Digital photos often contain extra textual metadata, for example, timestamps, exposure information, and geolocations. Some of this metadata is editable by the camera owner. In the context of marketing, for instance, it can be useful to extract the metadata from profile (or other) images on social media websites. Purportedly, whistle blower Edward Snowden claimed that the American NSA is collecting EXIF metadata from global online data.
In this recipe, we will use ExifRead to extract the EXIF metadata.
Install ExifRead as follows:
$ pip install ExifRead
I tested the code with ExifRead 2.1.2.
- The imports are as follows:
import exifread import pprint
- Open the image as follows:
f = open('covers.jpg', 'rb') - Print the tags and keys as follows:
# Return Exif tags tags = exifread.process_file(f) print(tags.keys()) pprint.pprint(tags) f.close()
Refer to the following end result:
dict_keys(['EXIF Flash', 'Image Make', 'EXIF Contrast', 'EXIF DateTimeOriginal', 'Image ResolutionUnit', 'EXIF ComponentsConfiguration', 'EXIF ISOSpeedRatings', 'Image ExifOffset', 'Image ImageDescription', 'EXIF MaxApertureValue', 'EXIF ExposureBiasValue', 'Image YResolution', 'Image Orientation', 'EXIF DateTimeDigitized', 'EXIF MeteringMode', 'EXIF Sharpness', 'EXIF WhiteBalance', 'EXIF ExposureTime', 'Image Model', 'EXIF SceneCaptureType', 'Image Software', 'EXIF SceneType', 'EXIF SubjectDistanceRange', 'EXIF LightSource', 'EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', 'Image XResolution', 'Image DateTime', 'EXIF FileSource', 'EXIF ExposureProgram', 'EXIF FocalLength', 'EXIF FNumber', 'EXIF Saturation', 'EXIF ExifImageWidth', 'EXIF ExposureMode', 'EXIF DigitalZoomRatio', 'EXIF FlashPixVersion', 'EXIF ExifVersion', 'EXIF ColorSpace', 'EXIF CustomRendered', 'EXIF GainControl', 'EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel', 'EXIF ExifImageLength'])
{'EXIF ColorSpace': (0xA001) Short=sRGB @ 406,
'EXIF ComponentsConfiguration': (0x9101) Undefined=YCbCr @ 298,
'EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel': (0x9102) Ratio=2 @ 650,
'EXIF Contrast': (0xA408) Short=Normal @ 550,
'EXIF CustomRendered': (0xA401) Short=Normal @ 466,
'EXIF DateTimeDigitized': (0x9004) ASCII=0000:00:00 00:00:00 @ 630,
'EXIF DateTimeOriginal': (0x9003) ASCII=0000:00:00 00:00:00 @ 610,
'EXIF DigitalZoomRatio': (0xA404) Ratio=0 @ 682,
'EXIF ExifImageLength': (0xA003) Long=240 @ 430,
'EXIF ExifImageWidth': (0xA002) Long=940 @ 418,
'EXIF ExifVersion': (0x9000) Undefined=0220 @ 262,
'EXIF ExposureBiasValue': (0x9204) Signed Ratio=0 @ 658,
'EXIF ExposureMode': (0xA402) Short=Auto Exposure @ 478,
'EXIF ExposureProgram': (0x8822) Short=Program Normal @ 238,
'EXIF ExposureTime': (0x829A) Ratio=10/601 @ 594,
'EXIF FNumber': (0x829D) Ratio=14/5 @ 602,
'EXIF FileSource': (0xA300) Undefined=Digital Camera @ 442,
'EXIF Flash': (0x9209) Short=Flash fired, auto mode @ 370,
'EXIF FlashPixVersion': (0xA000) Undefined=0100 @ 394,
'EXIF FocalLength': (0x920A) Ratio=39/5 @ 674,
'EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm': (0xA405) Short=38 @ 514,
'EXIF GainControl': (0xA407) Short=None @ 538,
'EXIF ISOSpeedRatings': (0x8827) Short=50 @ 250,
'EXIF LightSource': (0x9208) Short=Unknown @ 358,
'EXIF MaxApertureValue': (0x9205) Ratio=3 @ 666,
'EXIF MeteringMode': (0x9207) Short=Pattern @ 346,
'EXIF Saturation': (0xA409) Short=Normal @ 562,
'EXIF SceneCaptureType': (0xA406) Short=Standard @ 526,
'EXIF SceneType': (0xA301) Undefined=Directly Photographed @ 454,
'EXIF Sharpness': (0xA40A) Short=Normal @ 574,
'EXIF SubjectDistanceRange': (0xA40C) Short=0 @ 586,
'EXIF WhiteBalance': (0xA403) Short=Auto @ 490,
'Image DateTime': (0x0132) ASCII=0000:00:00 00:00:00 @ 184,
'Image ExifOffset': (0x8769) Long=204 @ 126,
'Image ImageDescription': (0x010E) ASCII= @ 134,
'Image Make': (0x010F) ASCII=NIKON @ 146,
'Image Model': (0x0110) ASCII=E7900 @ 152,
'Image Orientation': (0x0112) Short=Horizontal (normal) @ 54,
'Image ResolutionUnit': (0x0128) Short=Pixels/Inch @ 90,
'Image Software': (0x0131) ASCII=E7900v1.1 @ 174,
'Image XResolution': (0x011A) Ratio=300 @ 158,
'Image YResolution': (0x011B) Ratio=300 @ 166}The code is in the img_metadata.py file in this book's code bundle.
- The Wikipedia page about EXIF at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format (retrieved December 2015)
- The documentation for ExifRead at https://github.com/ianare/exif-py (retrieved December 2015)
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