365
Edit UVW dialog box, 355–357
mapping complex geometry, 362–365
orienting texture, 359–362
overview, 353
scaling texture, 359–362
sofa creation tutorial, 173, 174
texturing die, 353–355
tileable textures, applying, 357– 359
Update Mesh button, 213
U.S. Chamber of Commerce Small Business Center, 467
Use Center flyout, 66
Use Color From Other Materials (Exact AO) option, 321
Use Custom Background Map option, 314
Use Custom Section option, 141, 192
Use DMC sampler thresh. option, V-Ray, 501
Use Light Cache for Glossy Rays option, V-Ray light cache, 507
Use Pivot Point Center option, 66
Use Placeholder Objects option, 283
Use Radius Interpolation Method option, 301
Use Real-World Scale option, Coordinates rollout, 148
Use Scene Environment option, 310
User Preferences tab, AutoCAD Options dialog box, 36
UVW Map modifier
shingle roofs, 142–143
sofa, applying to, 170–172
UVW maps, 353. See also Unwrap UVW modifier
UVW modifier, 171
UVW Remove command, 362
UVW Unfold tool, 362
UVW XForm modifier, 172, 173, 174
V
valleys, in roof plans, 28
varying elevations, in AutoCAD linework, 45
vegetation, 249–272
artificial shadows, 457
Scatter command for, 456
Spacing tool for, 456
3D trees, creating, 270–272
level of detail, 271
mental ray Proxy, 271–272
overview, 270
parametric versus editable objects, 270–271
2D, creating, 254–270
overview, 254
shadows for trees, 262–269
shrubs and flowers, 259–262
2D trees, 254–259
2D trees in action, 269–270
types of, 250–254
3D, 250–251
overview, 250
2D, 251–254
vendors, 463
vendors, 3D, 461–463
Verizon Yellow Pages, 478
Vertex Chaos field, Scatter Objects rollout, 261
Vertex sub-object mode
bumpiness in 3D site elements, controlling, 229
curbs, 191–192
parking stops, 206
roofs, 121–122
sofa creation tutorial armrests, 149
back pillows, 160
decorative trim piping, 167
seat cushions, 157
throw pillows, 163
3D pavers, 200
topographical lines, 218, 219, 221, 225
welding vertices, 128
Vertex Ticks option, Display panel, 216
vertices
4-sided polygons, 220–223
adding to small 3D terrain, 223–226
decreasing number of in terrain, 216
of hip roofs, lining up to main roof, 126
repositioning, 76
roof plan, snapping to proper position, 121–125
welding, 128
Very High option, Final Gather rollout, 302
Very Low preset, V-Ray irradiance map, 503
video
Animoto, 465
stock, 462
Video antialiasing filter, V-Ray, 502
video compositing software, applying backgrounds with, 245
View Align feature, 228, 229, 230
View menu, 234
View Mode section, Refine Edge dialog box, 395
view navigation control, 453
View option, Render Setup dialog box, 345
View Toolbar, Fusion, 372, 374, 376
view-dependent final gather process, 303–304
Viewport Background dialog box, 234–235
vignette effects, 401–402
Virtual Earth, Microsoft, 181
Visibility Distance setting, Aerial Perspective feature, 316
Visible to Camera option, 243, 266, 267
Visible to Reflection/Refraction option, 243, 266, 267
Visible to render option, mr Sky Portal, 323
VisMaster Design Modeling and Visualization Conference, 459
visors, 3D, 462
Vista, Windows, 437
Volume shader, 316–317
Volumes section, Caustics and Global Illumination (GI) rollout, 294
V-Ray, 499–512
color mapping, 510–512
DMC Sampler, 509–510
environment lighting, 512
GI engines, 502–509
Brute Force engine, 508–509
irradiance map, 503–505
Light cache, 505–508
overview, 502–503
image sampling, 500–502
antialiasing filters, 502
image samplers, 500–502
overview, 500
suggested render settings, 502
overview, 499–500
rendering process, 368–372
tile roofs, 136
VRayDirt map, 371
VRayLight, 369
VRayLightMtl material, 371
vray-materials.de site, 467
VRaySky map, 372
Vue xStream plug-in, 245–246
W
BIM software, creating with, 60–61
creating new linework for in Auto-CAD, 50–51
Edit Poly modifier, creating with, 63–86
double banding feature, 73–76
extruding line to height of wall, 68–69
new linework, creating, 67–68
overview, 63–64
setting up, 64–67
trim feature, 69–73
window frames, creating, 84–86
windows, creating, 77–84
Extrude modifier, creating with, 62
in floor plans, 18–19
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise
3D model creation, 104–113
preparing linework in AutoCAD, 88–89
wall creation, 89–98
window creation, 98–104
materials for, 113–116
Bump channel, 114–115
Diffuse Color channel, 115
Displacement channel, 115–116
overview, 113
water
bodies of, adding to 3D terrain, 229
caustic effects, 404–405
persistence distance, 332
Wave modifier, 227–228
web sites
forums, 459
free resources, 465–467
as marketing tool, 476–477
3D vendors, 461–463
Weight parameter, Final Gather rollout, 302
welding
throw pillows, modeling, 163
UVW mappings, 365
White Alucabond material, 342
white arrow, Fusion, 384
White Point value, HDRI Load Settings dialog box, 309
window frames
Edit Poly modifier, creating with, 84–86
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise, 99–101, 106, 107, 109, 111–113
Window selection, 71, 79, 83, 219
windows, 87–116
assembly line for, creating, 452–453
creating new linework for in Auto-CAD, 49–51
Edit Poly modifier, creating with, 77–84
Loft and ProBoolean modeling exercise
3D model creation, 104–113
preparing linework in AutoCAD, 88–89
wall creation, 89–98
window creation, 98–104
overview, 87–88
Windows feature, 452
Windows Vista, 437
Wireframe mode, 81, 157, 160, 166, 225
wood walls, 115
wooden feet, sofa, 169
Work Area, Fusion, 372, 373–377, 381
work flow, for animation projects, 417
workspace, Photoshop, 388
World scale setting, V-Ray light cache, 506
X
XRefs
in AutoCAD drawings, 42
versus instances, 436
roof tiles, 136
Y
yellow arrow, Fusion, 375, 379
Yellowbook, 478
Z
Z Corp., 463
0 deg. refl. option, BRDF rollout, 340