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THE INTERIOR DESIGN REFERENCE + SPECIFICATION BOOK
Chapter 19: Sustainability Guidelines
Sustainable design is a holistic approach that combines the thoughtful selection
of renewable and recycled materials and energy-conserving building systems and
appliances with design choices that result in the healthiest possible environment
for the occupants. Not only does such an approach allow the designer to reduce
environmental impacts, it can also lower operating costs and create interiors that
foster higher productivity and overall well-being.
Given the myriad issues that fall under the green agenda, benchmarking systems
and checklists are often used to identify potential strategies and to track them
during the design process. The most popular benchmarking system in the United
States is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), developed by the
U.S. Green Building Council, a nonprot organization dedicated to the promotion of
sustainable building. The LEED point system is organized into ve content catego-
ries, four of which are of particular relevance to interior designers: water efciency,
energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality.
RESOURCE CONSERVATION
One way that sustainable design is mindful of the environment is by designing and furnishing
buildings to reduce water and energy consumption. Low-ow toilets and low-pressure shower
heads can be specied to reduce water demand. Tankless water heaters that instantly supply
hot water eliminate the need to store heated water or to run the water until the desired tempera-
ture is achieved.
Electric demand can be reduced with the use of dimmers, occupancy sensors, and uorescent
and low-voltage lighting. Lights in small spaces like closets and pantries should turn off auto-
matically when the door is closed. Electric loads can be further minimized if the lighting is zoned
and designed to be task-specic; for instance, lighting the surface over a kitchen work counter
is more efcient than illuminating the entire room. In addition, designers should always specify
Energy Star–rated appliances or those with equivalent high performance standards.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Indoor air quality can be greatly improved by reducing or
(VOCs), the toxic chemi
a process known as off-gassing. The biggest offenders are formaldehyde-based products.
Common sources of VOCs include paint, adhesives, sealants, solvents, urethane (used as a
wood oor nish), particleboard (used for furniture and cabinets), and carpet. Many of these
products come in low-VOC versions, or designers can s
increasingly wide range of companies. Houseplants, too, can help mitigate the effect of VOCs
in the environment: A single spider plant or philodendron will absorb VOCs within a
(1 520
than reduce the need for articial lighting. Well-lit spaces with a combination of diffuse and
direct natural light have been shown to improve the health and productivity of their occupants.
Other strategies that can contribute to indoor environmental quality include monitoring carbon
dioxide, increasing ventilation, and providing thermal comfort.
RENEWABLE, RECYCLED, AND RECLAIMED PRODUCTS
A green design agenda must also consider the use of renewable, recycled, and reclaimed re-
sources.
been certied by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) as neither endangered nor genetically
modied nor originating from tree farms that have replaced forest land. Recycled materials
can be found in numerous products on the market today that use
uct that has been used and is recycled for resuse in another consumer product) as part of the
manufacturing process, from recycled plastic carpets and carpet backings to crushed-glass
or cement-based solid surfacing.
and recycling the waste products—from household use, manufacturing, agriculture, and busi-
ness—and thereby reducing their burden on the environment. (Of course, designers should
also promote recycling by providing ample, convenient space for recycling bins in the home or
WATER ENERGY MATERIALS INDOOR AIR QUALIT Y
Text
PRACTICAL IDEAS FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Use multilamp or electronic uorescent ballasts whenever possible.
Separate switches to allow exibility of articial light during daylight and nondaylight hours.
Include dimmers in rooms greater than
Incorporate occupancy sensors so that lights turn off automatically when a room is not occupied.
Incorporate daylight sensors with spaces that have skylights or clerestories.
Reduce overall room illumination while concentrating on task lighting.
Limit the use of incandescent and halogen lights to where good color rendering is essential.
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States is LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), developed by the
U.S. Green Building Council, a nonprot organization dedicated to the promotion of
ries, four of which are of particular relevance to interior designers: water efciency,
energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality.
hot water eliminate the need to store heated water or to run the water until the desired tempera-
matically when the door is closed. Electric loads can be further minimized if the lighting is zoned
is more efcient than illuminating the entire room. In addition, designers should always specify
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Indoor air quality can be greatly improved by reducing or eliminating volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), the toxic chemicals emitted from common building and home furnishing products in
a process known as off-gassing. The biggest offenders are formaldehyde-based products.
