List of Symbols
Pictures
| c, b | cells in a grid |
| F (P) | feature of a picture P |
| Gmax | maximal picture value (maximal gray level) |
| G, Gm,n Gl,m,n | grid (the medium on which digital pictures reside) |
| P, P (p),P(i,j) | picture, picture value at pixel p =(i,j) |
| 〈P〉 | set of object pixels (value 1) in binary picture P |
| p,q,r,s,t | points, locations (grid points or cells in the grid) |
| Π | plateau |
| ρ | path or cycle in a subset of a grid |
| σ | structuring element |
| u,υ,w | picture values, words (e.g., chain codes) |
| x,y,z | picture coordinates |
Integer arithmetic and asymptotics
 a |
largest integer smaller than or equal to a |
| a |
nearest integer to a if uniquely defined, a otherwise |
 a |
smallest integer larger than or equal to a |
| f1(n) ≈ f2(n) | approximate equality between f1 (n) and f2 (n) |
| a ≈ b | approximate equality |a–b| < 1 between a,b ∈  |
| g(n) = O(f (n)) | |g(n)|≤ c|f (n) | for all n ≥ m, some c > 0, and some m ≥ 0 |
| g(n) = Ω(f (n)) | |g(n)|≥ c|f (n)| for all n ≥ m, some c > 0, and some m ≥ 0 |
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