CHAPTER 1 The Connection Between Grief and Trauma: An Overview
Mary Beth Williams, Ellen S. Zinner, and Richard R. Ellis
Models of Bereavement and Grief
PART ONE HUMANMADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS
Chapter 2 The Challenger Disaster: Group Survivorship on a National Landscape
The Shuttle Challenger: Mission 51-L
Group Survivorship and the Loss of Challenger
CHAPTER 3 The Estonia Disaster: National Interventions, Outcomes, and Personal Impacts
The Disaster of September 28, 1994
Immediate Responses to the Disaster
Memorials, Investigations, and Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 The Kempsey Bus Disaster: The Effects on Australian Community Rescuers
CHAPTER 5 Coping Through Meaning: The Community Response to the Earthquake in Armenia
The Day the Land Moved: December 7, 1988
Psychosocial Response of the Armenian Community
CHAPTER 6 The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: Adapted Strategies for Survival
Mary Beth Williams, G. Robert Baker, and Tom Williams
Dealing With Death: Interruption of Normal Rituals
PART TWO THE LOSS OF LEADERS AND HEROES
CHAPTER 7 Death of a Leader: The Social Construction of Bereavement
Eliezer Witztum and Ruth Malkinson
Background: Before the Assassination
Stages of Individual and Social Grief: A Comparison
Creation and Construction of Rituals
Sociopsychological Perspective: Collective Grief in Israeli Society
The “Wounded Observers”: A Personal Account
Concluding Remarks and Implications
CHAPTER 8 The Death and Rebirth of a Hero: Mickey Mantle’s Legacy
PART THREE TERRORISM AND POLITICAL ACTION
CHAPTER 9 The Terrorist Bombing in Oklahoma City
Karen A. Sitterle and Robin H. Gurwitch
Risk Factors in Posttrauma Responses
The Victim and Survivor Groups in Oklahoma City
Interventions with Survivor Groups
Rituals for Survivors and Families of the Deceased
CHAPTER 10 The Threat to Belonging in Enniskillen: Reflections on the Remembrance Day Bombing
The Essential Attributes of a Community
The Implications of the Remembrance Day Bombing: How the Community Responded
Providing Support and Responding to a Community Disaster
CHAPTER 11 The Significance of Unforeseen Death in a Community on the Brink
The Body, the Sustenance, and the Home: Central Development Processes
Coming to Terms with Trauma: Mali’s Death at Gilgal
CHAPTER 12 Summary and Incorporation: A Reference Frame for Community Recovery and Restoration