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Material
High-Pressure Laminates
High-pressure laminates consist of many layers of phenolic resin-impregnated kraft paper
faced with a melamine-impregnated decorative layer. The high temperatures and pressure at
which they are set form a durable and homogenous material that is ideal for doors, cabinets,
counters, and many other interior surfaces that receive extensive use. They are not impervi-
ous to staining, however, and cannot withstand extreme heat.
The classification of plastic laminates, their fabrication, and grading are outlined by the
National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
Low-Pressure Laminates
Low-pressure laminates consist of four layers of material. A backer sheet is attached to a thin
particleboard substrate, which is then faced with a decorative surface made of paper and a
melamine resin. The resultant assembly is thermoset, or thermally fused, and ready for use.
Low-pressure laminates serve mainly to protect the interior surfaces in items such as shelv-
ing, cupboards, and panels. They are not especially durable and are therefore not specified for
situations where high-impact use is expected.
phenolic kraft papers
decorative sheet
overlay
overlay
decorative sheet
substrate
backer sheet
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THE INTERIOR DESIGN REFERENCE + SPECIFICATION BOOK
VENEER CUTTING METHODS
Cut Description
Rotary Cut
Plain Slicing
Half-round Slicing
Quarter Slicing
Rift Cut
Lengthwise Slicing
VENEERS
Veneers are very thin slices of wood that are glued to a backing material for use in millwork
(woodwork, such as doors, window casings, and baseboards) and other elements in an interi-
or. Veneer can be sourced from a number of wood species, and irregularities such as diseases
in the wood can lead to beautiful figuring in the final product. Veneers are available in various
grades, which affect price and application.
Veneer is manufactured in a semiautomated process. A log is debarked, then readied for
cutting. Very thin layers are sliced off the log. Different cuts and techniques produce a wide
range of patterning and texture. Once the cuts have been made, the resulting fitches (a bundle
of veneers arranged in the same order as they were cut from a log) are dried and bundled,
clipped and joined, to make dimensioned sheets.
HGP
horizontal
postforming
Laminate Locations
HGS general purpose
CLS cabinet liner
BKL
backing sheet
VGP
vertical
postforming
CLS cabinet liner
BKL
backing sheet
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Material
VENEER CUTTING METHODS
Cut Description
Rotary Cut The log is centered on a rotating lathe and turned against a
blade. This process can produce single-sheet (one piece) faces.
Plain Slicing The log is sliced parallel to its center. The result is an elongated
cathedral pattern from the exposure of the innermost growth
rings.
Half-round Slicing The log is sliced as close to parallel to its center as possible.
The resultant cathedrals are wider and atter than in plain slic-
ing, producing a veneer called at cut.
Quarter Slicing The log is cut perpendicular to its center. The resultant grain is
straight in appearance.
Rift Cut The log is sliced at a slight angle to produce a more even grain.
Rift cuts occur only in oak logs, due to irregularities in the wood.
Lengthwise Slicing Planed and atsawn lumber is passed over a stationary knife to
produce a variegated gure.
VENEERS
Veneers are very thin slices of wood that are glued to a backing material for use in millwork
(woodwork, such as doors, window casings, and baseboards) and other elements in an interi-
or. Veneer can be sourced from a number of wood species, and irregularities such as diseases
in the wood can lead to beautiful figuring in the final product. Veneers are available in various
grades, which affect price and application.
Veneer is manufactured in a semiautomated process. A log is debarked, then readied for
cutting. Very thin layers are sliced off the log. Different cuts and techniques produce a wide
range of patterning and texture. Once the cuts have been made, the resulting fitches (a bundle
of veneers arranged in the same order as they were cut from a log) are dried and bundled,
clipped and joined, to make dimensioned sheets.
HGP
horizontal
postforming
Rotary Cut Plain Slicing Half-round Quarter Slicing Rift Cut
HGS general purpose
CLS cabinet liner
BKL
backing sheet
CLS cabinet liner
BKL
backing sheet
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THE INTERIOR DESIGN REFERENCE + SPECIFICATION BOOK
Veneer Assembly
Book Match: Consecutive veneers are
flipped as they are assembled, as though
in a book. The result is a series of mir-
rored grains.
Slip Match: Flitches are lined up in the
order they are taken from the log. The
straighter the grain, the less obvious the
seams.
Reverse Slip Match: Every other leaf is
rotated 180 degrees to invert the cathe-
dral patterns.
Random Match: Undesired repetitions—
such as knots—are spread evenly across
the sheet. This type of veneer is chosen
subjectively.
Pleasing Match: Flitches are arranged by
color consistency, rather than grain match.
Veneer Backing
Veneers must be reinforced with a backing material to be applied to a substrate. Each back-
ing offers different properties, most notably their bend radius.
Backing Description Bend Radius
Paper
Wood
Phenolic
Irregular Veneers
Veneers are also made from parts of the tree that may not be easily sliced, or from parts of
wood that have diseases and other malignant growths. The resultant veneers contain some
of the more beautiful patterns due to this irregularity. These veneers are known variously as
bird’s-eye, burled, and flamed.
Rotary Cut Tamo
Quartersawn Lacewood
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Material
Veneer Backing
Veneers must be reinforced with a backing material to be applied to a substrate. Each back-
ing offers different properties, most notably their bend radius.
Backing Description Bend Radius
Paper
A single sheet of 10-mil or 20-mil paper is
applied evenly to the back of the veneer to
provide an adhesive surface.
1
/
2
" (13) radius
Wood
2-ply: A lesser grade wood veneer is applied
to the back of the veneer. 3-ply: A face ve-
neer is backed with paper and then a lesser
grade wood is applied to the paper.
3
/
4
" (19) radius
Phenolic Phenolic resin paper is applied to the back
of the veneer. Typically used when the
substrate has irregularities, this backing
increases stability and durability.
1
1
/
2
" (38)
radius min.
Irregular Veneers
Veneers are also made from parts of the tree that may not be easily sliced, or from parts of
wood that have diseases and other malignant growths. The resultant veneers contain some
of the more beautiful patterns due to this irregularity. These veneers are known variously as
bird’s-eye, burled, and flamed.
Rotary Cut Tamo
Redwood Burl Quartersawn Zebrawood
Quartersawn Lacewood Maple Burl
Bird’s-eye Maple
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