Configurations, also known as simply configs, are variations of a part in which dimensions are changed, features are suppressed (turned off), and other items such as color or custom properties may be controlled. Configurations enable you to have these variations within a single part file, which is both convenient and efficient.
This chapter deals only with part configurations, but assemblies can also have configurations. Assembly configurations can use different part configurations, among other things. This will mean more to you as you learn about part configurations.
Cross-Reference
Assembly configurations are discussed in Chapter 14.
One example of configurations is having many sizes of a fastener within a part file. Socket Head Cap Screws have thousands of potential sizes. Configured parts can also have features that you can turn off and on (suppress and unsuppress, respectively), such as a cross drive or a slotted drive. Changing dimensions and suppressing or unsuppressing features are the most commonly used techniques available through configurations.
There is some overlap between the topics of configurations and display states, with colors and hide/show states being controlled by both methods. When you have an option, it is best to control visual properties using display states because they require fewer resources (they're faster).
With every new release of SolidWorks software, it seems that more items become "configurable;" that is, able to be driven by configurations. Configurable items for parts include the following:
Feature dimensions, tolerances, driving/driven state
Suppression of features, equations, sketch relations, and feature end conditions
Sketch plane used by a sketch
Configuration-specific custom properties
Part, body, feature, and face colors
Derived configurations
Properties that can be assigned, such as mass and center of gravity
Configuration of base or split parts
Sketch pattern instances
Sketch text
Size of Hole Wizard holes
You can control configurations in several ways:
Making changes manually to dimensions and features
Using the Configure Feature/Modify Configurations table
Using an Excel-based design table
Using the Configuration Publisher
Tip
You can split the FeatureManager interface into two by dragging the splitter bar at the top of the panel. This very useful function enables you to see the FeatureManager in the upper panel and the PropertyManager or ConfigurationManager in the lower panel. Remember also that starting with SolidWorks 2009, you can detach the PropertyManager from the left-hand side panel area.
Each part has a default config named "Default." There is nothing special about this config; you can rename it and even delete it. At least one config must always remain in the tree, and you cannot delete the configuration that is currently active. If you would like to remove a config, then you need to switch to another config (by double-clicking the other configuration in the ConfigurationManager), and then delete the one you want to remove.
If you have used the software for a while, you may remember not being able to delete or rename configurations that are referenced by open documents. This limitation (at least for renaming configurations) was removed by a service pack in SolidWorks 2009. Being able to rename configurations referenced by open documents such as assemblies or drawings is an important change that new users will probably take for granted, and veteran users need to be aware of.
Cross-Reference
Chapter 14 deals with configurations of assemblies in depth. This chapter deals only with configurations of parts. Configurations of drawings do not exist.
If you try to delete a part configuration being used by an open assembly, SolidWorks simply issues the message "None of the selected entities could be deleted" without explanation.
If you delete a configuration of a part that is used in an assembly, but the assembly is not currently open, the next time the assembly is opened, it issues the message "The following component configurations could not be found . . . . If the configuration was renamed the same configuration will be used, otherwise the last active configuration will be substituted for each instance."
You can delete groups of configs by window select, Shift+select, or Ctrl+select in the ConfigurationManager. You can also use the right mouse button (RMB) menu, much like regular features in the FeatureManager. None of the configurations selected for deletion may be active, or referenced by other open and resolved documents.
In the ConfigurationManager, configs are listed alphabetically, not in the order in which they are created. This has several advantages, especially when you have a large number of configs. For example, if configs are named by size in a part that you are working with, then when you select a configuration, you can type in a number and the selection scrolls to that place in the list of configs. This makes it easier to select the one you are looking for, much the same as it works in Windows Explorer.
This alphabetized order is significant because many other sections of the SolidWorks interface are not alphabetized, which causes problems when you are searching for items in larger lists. Sections that are not alphabetized include Help/Contents, Files of Type lists in Open and Save dialog boxes, and the File Locations settings (Tools
In order for this sorting and alphabetization to work, you must first name the configs properly. For example, if you have a list of sizes or config names from 1 to 100, then you should use 001, 002...100 as your syntax. This makes the config names easier to browse and type in. Syntax becomes most important when you place a part with many configs into an assembly, because you must select a config from the list, and typing in the first few numbers is often faster and easier than scrolling to it.
