Chapter 3
Explosive and general oxidative characteristics of fuels
Abstract
Chain branching reactions and the criteria for explosion are presented. The explosion limits and oxidative characteristics of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are described first, as they are both simple fuels and intermediates formed during hydrocarbon oxidation. A brief review of organic nomenclature is presented prior to describing explosion limits and the general characteristics of low- and high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons. The high-temperature oxidation mechanisms of aldehydes, methane, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, biofuels, and aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed. Finally, a brief analysis of supercritical effects on hydrocarbon oxidation is presented.
Keywords
Carbon monoxide oxidation; Cool flames; Explosion limits; High-temperature hydrocarbon oxidation; Hydrogen oxidation; Low-temperature hydrocarbon oxidation; Negative temperature coefficient3.1. Introduction
In the previous chapters, the fundamental areas of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics were reviewed. These areas provide the background for the study of very fast reacting systems, termed explosions. In order for flames (deflagrations) or detonations to propagate, the reaction kinetics must be fast—that is, the mixture must be explosive.
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