Common sources of VOCs include paint, adhesives, sealants, solvents, urethane (used as a
wood oor nish), particleboard (used for furniture and cabinets), and carpet. Many of these
products come in low-VOC versions, or designers can specify alternative products from an
increasingly wide range of companies. Houseplants, too, can help mitigate the effect of VOCs
in the environment: A single spider plant or philodendron will absorb VOCs within a 5-foot
(1 520 millimeter) radius. The careful management of natural daylight in a space can do more
than reduce the need for articial lighting. Well-lit spaces with a combination of diffuse and
direct natural light have been shown to improve the health and productivity of their occupants.
Other strategies that can contribute to indoor environmental quality include monitoring carbon
dioxide, increasing ventilation, and providing thermal comfort.
RENEWABLE, RECYCLED, AND RECLAIMED PRODUCTS
A green design agenda must also consider the use of renewable, recycled, and reclaimed re-
sources. Renewable sources include fast-growing and responsibly harvested woods that have
been certied by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) as neither endangered nor genetically
modied nor originating from tree farms that have replaced forest land. Recycled materials
can be found in numerous products on the market today that use postconsumer waste (a prod-
uct that has been used and is recycled for resuse in another consumer product) as part of the
manufacturing process, from recycled plastic carpets and carpet backings to crushed-glass
or cement-based solid surfacing. Preconsumer waste is the process of recovering, reusing,
and recycling the waste products—from household use, manufacturing, agriculture, and busi-
ness—and thereby reducing their burden on the environment. (Of course, designers should
also promote recycling by providing ample, convenient space for recycling bins in the home or
Text
PRACTICAL IDEAS FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Use multilamp or electronic uorescent ballasts whenever possible.
Separate switches to allow exibility of articial light during daylight and nondaylight hours.
Include dimmers in rooms greater than 100 square feet (9.3 square meters).
Incorporate occupancy sensors so that lights turn off automatically when a room is not occupied.
Incorporate daylight sensors with spaces that have skylights or clerestories.
Reduce overall room illumination while concentrating on task lighting.
Limit the use of incandescent and halogen lights to where good color rendering is essential.
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Chapter 20: Manual Resources
This book scratches the surface of what the interior design process encompasses.
Beyond the present volume, there are a number of publications with which the de-
signer should be familiar. The start of any designer’s education is a good resource
library. The list that follows is by no means exhaustive, but all these texts—some
of which have served as references for this book—expand on the themes ad-
dressed here and form the basis of a strong reference library.
GENERAL REFERENCE
Interior Design, 4th ed.
Interior Design and Decoration, 8th ed.
Interior Design Visual Presention: A Guide to
Graphics, Models and Presentation Techniques,
4th ed.
Interior Graphic and Design Standards
Interior Graphic Standards
Time-Saver Standards for Interior Design and
Space Planning, 2nd ed.
FUNDAMENTALS
Architectural Graphics, 5th ed.
bins in the home or ofce.) Reclaimed goods are available from many companies that handle
and make it easy to purchase and reinstall salvaged materials. In all cases, designers must
be cognizant of local economies of labor and supplies.
PROFESSIONAL CREDENTIALS AND SUSTAINABILITY
Credentialing system for LEED accreditation:
1. LEED Green Associate—for professionals with a basic understanding of green building
systems and technologies. This is the first credential needed to become a LEED AP.
2. LEED Acredited Professional (AP) with Specialty–there are five types of specialties in
the LEED AP category:
Building Design + Construction (BD + C)
Interior Design + Construction (ID +C)
Operations and Maintenance (O + M)
Homes
Neighborhood Development (ND)
Note: LEED project experience is required to be able to sit for any of the LEED AP
speciality exams
3. LEED Fellow–signifies a level that demonstrates advanced accomplishments,
experience and proficiency in LEED practices and principles.
ADDITIONAL SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES
Cradle-to-Cradle design (also referred to as C2C, or regenerative design) is a holistic econom-
ic, industrial, and social framework that seeks to create systems that are not only efcient but
also essentially waste free. The model in its broadest sense is not limited to industrial design
and manufacturing; it can be applied to many aspects of human civilization such as urban
environments, buildings, economics, and social systems.
Living Building Challenge is a philosophy, advocacy tool and certication program that pro-
motes the most advanced measurement of sustainability in the built environment possible
today. It can be applied to development at all scales, from buildings—both new construction
and renovation, to infrastructure, landscapes, and neighborhoods. Living Building Challenge
comprises of seven performance areas: site, water, energy, health, materials, equity,
and beauty.
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