The CD-ROM contains a part called Chapter 10 Config Names.sldprt, which illustrates proper naming and alphabetization.
To understand this technique better, you can open the part called Chapter 10 Config Names.sldprt from the CD-ROM, split the FeatureManager area, and change one of the panes to display the ConfigurationManager. Click one of the configuration names, and type in a number between 001 and 100. The highlight scrolls to the number that you typed in. Thoughtful selection of the configuration names can save you and your co-workers a lot of time when you need to insert select configs into an assembly. Figure 10.1 shows this arrangement.
Cross-Reference
The splitter bar and other portions of the FeatureManager interface appear in Chapter 2.
Within a part file, to change the display from one configuration to another, you must first switch to the ConfigurationManager panel, and then either double-click the desired config or right-click it and select Show Configuration.
Alternatively, you can right-click the config in the ConfigurationManager and select Show Preview, as shown in Figure 10.2. A small preview thumbnail displays in the PropertyManager panel. However, not all configurations will have previews. For example, in a part with many configs that have been generated automatically by a design table, the configurations may not have previews because the config itself has never actually been rebuilt. Previews exist only when the configuration has been activated at least once, the image on the screen generated, and the part then saved. SolidWorks stores both the body (geometry) and the preview image of the part so that next time you access the configuration, the software does not have to rebuild everything again.
You can even select a configuration while opening a file. This enables you to save time by avoiding rebuilding the model. To take advantage of this option, you must use the File
You can create configs manually, using the Configure Feature/Modify Configurations table or through Excel-driven design tables. Design tables are extremely useful for situations where there are more than a few configs, or more than a few items are being controlled. You should use design tables because they keep things very organized within the spreadsheet grid.
For now, I am going to focus on creating and manipulating configs manually so that you can become familiar with them without also worrying about Excel and design table syntax.
The name of the config is important mainly for quick access and organization purposes. The configuration description is also important, because it can display in the ConfigurationManager, and even in the Assembly tree. (You can also use the FeatureManager Filter to search configuration descriptions.) This is important when the name of the config is numerical rather than descriptive, and you would like to also have a description but not include it in the name. The config description can also appear in place of the filename in the Assembly tree display. I discuss this in more detail in Chapter 12. Config descriptions can be driven manually through the Configuration Properties dialog box or through a design table if you have many configs to manage. You can display config descriptions through the RMB menu, as shown in Figure 10.5.
I discuss the Bill of Materials (BOM) options in Chapter 24, but the option is set in the Configuration Properties to use the filename, the configuration name, or a custom name that the user specifies. You can save this setting with a template. You achieve control over configurations through the combination of the Configuration Properties and the Advanced Options, which I discuss next.
Best Practice
Although you can change the preferred settings at any time, it is definitely a best practice to make a template early on when you are using SolidWorks to model parts. SolidWorks remembers the BOM options and Advanced options that you set for the Default configuration and uses them in document templates. This is true for both part and assembly templates.
Two advanced configuration options are found in the bottom panel of the Configuration Properties PropertyManager: Suppress features and Use configuration specific color. While the second option is self-explanatory, the first one is not, and often catches new and even experienced users off guard.
Suppress features refers to how inactive configurations should handle new features that are added to the part. For example, if you have two configs, 1 and 2, and config 1 is active and you add a new Fillet feature, what happens to that feature in config 2? If this option is turned on, the new features are suppressed in the inactive configs. If it is turned off, the new features will be unsuppressed when the inactive configs are activated. This creates a much bigger challenge for manually created configurations than for design table-driven configs because changing suppression states for several features across multiple configs is much easier in a design table than in manual config management.
The Modify dialog box enables you to change dimensions by just double-clicking the dimension and changing the value. When you change a dimension using the Modify dialog box in a part that has more than one configuration, an additional button appears on the Modify dialog box, shown in Figure 10.6.
Modify has three options for configuring dimensions: This Configuration, All Configurations, and Specify Configurations. The All Configuration is the default option. Choosing the Specify Configurations option opens a dialog box, which is shown in Figure 10.7.
SolidWorks 2009 brought into play the use of negative dimensions. Negative dimensions can only be used within the Modify dialog box, and cannot (or should not) be used in other places. The negative sign serves only to change the direction of the dimension, and then it is discarded. It does not stay with the dimension.
