Appendix A
Algebraic Properties
Associative Property of Addition: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Associative Property of Multiplication: (ab)c = a(bc)
Commutative Property of Addition: a + b = b + a
Commutative Property of Multiplication: ab = ba
Additive Identity: a + 0 = 0 + a = a
Multiplicative Identity: a(1) = 1(a) = a
Additive Inverse: a + (–a) = –a + a = 0
Multiplicative Inverse:
Distributive Property: a(b + c) = ab + ac
Symmetric Property: If a = b, then b = a.
Transitive Property: If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
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