Appendix E
International Standards with Relevance to Photovoltaics
Standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 GENEVA 20, Switzerland. <www.iec.ch/>.
For documents of TC82 “Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems,” the technical committee responsible for PV, see Web site, <www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:23:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1276,25>.
An additional TC47 semiconductor devices subcommittee deals with, among other activities, PV cells from the component aspect and maintains a liaison between relevant committees. For a reference resource on standards, go to <www.pvresources.com/en/standards.php>.
IEC Standards
IEC 60364-7-712: 2002. Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7–712: Requirements for special installations or locations—Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems.
IEC 60891: 1987. Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I–V characteristics of crystalline silicon photovoltaic devices.
IEC 60904-1: 1987. Photovoltaic devices. Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current–voltage characteristics.
IEC 60904-2: 1989. Photovoltaic devices. Part 2: Requirements for reference solar cells.
IEC 60904-3: 1998. Photovoltaic devices. Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data.
IEC 60904-5: 1996. Photovoltaic devices. Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method.
IEC 60904-6: 1994. Photovoltaic devices. Part 6: Requirements for reference solar modules.
IEC 60904-7: 1987. Photovoltaic devices. Part 7: Computation of spectral mismatch error introduced in the testing of a photovoltaic device.
IEC 60904-8: 1998. Photovoltaic devices. Part 8: Measurement of spectral response of a photovoltaic (PV) device.
IEC 60904-9: 1995. Photovoltaic devices. Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements.
IEC 60904-10: 1998. Photovoltaic devices. Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement.
IEC 61173: 1992. Overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems. Guide.
IEC 61194: 1992. Characteristic parameters of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems.
IEC 61215: 1993. Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—design qualification and type approval.
IEC 61277: 1995. Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems. General and guide.
IEC 61345: 1998. UV test for photovoltaic (PV) modules.
IEC 61427: 1999. Secondary cells and batteries for solar photovoltaic energy systems. General requirements and methods of testing.
IEC 61646: 1996. Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—design qualification and type approval.
IEC 61683: 1999. Photovoltaic systems. Power conditioners. Procedure for measuring efficiency.
IEC 61701: 1995. Salt-mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules.
IEC 61702: 1995. Rating of direct coupled photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems.
IEC 61721: 1995. Susceptibility of a photovoltaic (PV) module to accidental impact damage (resistance to impact test).
IEC 61724: 1998. Photovoltaic system performance monitoring. Guidelines for measurement, data exchange, and analysis.
IEC 61725: 1997. Analytical expression for daily solar profiles.
IEC 61727: 1995. Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Characteristics of the utility interface.
IEC 61829: 1995. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) array. On-site measurement of I–V characteristics.
IEC/TR261836: 1997. Solar photovoltaic energy systems—Terms and symbols.
IEC/PAS 62111: 1999. Specifications for the use of renewable energies in rural decentralised electrification.
Draft IEC Standards
IEC 61215 Ed. 2.0. Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—Design qualification and type approval.
IEC 62116. Testing procedure of islanding prevention measures for grid connected photovoltaic power generating systems.
IEC 61727 Ed. 2.0. Characteristics of the utility interface for photovoltaic (PV) systems.
IEC 61730-1 Ed. 1.0. Photovoltaic module safety qualification—Part 1: Requirements for construction.
IEC 61730-2 Ed. 1.0. Photovoltaic module safety qualification—Part 2: Requirements for testing.
IEC 61836 TR Ed. 2.0. Solar photovoltaic energy systems—Terms and symbols.
IEC 61853 Ed. 1.0. Performance testing and energy rating of terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules.
IEC 62093 Ed. 1.0. Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems—Design qualification natural environments.
IEC 62108 Ed. 1.0. Concentrator photovoltaic (PV) receivers and modules—Design qualification and type approval.
IEC 62109 Ed. 1.0. Electrical safety of static inverters and charge controllers for use in photovoltaic (PV) power systems.
IEC 62116 Ed. 1.0. Testing procedure—Islanding prevention measures for power conditioners used in grid connected photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems.
IEC 62124 Ed. 1.0. Photovoltaic (PV) stand alone systems—Design verification.
IEC 62145 Ed. 1.0. Crystalline silicon PV modules—Blank detail specification.
IEC 62234 Ed. 1.0. Safety guidelines for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems mounted on buildings.
IEC 62253 Ed. 1.0. Direct coupled photovoltaic pumping systems—Design qualification and type approval.
IEC 62257 Ed. 1.0. Recommendations for the use of renewable energies in rural decentralised electrification.
IEC 62257-1 TS Ed. 1.0. Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification—Part 1: General introduction to rural electrification.
IEC 62257-2 TS Ed. 1.0. Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification—Part 2: From requirements to a range of electrification systems.