An equation that results in a negative dimension will flip the sense of the dimension every time it is rebuilt. This may be a useful trick, but will probably serve as an annoyance for most modeling. When you put a negative dimension in a Modify dialog box, the dimension changes sense (direction) and the negative sign disappears after one rebuild. If you put a negative dimension into a Modify Configurations dialog box, it will also disappear, and change the direction of the dimension for all configurations. When you enter a negative dimension into a design table, the negative is retained (until the next time you open the design table), and the sense of the dimension is retained only for the configs to which you assigned negative dimension values.
Note
This design table functionality is something that arouses my suspicion. I would not build a design intent scenario based on negative dimensions in design tables. The functionality seems unintentional, unstable, or otherwise subject to change.
Negative dimensions can only be assigned to sketch dimensions, not to feature dimensions. You cannot change the extrusion direction by making the blind depth negative.
The Modify Configurations dialog box, shown in Figure 10.8, enables you to create and modify configured features and dimensions in a more organized way than by using the simple manual methods described earlier, but without getting involved in an Excel-based design table, described later in this chapter. Do not confuse the Modify Configurations dialog box with the Modify dialog box, which is used to change dimensions.
You can access the Modify Configurations dialog box by right-clicking a dimension or feature you want to drive via configurations and selecting Configure Dimension or Configure Feature.
With the Modify Configurations dialog box active, double-click a dimension to add it to the configured features list. You can add configurations on the fly by typing in the appropriate box, and change values or states of features by double-clicking and entering numbers or selecting the check box in the appropriate column.
The Modify Configurations interface is still a relatively new part of the software. I still tend to use either the manual or Excel-based techniques. I have not yet found a use for the middle ground offered by the Modify Configurations dialog box, but I can see where it might be valuable for people who might want to configure a couple of features without getting involved in a big spreadsheet.
In addition, I should mention that much folklore exists surrounding what is perceived as a problematic relationship between Excel and SolidWorks. Some users claim that Excel often causes SolidWorks to crash. Beyond that, many workplaces may not have Excel available to them, either because of the cost or because they use a non-Microsoft solution for spreadsheet applications. These users still want the functionality of design tables even if Excel is not installed on their machines.
The icons in the lower left of the Modify Configurations dialog box enable you to use the dialog box for more than just dimensions and feature suppression. Figure 10.9 shows that you can also use it to control custom properties. Some of these changes are new in SolidWorks 2010, so even if you are familiar with this dialog box from a previous release, you might want to have another look at it to see whether there is some new functionality of which you can take advantage.
The Modify Configurations dialog box does not give you control over everything. Some things that you can configure, you cannot drive from this dialog box, such as part color. Design tables are still the most powerful way to go, but Modify Configurations offers a lot of flexibility and immediacy.
Table Views enable you to keep a small table of only the parameters that you want to show. The Parameters drop-down list enables you to select which Table View you want to display, or to create a new one. Using drop-down lists on the parameter headings, you can suppress the display of any parameter in a new Table View.
Dividing down what might otherwise be a large design table into several Table Views helps to keep your data organized and easy to access. Figure 10.10 shows the ConfigurationManager of a part with configurations managed with Table Views.
Figure 10.11 shows these tools in action.
The Property Tab Builder enables an administrator to create special Task Pane tabs that are used to control custom properties and configuration specific custom properties. As an administrative function, the Property Tab Builder is covered in more detail in the SolidWorks Administration Bible (Wiley, 2009). Configuration-specific custom properties can be controlled through design tables, Custom Property tabs, or the regular SolidWorks configuration-specific custom property interface. Select the method that works best for the way you and your company use the software.
Figure 10.12 shows the Property Tab Builder interface. You can access the Property Tab Builder by clicking the Windows Start button and choosing SolidWorks
Using this type of interface enables the administrator to standardize custom properties values due to spelling or difference in interpretation. The Task Pane interface is easy to use and highly customizable. Notice that you can create regular custom properties or configure custom properties, and that option can be set independently for each property value entered using this interface.
Derived configurations are configs that are dependent on other configs. You can create them from the RMB menu on a configuration, and they appear indented underneath the parent config. Figure 10.13 shows the RMB menu and the position of the derived config in the tree.
