B
backpropagation algorithm,
20–38
neural net structure,
21–3
strategies for neural network,
26–32
training optimisation,
30–2
weight factors initialisation,
27–8
structure and capacity,
25–6
training parameters determination,
32–8
multistage training,
34–5
neural network structure,
36–7
yarn characteristic prediction,
37–8
bi-linear approximation,
277
2D colour pattern design,
290–1
CAB Design software user interface,
293
coding and unit cell,
290
diagonal colour effects tubular sample,
292
flat braided fabrics graphical user interface,
294
yarns and braiding angles,
291
simulated flat braided structures,
295
simulated tubular braided structures,
295
properties of simulation,
296
Wisetex graphical interface,
297
Wisetex simulated 3D image,
298
Wisetex unit cell calculation,
297
geometrical and mechanical modeling principles,
268–71
C
evolution process result after four generations,
105
outside result areas,
126
circumferential elasticity module,
277
modelling in polyester dyeing,
132–3
predicted
vs. actual for PET fabrics,
13
fibre element fibres resolution,
251
theoretical vs experimental results on carded yarns and rovings,
254
computational fluid dynamics (CFD), , ,
268
application advice,
167–8
fabrics heat resistance,
165–6
fabrics permeability,
164–5
melt-electrospinning,
160–1
number of publications in compendex database,
160
staple fibre spinning,
162–3
advantage of process development by simulation
vs. conventional methods,
158
cost of process optimisation
vs. process quality, technology and simulation,
157
simulation of currents with fibres, yarns and textiles,
151–3
validation methods,
153–6
constitutive equations,
181–3
predicted and measure degree for eight input factors,
57
interpolative mode in the Kohenen layer,
44–5
learning in the Kohonen layer,
41–2
graphical representation of a network,
46
training of the Grossberg layer,
45
weight factors of the Kohonen layer,
43–4
simulation with fibres, yarns and textiles,
151–3
different methods to model a fibre or yarn in a current,
152
E
commonly used elements families,
194
elements with different order,
195
membranes, plates and shells,
199–202
axisymmetric case elements,
202
Munich Olympic stadium,
201
section view and degrees of freedom,
200
multilayer structures and composites elements,
204
deformed monofilament,
203
plain weft knitted structure,
204
ring spinning spindle,
203
2D and 3D beam degrees of freedom,
199
2nd order shape function and midpoint node,
197
paragliders principal stress,
198
plane weave structure,
200
trusses in 2D and 3D degrees of freedom,
195
warp knitted structure adjustment,
199
weft knitted structures modelling,
198
constitutive equations,
181–3
normal and shear stresses directions,
182
equilibrium equations,
183–4
deformed state illustration,
183
kinematic relations during deformations,
179
line elongation vs displacement,
179
static calculation illustration,
178
emotion-based textile indexing,
62–3
engineering shear strain,
180
Euler-Langrange approach,
145
development of best fitness score,
85
evolution strategy with independent populations,
86
mathematical model,
79–91
backpropagation network structure,
81
evolutionary algorithm principle,
82
published papers in evolutionary methods,
80
selection pressure and population waves,
89–90
steps during evolution,
90
applications to textile technology,
93–105
ANN structure improvement,
104–6
carpet pattern design,
103–4
staple fibre spinning,
102–3
staple fibre yarn spinning,
106–8
vs. iteration processes,
92–3
application advice,
108–9
application to textile technology,
72–109
biological background,
73–9
chemical basics of inheritance,
76–7
genotype and phenotype,
77–9
evolutionary algorithms applications,
93–105
generating offspring by crossing-over and mutation,
91
mathematical model of evolution strategy,
79–91
experimenter searching for the optimum,
73
global stochastic search,
73
local deterministic search,
74
local stochastic search,
74
applications to textile technology,
6–7
extended finite element method (X-FEM),
217
F
calculated outputs
vs. actual values,
59
predicted
vs. observed,
13
fibre packing density,
225–6
definitions and quality-related factors,
