Nomenclature
PI Proportional integral
BEM Blade element momentum
MPPT Maximum power point tracking
IGBT Insulated gate bipolar transistor
AC Alternative current
DC Direct current
PMSG Permanent magnet synchronous generator
SEIG Self-excited induction generator
SCIG Squirrel-cage induction generator
DFIG Doubly-fed induction generator
GSC Grid-side converter
RSC Rotor-side converter
ISC Indirect speed controller
DSC Direct speed controller
STATCOM Static synchronous condenser
FOC Field-oriented control
IFOC Indirect field–oriented control
DTC Direct torque control
DTFC Direct torque and flux control
PLL Phase-locked loop
PWM Pulse width modulation
FHC Flux hysteresis controller
THC Torque hysteresis controller
Flxc Flux controller
Torc Torque controller
NPC Neutral point clamped
DTC-SVPWM Direct torque control space vector pulse width modulation
d, q Quantities in d-axis and q-axis
α, β Quantities in a-axis and b-axis
s, r Stator and rotor
C DC-link capacitance (F)
MI Modulation index
Pm Mechanical power of the wind turbine (W)
Ps Stator active power (W)
Qs Stator reactive power (VAR)
Pr Rotor active power (W)
Qr Rotor reactive power (VAR)
Pn Nominal power
vn Nominal wind speed
β Pitch angle (o)
Cp Aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine
Ρ Density area (kg/m3)
S Swept area of the wind turbine blades (m2)
R Radius of the turbine (m)
V Wind speed (m/s)
Ωm Mechanical speed of the turbine (rad/s)
Ωm,opt Optimum angular speed (rad)
Λ Tip speed ratio
VPWM Voltage of the PWM
Vπ Full-wave voltage
Vm Modulating voltage
Vp Carrier voltage
V1 RMS value of the fundamental voltage
Vrms RMS value of the output voltage
Mc Inverter capacity index
Mc,max Maximum capacity index
MImax Maximum amplitude index
Ak Magnitude of each spectral component
wk Angular speed (rad/s)
θk Phase angle (rad)
Pn Nominal power (W)
βref Reference of pitch angle
vdc DC voltage
ƒp Carrier frequency
ƒr Fundamental frequency of the inverter output variables
Ar Fundamental peak value of the desired load voltage
Ap Amplitude of the output voltage
mf Modulation index
vsd,vsq Stator voltage components in the Park system
ωs Synchronous speed
φsd, φsq Stator flux components in d-axis and q-axis of the Park frame
isd, isq Stator current components in d-axis and q-axis of the Park frame
vrd, vrq Rotor voltage components in the Park system
ωr Rotor speed
φrd, φrq Rotor flux components in d-axis and q-axis of the Park frame
ird, irq Rotor current components in d-axis and q-axis of the Park frame
Tem Electromagnetic torque (N/m)
Tm Mechanical torque (N/m)
J, fc Inertia and viscous friction coefficient, respectively
G Gain of the multiplier
σ Coefficient of Blondel
R, L Resistance and inductance of load, respectively
Lls, Llr Leakage inductances of stator and rotor windings, respectively
Lm Mutual inductance
ϕsn Nominal stator flux
δ Angle of stator flux
|φs| Module of stator flux Vref Reference voltage
Vs RMS voltage
S Laplace operator