Derived configurations maintain the same values and properties of the parent config unless you break the link to the child config by explicitly changing a value in the child config. For all other values, the child config value changes when the parent config value changes.
One very nice application of derived configs is to use them for simplified configurations, and set the properties so that any features that are added to the parent config are also added to the derived config. You can do this by deselecting the Advanced Option Suppress Features to Off in the PropertyManager for the configuration. This causes the derived config to inherit only features that are added to the parent, and not to other configs. You can use the simplified configs for Finite Element Analysis (FEA), making drawings of models where all of the edge breaks have actually been modeled. You can also used use them for the reverse (a complex config rather than simple one) to have a config that includes fillets for rendering purposes that are otherwise not there. In addition, you can create and maintain derived configs using design tables, which are discussed in the next section.
A long-standing dispute has raged over the effects of file size on speed. Here are the facts: When SolidWorks creates a configuration, it stores information about the 3D geometry and a preview thumbnail of the configuration inside the part file. This makes it faster to access the configuration the next time because it has only to read the data, rather than read other data and then recalculate the new data. As a result, saving the stored data makes the file larger, but also enables you to avoid having to recalculate it.
Many people assign more importance to file size than I do, and use it as a criterion on which to base decisions about which features or techniques to use or not use. If I can use a single file instead of multiple files by using configurations, I prefer the technique. Libraries of parts can often be made more manageable by using configured parts rather than many individual parts. Large hard drives for storage are cheaper and easier to upgrade than processors. In the end, reading stored data rather than recalculating it is faster. This is why when SolidWorks can store data that will probably be needed again at some point. The result is that configurations definitely increase file size.
The ideal situation would be if SolidWorks would give users control over which data is stored in model files. This is a good place for an enhancement request.
Performance
File size has a negative effect on speed when you are sending data across the Internet or working across a network. If the data is on your hard drive, then storing data instead of calculating it offers a big benefit. If you are sending data across a slow network connection, you should take measures to decrease the size of the file before sending it, such as using a zip or compression utility.
Controlling dimensions with configurations is simple. You need only three things to start: one dimension and two configurations. Because you already know how to create these elements, you are ready to start. Configurations require that you spend some time developing "design intent" for parts. Configurations drive changes in models, and if they are properly modeled, you can avoid feature or sketch failures due to dimension changes.
I will start with the example of a simple block. A fully dimensioned block has three dimensions. Make sure that you have manually created at least two configurations. Double-clicking a model face opens all the dimensions, and double-clicking one of the dimensions opens the familiar Modify dialog box. Figure 10.6 shows that there is a small difference in the Modify dialog box. It now has a drop-down list where you can specify whether this change applies only to this config, to all configs, or to specified configs. If you select specified configs, then a dialog box shown on the top in Figure 10.14 appears, where you can select which configs this dimension change applies to.
Once you are finished, you can toggle back and forth between the configs by double-clicking each of the configs in the ConfigurationManager. Although this is simple, if you forget to change the drop-down list from the All Configurations setting to either the This Configuration or the Specify Configurations setting, then you apply the change to all of the configurations. This shows that building a configuration manually is fine for a few simple changes, but it can become unwieldy if you are changing more than a few dimensions in this way. You would then have to remember which dimensions were changed to what. As you can see, using design tables is a better method for multiple dimensions.
In addition to the Suppress toolbar button, you can also use the Unsuppress and Unsuppress buttons with Dependents functions. When you suppress a feature, any feature that is dependent on it is also suppressed. If you then use the Unsuppress feature, it unsuppresses only the feature itself. However, Unsuppress with Dependents brings back all the dependent features, as well.
Performance
Suppressing complex features is a great way to improve performance. Experienced users often create a configuration of a part that they use as a simplified config, where patterns, fillets, and extruded text features are suppressed. This becomes more important as you start working with assemblies. For reasons I discuss in the assemblies chapters, it can be a great advantage to make a configuration for each part called "simplified." You can make a second configuration in template files so that new parts and assemblies automatically have this built in to them.
Generally, SolidWorks users employ a combination of these methods, mainly because configurations are not usually started on a complete model; they are often added when the model is still in progress, and so features are added after the users create the configurations.