223–5
cotton, polyester and steel tensile strength,
225
equivalent diameter derivation description,
224
fibre with main parameters,
223
examples of models,
263–4
parallel fibre bundles mechanics,
258–63
breaking strain graphical representation,
262
fibre bundle with two components,
259
fibre bundles variables,
259
two component parameters marking,
260
two fibre types force-strain curves,
261
stress-strain relations,
242–5
helical fibre element load,
244
volume, density and mass,
225–8
areal interpretation,
226–7
fibre packing density,
226
fibrous assembly schematic,
226
flat box fibrous assembly,
227
mass interpretation,
227–8
packing density values,
227
finite element method (FEM), , ,
268
membranes, plates and shells,
199–202
multilayer structures and composites elements,
204
error estimation and refinement,
205–7
open source and free FEM packages,
214–15
textile FEM preprocessors,
215
mechanical systems modelling,
174–93
elasticity theory for calculations,
178–84
explicit vs implicit integration,
187–90
mechanical problem types,
176–8
static equilibrium and element stiffness matrix,
184–7
typical FEM software structure,
190,
192–3
geometric nonlinearities,
207–9
material laws and nonlinearities,
209–12
other nonlinearities,
213
part with nonlinear geometry,
173
textile technology applications,
172–217
degrees of truth determination,
122
flyer roving fineness,
127
operating hours of traveller,
128
applications in textile technology,
132–8
classifying dyeing defects,
134–5
colour yield modelling in polyester dyeing,
132–3
correlation between actual and predicted values,
13
fabric lustre classification,
133–4
fibre and yarn relationship prediction,
137
garment drape prediction,
135–6
intelligent diagnosis system for fabric inspection,
132
modelling of false-twist texturing yarn,
133
warp tension determination in weaving,
134
yarn properties prediction in meltspinning,
136–7
four input and one output variable,
127–32
input and output variable,
127–32
controller principle,
113
number of published papers on controllers related to textile technology,
114
representation for air temperature,
113
vs. probabilistic logic,
120
fuzzy logic controllers,
113
H
Hamburger blending theory,
259
general fibre helix coil schematic,
237
general fibre trajectory,
234
number of fibres ands shortening,
237–9
differential annulus in cross-section,
238
radial packing density,
237
helical fibre element before and after elongation,
242
over-saturated yarn coil formation phases,
242
saturated twist graphical representation,
241
hot-wire anemometry (HWA),
155–6
Hughes–Liu beam element,
197
K
geometrical and mechanical modeling principle,
268–71
keypoints in knitted structures,
300
warp knitting examples,
301,
303
weft knitting examples,
300
KnitGeo Modeller geometry,
301
realistic simulations with tuck stitches,
302
Shima Seiki realistic simulations,
302
WeftKnit 3D geometry,
301
knowledge-based models,
4–6
empirical corrections,
248
training elements in two-dimensional space,
42
unfavourable distribution in two dimensional space,
43
weight vectors in two dimensional space,
41
K–ω turbulence model,
150
M
determination of resulting area,
124
determination of resulting areas,
124
mean of maximum method,
125
mechanical systems modelling,
174–93
elasticity theory for calculations,
178–84
constitutive equations,
181–3
equilibrium equations,
183–4
explicit vs implicit integration,
187–90
mechanical problem types,
176–8
actual object and its FEM model illustration,
175
dynamical calculation illustration,
177
static equilibrium and element stiffness matrix,
184–7
point displacement in finite element,
184
typical FEM software structure,
190,
192–3
basic calculation steps and modules,
192
melt-electrospinning,
160–1
yarn properties prediction,
136–7
membership functions for extruder screw and winding speed,
13
micro-computer tomography,
268
minimum bundle tenacity,
262
different kinds of computer models,
3–4
proper problem/solver type,
206
influence on training,
34
Mooney-Rivlin Rubber,
212
multi-scale approach,
304
multistage training,
34–5
gradual weight change over time,
36
typical result for a scenario with five stages,
