The greatest compilations of spontaneous ignition (autoignition) temperature are those of Mullins [AGARDOgraph No. 4 (1955)] and Zabetakis [US Bur, Mines Bulletin 627 (1965)]. These data have been collated and are given with permission in this appendix. The largest compilation is that of Mullins, and consequently his general format of presenting the data is followed. There have been many methods of measuring ignition temperatures, and the results from different measurements have not necessarily been self-consistent. Mullins lists the various results, a reference to the technique used, and the reporting investigators. Since various techniques have not been discussed in the text, these references have been omitted from the data which are reproduced here, and only the reported ignition temperatures are presented.
All temperatures are reported in degrees centigrade. The delay period, where known, is in milliseconds and follows the temperature in parentheses. If no delay time appears, then the spontaneous ignition time was either not specifiable, not specified or determined by the manner shown in Figure 1 of Chapter 7, and probably always in excess of 1000 ms. All data are for atmospheric pressure with the exception of the vitiated air data for acetylene and hydrogen, which are for 0.9 atm. When there was a significant difference between the values reported by Mullins and Zabetakis, the values given by Zabetakis were added to the reorganized Mullins compilation. This value is designated by the letter z following the temperature. When the original Mullins listing reported two or more values within 2 degrees of each other, then only one value has been presented. If there are large differences between the reported values, the reader is urged to refer to Mullins and Zabetakis for the method and original source. Additional data are available in the Ignition Handbook by Babrauskas (Fire Science Publishers, Issaquah, WA 2003) and from Kuchta [US Bur. Mines Bulletin 680 (1985)].
Table G1
Spontaneous Ignition Temperature Data
Fuel
Oxygen
Air
Vitiated Air
Acetal
174
230
768 (20), 957 (1)
Acetaldehyde
140, 159
185, 275, 175z
869 (20), 1088 (1)
Acetanilide
546
Acetic acid
570, 490
599, 550, 566, 465z
Acetic anhydride
361
392, 401
Acetone
568, 485
700, 727, 561, 538, 569, 465z
871 (20), 1046 (1)
Acetone cyanohydrin
688
Acetonitrile
1000 (20), 1059 (10)
Acetonylacetone
493, 340z,
816 (20), 996 (1)
Acetophenone
570z
Acetylchloride
390z
Acetylene
296
305, 335
623 (20), 826 (1)
Acetyl oxide (see Acetic anhydride)
Acrolein
278, 235z
712(10), 859 (1)
Acrylaldehyde (see Acrolein)
Acrylonitrile
460
481
Adipic acid
420z
Aldol
277, 248
Allyl alcohol
348
389
767 (20), 979 (1)
Allylamine
374
Allyl bromide
295
Allyl chloride
404
487, 392
Allyl ether
200
749 (10), 927 (1)
Aminobenzene (see Aniline)
o-Aminodiphenyl
450z
Table Continued
Fuel
Oxygen
Air
Vitiated Air
2-Aminoethanol (see Monoethanolamine)
Aminoethylethanolamine
369
Ammonia
651
n-Amyl acetate
399, 360z, 378
i-Amyl acetate
379, 360z
n-Amyl alcohol
390, 332
409, 427, 327, 300z
806 (20), 990 (1)
i-Amyl alcohol
518, 343, 353, 350z
818 (20), 1013 (1)
s-Amyl alcohol
343–385
t-Amyl alcohol
437
814 (20), 995 (1)
Amyl benzene
255
n-Amyl chloride
259
t-Amyl chloride
343
n-Amylene
273
n-Amyl ether
170z
i-Amyl ether
428
Amylmethyl ketone
311
Amyl nitrate
195z
524 (20), 798 (1)
Amyl nitrite
210z
496 (20), 910 (1)
i-Amyl nitrite
437 (10), 918 (1)
n-Amyl propionate
380z
Aniline
530
770, 628, 530, 617, 593 (6000)
907(20), 1065 (2)
o-Anisidine
787 (20), 1039 (1)
Anisole
560
744 (20), 1025 (1)
Anthracene
580
472, 540z
Antifebrin (see Acetanilide)
Banana oil (see i-Amyl acetate)
Benzaldehyde
168
180, 192
744 (20), 936 (1)
Table Continued
Fuel
Oxygen
Air
Vitiated Air
Benzene
662, 690, 566
740, 656, 580, 645, 592 (42000), 560z
814 (20), 1000 (1)
Benzene carbonal (see Benzaldehyde)
Benzoic acid
475, 556
573
Benzyl acetate
588, 461
767 (20), 1019 (1)
Benzyl alcohol
373
502, 436
807 (20), 1007 (1)
Benzyl benzoate
480z
Benzyl cellosolve (see Ethyleneglycolmonobenzyl ether)
Benzyl chloride
627, 585z
Benzyl ethanoate (see Benzyl acetate)
Benzylethyl ether
496
Bicyclohexyl
245z
Biphenyl
577 (36000), 540z
2-Biphenylamine
450z
Bromobenzene
688, 565z
858 (20), 1046 (1)
1-Bromobutane (see n-Butyl bromide)
Bromoethane (see Ethyl bromide)
1,3-Butadiene
335
418
n-Butaldehyde (see n-Butyraldehyde)
n-Butane
283
408, 430 (6000), 405z
i-Butane
319
462, 543, 477 (18000)
1,3-Butandiol
395z
2,3-Butanedione (see Diacetyl)
1-Butanol (see n-Butyl alcohol))
2-Butanol (see s-Butyl alcohol)
2-Butanone (see Methylethyl ketone)
Table Continued
Fuel
Oxygen
Air
Vitiated Air
2-Butenal (see Crotonaldehyde)
1-Butene
310z
384
2-Butene
435, 325z
2-Butanol (see s-Butyl alcohol)
2-Butoxyethanol (see Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
n-Butyl acetate
423
793 (20), 1040 (1)
n-Butyl alcohol
385, 328
450, 503, 367, 359 (18000)
809 (20), 993 (1)
i-Butyl alcohol
364
542, 441, 414
794 (20), 1010 (1)
s-Butyl alcohol
377
414, 405z
833 (20), 990 (1)
t-Butyl alcohol
460
478, 483, 480z
n-Butylamine
312
i-Butylamine
374
t-Butylamine
380z
n-Butylbenzene
412, 444 (6000)
i-Butylbenzene
428, 456 (12000)
s-Butylbenzene
443, 420z, 447 (18000)
t-Butylbenzene
448, 477 (72000)
779 (20), 1000 (1)
2-Butylbiphenyl
433 (12000)
n-Butyl bromide
483, 316, 265z
Butyl carbinol (see i-Amyl alcohol)
Butyl carbitol
228
Butyl carbitol acetate
299
Butyl cellosolve (see Ethyleneglycolmonobutyl ether)