On the left side of Figure 10.15, you can see a feature that is alternately unsuppressed and suppressed in the tree. The text and icon for the suppressed feature are grayed out. You can suppress features from the RMB menu on the feature, from the Edit menu, or through a tool on a toolbar. The Suppress button is not on a toolbar by default, but you can find it in the Commands dialog box (Tools
Using Unsuppress With Dependents can save you a lot of time or the hassle of looking for all the features dependent upon a feature that has been suppressed. Because it is not available on the RMB menus, this function is used less than it might otherwise be.
Several reasons may compel you to use custom properties, including integration with searches for a Product Data Management system, automatically filling out drawing title blocks, or adding information to the BOM.
When you are using custom properties with configurations, you must use the Configuration Specific Custom Properties interface (or an appropriately configured custom property tab or the Modify Configurations dialog box), which enables you to have custom properties that change with each configuration. Standard custom properties apply to the top-level part and keep the same value for all configurations. The configuration-specific functionality is useful for situations such as different part numbers for configurations, and many other situations that are limited mostly by your use of configs. The Custom tab of the Summary Information dialog box, shown in Figure 10.14, still applies custom properties that do not change with the configurations to the part.
The interface for managing custom properties manually is shown in Figure 10.16. You can access this dialog box by choosing File
You can also link custom properties to mass properties, model dimensions, link values, sketch text, and global variables by selecting from the drop-down list under the Value/Text Expression column, which appears when you select a cell in the column, as shown in Figure 10.14. To link a custom property to a model dimension, simply place the cursor in the Value/Text Expression box that you want to populate and click a dimension in the graphics window. Again, managing this data for a single config or only a few configs is easy enough; however, it can quickly become unwieldy, which is where using design tables can make a huge difference.
You can individually suppress or unsuppress sketch relations using configurations. Figure 10.17 shows the Display/Delete Relations PropertyManager interface, at the bottom of which is the Configurations panel. To suppress a relation, select it from the list and select the Suppressed option in the Relations section above the Delete buttons.
Tip
This is another situation where Delete is not used as an editing option. Using this technique, you can save sketch relations, or activate different sets of relations in different configs; this technique allows a single sketch to react to changes differently.
You cannot configure the Offset distance in the From option for extrudes, but you can configure the sketch plane for the sketch that is used in the feature. The Sketch Plane PropertyManager interface expands when configurations are present, as shown in Figure 10.18.
Tip
Another way to change the sketch plane is to put the sketch on an offset plane or a plane that can otherwise be driven by a dimension (for example, using reference sketch geometry). Actually moving a sketch to another plane can cause the sketch to rotate or flip. Moving the plane it is on is a better option that does not cause the sketch to rotate or flip.
Warning
Changing sketch planes indiscriminately can have serious consequences for your model. "Face/Plane Normals" sometimes point in different directions, and can cause a sketch to flip, rotate, or mirror when you change it from one plane to another. One strange result is that changing it back to the original location can cause the sketch to flip again, but in a different way so that it does not go back to its original location/orientation. As a result, every time you change the configuration, the sketch could appear in a new and unexpected location or orientation.
Cross-Reference
Inserted parts are discussed in detail in Chapter 28, which describes master model techniques.
Inserted parts use one part as the starting point for another part. The inserted part sits as a feature in the FeatureManager of the child part. You can insert just the body geometry itself, or you can bring forward reference geometry, sketch data and all features, and break the link to the original part if you wish to.
The role of configurations with inserted parts is that the configuration of the inserted part can be controlled from the child component. For example, you may have designed an engine block for an automobile. This engine block is a casting, and using configurations, you have both the six-cylinder and the eight-cylinder blocks in a single-part file. This model represents the "as cast" engine block. The next step is to make the block with all the secondary machining operations, such as facing mating surfaces, boring cylinders, drilling and tapping holes for threaded connections, and so on. As a result, the as-cast part is inserted into the as-machined part, and the configuration is selected before you add the cut features. As the name suggests, you add inserted parts by choosing Insert
The interface for assigning the configuration is shown in Figure 10.19. Simply right-click the inserted part feature and select List External References. It would seem to make more sense if the configuration could be selected when the part is first inserted, but it does not work this way; you have to select the configuration after the part is inserted.