35
typical values for a scenario with five stages,
35
evolutionary progress importance,
98–9
influence on evolution process,
99
influence on final result,
97
backpropagation network structure,
21
information flow within a neuron,
22
airbag fabrics design,
59–60
cotton fabrics spirality,
56–7
draw-winding process,
51–2
emotion-based textile indexing,
62–3
number of published papers in textiles,
48
pattern recognition,
48–9
predicted
vs. actual LAP,
50
protective textiles,
61–2
textile fabrics appearance,
57–8
textile fabrics thermal resistance and thermal conductivity,
60–1
worsted yarns hairiness,
50–1
yarn breakage rate during weaving,
55–6
applications practical advice,
63–7
input parameters significance,
63–4
backpropagation algorithm,
20–38
biological background,
9–13
neurons transmission,
11–13
models, artificial,
13–20
P
partial differential equations,
173
partially oriented yarns (POY),
35–6
particle image velocimetry (PIV),
154–5
pattern recognition,
48–9
comparison of classification result for neps,
49
neural network training process,
16
linear divisibility problem,
17–18
network design principle,
15
changing environment effect on individual fitness,
79
Picanol weaving machine,
334
pressure-thickness curve,
277
proportional-integral-derivative (PID),
115
protective textiles,
61–2
predicted
vs. measured values for dissipated energy,
62
predicted
vs. measured values for penetration depth,
62
S
second order elements,
193
selection pressure,
89–90
shear–stress transport
k – w model,
150
currents with fibres, yarns and textiles,
151–3
different methods to model a fibre or yarn in a current,
152
fibrous structures and yarns,
222–64
definitions and quality-related factors,
223–5
fibrous assemblies,
225–8
internal yarn geometry,
234–42
parallel fibre bundles,
258–63
stress-strain relations,
242–5
yarn properties mechanical model,
249–58
yearn count, twist, packing density and diameter,
245–8
geometrical and mechanical modeling principles,
268–71
braided rope MicroCT,
270
geometry generation methods,
269
textile structures deterministic models,
269
influence of the number of nodes on the model,
144
machine settings and product quality,
310–12
plant layout and production planning,
341–5
rolling and dyeing,
340–1
yarn production and processing,
312–24
with and without computer,
2–3
braided structures,
290–7
specific surface area,
224
spinning preparation,
222
square interpolation,
193
binary encoding of fibre properties in a chromosome,
107
condensing zone of a compact spinning device,
162–3
roving evenness comparison,
103
staple-fibre spinning process,
312
static layer equilibrium,
276
structure-altering operators,
81
synthetic fibre rope,
263
T
predicted
vs. actual grades for knitted fabrics,
58
thermal resistance and thermal conductivity,
60–1
calculated
vs. actual values,
60
calculated
vs. actual values of heat transfers,
61
textile FEM preprocessors,
215
braided structures and warp knitted structure,
216
machine settings and product quality,
310–12
product quality improvement model principles,
312
plant layout and production planning,
341–5
loader and scouring machines model segment,
343
parameters change vs loader time decrease,
344
production process schematic,
345
textile finishing mill flow diagram,
342
rolling and dyeing,
340–1
yarn production and processing,
312–24
average yarn temperature on heating up time,
323
core and surface temperature over time,
324
heat capacity influence on yarn temperature profile,
321
heat conductivity influence on yarn temperature profile,
321
heater temperature influence on yarn temperature profile,
324
hook to the yarn guide balloon,
315
machine output vs yarn breaks,
318
measured vs calculated temperature values,
325
modified ring spinning system schematic,
314
PET and PA yarn shortest heating time,
322
simulation block diagram,
317
typical bobbin curve,
316
computational fluid dynamics (CFD),
142–69
application advice,
167–8
simulation of currents with fibres, yarns and textiles,
151–3
validation methods,
153–6
evolutionary methods and application,
72–109
biological background,
73–9
evolutionary algorithms applications,
93–105
evolutionary algorithms
