134 Symmetry

A property of visual equivalence among elements.

• Symmetry is the most basic and enduring aspect of beauty. It is ubiquitous in nature.

• There are three basic types of symmetry: reflection, rotation, and translation.

• Reflection symmetry refers to mirroring elements around a central axis or mirror line.

• Rotation symmetry refers to rotating elements around a common center.

• Translation symmetry refers to locating equivalent elements in different areas of space.

• Use symmetry to convey balance, harmony, and stability. Use simple symmetries when recognition and recall are important. Use combinations of symmetries when aesthetics and interestingness are important.

See Also Area Alignment • MAFA • Self-Similarity • Wabi-Sabi

The Notre Dame Cathedral uses multiple, complex symmetries to create a structure that is as beautiful as it is memorable.