Library features can have configurations, and they carry those configurations with them into the part in which they are placed. Unfortunately, part configs cannot reference different library feature configs.
Cross Reference
Chapter 18 discusses library features.
Configurations for library features are created in exactly the same ways that configurations are created for other parts. The technique for saving the configs to the library feature is discussed in Chapter 18.
As important as it is to know what you can do, it is equally important to know what you cannot do. The following is a list of items that are not configurable. Although this list is not complete, it contains many of the more relevant items that cannot be configured:
Library feature configs
Blocks
Extrude direction or From Offset dimension or direction
Most of the values in features such as Deform, Freeform, and Twist
While Library Features can be configured, once you drop them into a part and click OK, the configurations are no longer accessible (unless you have selected Link To Library Part), so a part's configurations cannot select the configuration of a Library feature. A part's configurations can change the dimensions of a library feature.
In addition to describing some of the basic concepts involved with configurations, the first part of this chapter presents reasons for using design tables. For example, while manual configuration management can be haphazard, and is highly prone to mistakes, design tables lay everything out in an Excel spreadsheet. Although many new users ask whether they can use a different replacement spreadsheet program, you must use Excel for design tables.
Note
The versions of Excel that are supported by SolidWorks for design tables are 2000, 2003, and 2007. Although Excel 97 may still work, Microsoft no longer supports that product.
Excel is a format that is easy to read and print out, and even non-SolidWorks users can understand and work with it. Although there is some special syntax that you need to use with design tables, for most uses, SolidWorks can create the syntax automatically for you; therefore, there is minimal manual data entry. If you are careful to name dimensions, features, and configurations properly, design tables should be easy to understand and manage. In Excel, you can also color cells, rows, and columns in such a way that large amounts of tabulated data are easier to sort through. In addition, because design tables use Excel, they can also use all of Excel's calculation capabilities.
Best Practice
When using equations and design tables, it is considered best practice to name dimensions, sketches, features, and other configured items. However, it is not recommended to mix design tables with SolidWorks equations. Besides the fact that Excel equations are far more sophisticated than those of SolidWorks, driving dimensions from too many locations can be confusing when you edit the part after you have forgotten the details of how the part was built.
It is a great idea to document design intent using comments in the features or the Design Journal. You should also add comments to design tables as needed.
Just because something can be configured does not necessarily mean that it can also be driven by a design table. Here is a small list of items that fit into this category:
Sketch plane configuration
Suppressed sketch relations
Suppressed dimensions (suppressed dimensions become driven dimensions)
However, the good news is that there are many items that can be driven by a design table. Table 10.1 lists these items, along with their associated syntax.
Table 10.1. Items That Can Be Driven by a Design Table
Syntax (Goes in Column Header) | Possible Values (Goes in Field Cell) | Default Value If Field Is Blank | |
|---|---|---|---|
Configs of Inserted Parts | $configuration@<part name> | <config name> | not evaluated |
Configs of Split Parts | $configuration@<split feature name> | <config name> | not evaluated |
Comment Column | $comment | comment text | blank |
Configuration Description | $description | description text | <config name> |
BOM Part No. | $partnumber | $d, $document = document name $p, $parent = parent config name $c, $configuration = config name <text> = custom name | config name |
Feature Suppression State | $state@<feature name> | suppressed, s unsuppressed, u | present suppression state |
Dimension Value | dimension@<feature name> dimension@<sketch name> | allowed numerical values | not evaluated |
Parent Config (creates a derived config) | $parent | parent config name text | not evaluated |
Config Specific Custom Property | $prp@<property name> | property name text | not evaluated |
Equation State | $state@<equation number>@equations | suppressed, s unsuppressed, u | unsuppressed |
Light Suppression State | $state@<light name> | suppressed, s unsuppressed, u | unsuppressed |
Sketch Relation Suppression | $state@<relation name>@<sketch name> | suppressed, s unsuppressed, u | unsuppressed |
User Notes (same as comment) | $user_notes | Text | blank |
Part or Feature Color | $color $color@<feature name> | see SolidWorks Help, Colors, Parameters in design tables | 0, black |
Assigned Mass | $sw-mass | allowed numerical values | value from Mass properties |
Assigned Center of Gravity X, Y, Z Coordinates | $sw-cog | allowed numerical values in the format of x, y, z | value from Mass properties |
Dimension Tolerance | $tolerance@<dimension name> | see SolidWorks Help, Tolerance Keywords, and Syntax in Design Tables | none |
When you prepare to create a design table, you generally need to give appropriate names to dimensions, sketches, and features. Remember that while the feature is the most visible item and the easiest to rename, most of the dimensions probably belong to the sketch, which you may also need, or want, to rename. Names should reflect the function or location of the item. It is a good idea to show dimension names when renaming items (remember that you can show dimension names by selecting the Dimension Names option by choosing View
You can use one of the following three techniques to add a design table to a SolidWorks part by choosing Insert
Insert Blank Design Table. This method starts from a blank template that contains the underlying framework, but no values.
