1. The application layer
2. The reason why we have to replace the IPv4 system with IPv6 is because the internet is running out of IPv4 address space, and IPv6 provides an exponentially large number of IP addresses
3. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
4. Network Address Translation (NAT)
5. Conda and pip
6. virtualenv
7. The urllib and requests packages
8. The socket module
9. pyshark
10. The apply_on_packets() method is the main way to iterate through the packets, passing in a function to apply to each packet