PNW 82-304 Ed. 1.0. Photovoltaic module safety qualification—Part 1: Requirements for construction.
PNW 82-306 Ed. 1.0. Photovoltaic module safety qualification—Part 2: Requirements for testing.
PNW 82-314 Ed. 1.0. Procedures for establishing the traceability of the calibration of photovoltaic reference devices.
ASTM Standards
Standards published by ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA 19428–2959; www.astm.org
E490–00a. Standard solar constant and zero air mass solar spectral irradiance tables.
E816–95. Standard test method for calibration of secondary reference pyrheliometers and pyrheliometers for field use.
E824–94. Standard test method for transfer of calibration from reference to field radiometers.
E913–82 (1999). Standard method for calibration of reference pyranometers with axis vertical by the shading method.
E941–83 (1999). Standard test method for calibration of reference pyranometers with axis tilted by the shading method.
E1362–99. Standard test method for calibration of non-concentrator photovoltaic secondary reference cells.
E1125–99. Standard test method for calibration of primary non-concentrator terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells using a tabular spectrum.
E948–95 (2001). Standard test method for electrical performance of photovoltaic cells using reference cells under simulated sunlight.
E973–02. Standard test method for determination of the spectral mismatch parameter between a photovoltaic device and a photovoltaic reference cell.
E973 M-96. Standard test method for determination of the spectral mismatch parameter between a photovoltaic device and a photovoltaic reference cell [metric].
E1040–98. Standard specification for physical characteristics of nonconcentrator terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells.
E1036 M-96e2. Standard test methods for electrical performance of nonconcentrator terrestrial photovoltaic modules and arrays using reference cells.
E1039–99. Standard test method for calibration of silicon non-concentrator photovoltaic primary reference cells under global irradiation.
E1830–01. Standard test methods for determining mechanical integrity of photovoltaic modules.
E1799–02. Standard practice for visual inspections of photovoltaic modules.
E1596–99. Standard test methods for solar radiation weathering of photovoltaic modules.
E1524–98. Standard test method for saltwater immersion and corrosion testing of photovoltaic modules for marine environments.
E1171–01. Standard test method for photovoltaic modules in cyclic temperature and humidity environments.
E1597–99. Standard test method for saltwater pressure immersion and temperature testing of photovoltaic modules for marine environments.
E1143–99. Standard test method for determining the linearity of a photovoltaic device parameter with respect to a test parameter.
E1021–95(2001). Standard test methods for measuring spectral response of photovoltaic cells.
E1802–01. Standard test methods for wet insulation integrity testing of photovoltaic modules.
E1462–00. Standard test methods for insulation integrity and ground path continuity of photovoltaic modules.
E1038–98. Standard test method for determining resistance of photovoltaic modules to hail by impact with propelled ice balls.
E2047–99. Standard test method for wet insulation integrity testing of photovoltaic arrays.
E1328–99. Standard terminology relating to photovoltaic solar energy conversion.
E927–91 (1997). Standard specification for solar simulation for terrestrial photovoltaic testing.
E2236–02. Standard test methods for measurement of electrical performance and spectral response of nonconcentrator multijunction photovoltaic cells and modules.
E1036–02. Standard test methods for electrical performance of nonconcentrator terrestrial photovoltaic modules and arrays using reference cells.
E782–95 (2001). Standard practice for exposure of cover materials for solar collectors to natural weathering under conditions simulating operational mode.
E881–92 (1996). Standard practice for exposure of solar collector cover materials to natural weathering under conditions simulating stagnation mode.
E822–92 (1996). Standard practice for determining resistance of solar collector covers to hail by impact with propelled ice balls.
G113–01. Standard terminology relating to natural and artificial weathering tests of nonmetallic materials.
G130–95. Standard test method for calibration of narrow- and broad-band ultraviolet radiometers using a spectroradiometer.
G138–96. Standard test method for calibration of a spectroradiometer using a standard source of irradiance.
G159–98. Standard tables for references solar spectral irradiance at air mass 1.5: direct normal and hemispherical for a 37° tilted surface.
Work item WK558. Reference solar spectral irradiances: Direct normal and hemispherical on 37 tilted surface.
Other Standards and Guidelines
Qualification test procedures for photovoltaic modules. Specification No. 503. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, 2011 <www.pvresources.com/en/standards.php>
ANSI/UL 1703. Standard for flat-plate photovoltaic modules and panels. American National Standards Institute, New York, USA, 1987. <www.ansi.org/>
UL 1741. Inverters, converters, and controllers for use in independent power systems. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. <www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/>
NFPA 70. National Electrical Code (NEC). 1999. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269, USA. <www.nfpa.org/index.asp?>
ISO/DIS 15387: 2002. Space systems. Space solar cells. Requirements, measurements and calibration procedures. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002. <www.iso.ch/>