vs. iteration processes,
92–3
evolutionary methods application advice,
108–9
mathematical model of evolution strategy,
79–91
expert system applications,
6–7
expert systems and other knowledgebased models,
4–6
finite element method (FEM) applications,
172–217
error estimation and refinement,
205–7
mechanical systems modelling,
174–93
fuzzy logic application,
112–38
fuzzy control applications,
132–8
fuzzy control with four input and one output variable,
127–32
vs. probabilistic logic,
120
applications practical advice,
63–7
backpropagation algorithm,
20–38
biological background,
9–13
models, artificial,
13–20
simulation with and without computers,
2–3
false-twist principle,
94
final algorithm and settings setting of the different evolution stages,
99
genotype and phenotype,
94–5
mutants and evolutionary progress importance,
98–9
number of individuals and lifespan,
95
influence on final result,
96
recombination factor,
95–6
reproducibility of results,
99–100
robustness evolution strategy,
100
texturising machine design and components,
37
yarn path across disc in the false twister with single points,
95
thermal conductivity,
60–1
Timoshenko beam theory,
341
translational displacement,
193
twist coefficients,
232–3
twist propagation equation,
313
W
determination in weaving,
134
predicted
vs. measured,
13
mathematical model system boundaries,
332
measured vs calculated values,
339
simulation model block diagram,
340
weaving machine schematic,
334
evolutionary algorithm to determine optimised setting,
101
predicted and actual stop mark characteristics,
55
predicted
vs. actual machine settings to avoid stop mark,
55
simulation signal flow chart,
328
stress–strain model signal flow chart,
327
tension values calculated and actual values,
329
typical stress–strain curves shapes,
326
weft speed simulation results vs measure values,
331
weft yarn deformation,
329
yarn tension with vs without yarn brake,
330
influence of gain on the sigmoid function,
28
sigmoid function
F and derivative
F’,
27
work-in-process (WIP) inventory,
341
predicted
vs. actual values,
51
typical sensitivity valves,
51
bobbins simulation at winding level,
271–5
old winding and new yarn segments configurations,
275
simulated winding structures examples,
274
single winding and wound package,
272
winding process geometry,
272
geometrical and mechanical modeling principles,
266–8
stress distribution in wound package,
276–9
layers and their boundary conditions,
277
thickness-pressure curves,
278
interconnection in unit cell,
288
load elongation curves,
287
modelled structure with twill pattern,
289
multifilament yarns photo,
288
TexGen yarn cross-section extrusion,
284
yarn axis coordinates calculation principle,
282
yarn axis position calculation,
283
geometrical and mechanical modeling principles,
266–8
radial and circumferential stresses,
280
woven fabrics for artistic design,
280–1
3D structures and its simulation,
281
Y
convertible roof diagram,
267
geometrical and mechanical modeling principles,
268–71
textile structures classification,
267
breakage rate during weaving,
55–6
characteristic prediction,
37–8
crimp prediction depending on machine setting,
38
predicted
vs. actual machine setting,
39
count, twist, packing density and diameter relationship,
245–8
Koechlin’s concept theoretical model,
246–7
Koechlin’s theory empirical corrections,
248
definitions and quality-related factors,
223–5
examples of models,
263–4
internal yarn geometry modelling,
234–42
helical yarn model,
236–7
number of fibres ands shortening,
237–9
cross-sectional area,
229
dimensionless quantities,
233–4
real and substance diameter,
229
surface fibre on diameter,
233
twist coefficients,
232–3
properties mechanical model,
249–58
centripetal for per unit fibre volume,
249
fibre and fibre bundles variables and functions,
257
force analysis for unit fibre volume,
250
helical fibre coil on general radius,
249
modified yarn diameter illustration,
255
suitable yarn twist,
254–8
yarn experiment results,
258
measured
vs. predicted warp shrinkage,
56
stress-strain relations,
242–5
breaking tenacity vs twist,
246
tensile force utilisation coefficient representation,
245