Auto-create Design Table. This method populates the new design table with any existing configurations and items that are different between the configs.
From file. This method enables you to create a design table externally and then import it.
Although I prefer the Auto-create method, it is most appropriate for when you have existing configurations. The From file method is best when a design table has been exported from another part, saved externally, and brought into the current part. For the following example, I am using the Insert Blank Design Table method.
On the CD-ROM
If you would like to follow along with these steps to create the design table, you can use the part from the CD-ROM with the filename Chapter 10 DTstart.sldprt.
Figure 10.21 shows the results of starting with the new blank design table. You may notice that the window title bar at the top says SolidWorks, but the toolbars look a lot like the Excel interface. This is because Excel is actually running inside of SolidWorks. Clicking outside of the Excel window can cause the Excel window to close, although there are several items outside of the Excel window that you can select without the window closing, such as features in the FeatureManager and dimensions in the graphics window. You can also rotate and pan the view in the graphics window without closing the Design Table window. If you are very careful, you can also drag the thin hatched border of the Excel window to adjust its size or location.
You can also edit Design Tables in a separate window, which makes editing easier, but makes adding dimension and feature names more difficult. To edit the table in its own window, right-click on the Design Table in the FeatureManager and select Edit Table In New Window.
Figure 10.21. The interface where you can create the design table, and the resulting blank design table
Figure 10.22 shows a fully developed design table, with some complexity. Although your first design table does not need to be this complex, this example demonstrates what you can do with this feature.
The config names go in the first column and the feature or property names go in the second row. The first row is reserved for the name of the table. All this is automatically set up by SolidWorks.
Note
Because you are actually working in Excel when working with design tables, you can use Excel formatting, which is how the text in Figure 10.20 is rotated 90 degrees for the column headers. (To rotate text in a table, right-click the cell, group of cells, or row; select Format Cells; and then select the Alignment tab.)
In the new design table, the next step is to type in some configuration names. Because you are working in Excel, all the fill functionality is available. In the example shown in Figure 10.23, I have typed in the first three values of 001, 002, and 003, then window-selected the cells, and dragged the fill handle on the selection window to fill the number pattern to populate a larger area. To find more information about this technique, look for Fill or Automatically Number Rows in the Excel Help files.
The next step is to fill in some feature and dimension names in the second row. The first thing that you do is to suppress the HexDrive feature. To make this the first feature in the list, click in cell B2, and then double-click the HexDrive feature in the FeatureManager. The name of the feature and its current suppression state are added to the design table with all the necessary syntax and correct spelling.
To rotate the text in this row vertically, right-click row number 2, select Format Cells, click the Alignment tab, and turn the orientation to 90 degrees. The word unsuppressed displays in all capitals and fully spelled out, while all you need is a U or an S. Replace the word with an S, and double-click the line between the column heading letters B and C at the top of the Excel window to condense column B as much as possible. Alternate the rest of the rows between Us and Ss to either suppress or unsuppress the HexDrive feature in various configurations. Figure 10.24 shows the current state of the design table.
Close the Design Table window, and click OK on the message box that lists the new configurations created by the Design Table. Now split the FeatureManager, set the lower pane to the ConfigurationManager, and double-click some configurations. Notice that in the configs where you specified an S, the HexDrive is suppressed and no longer appears in the model.
You can now add a dimension to the design table. To add a dimension, it is most convenient to display the dimensions on the screen at all times. To show all the dimensions in the part, right-click the Annotations folder in the FeatureManager and select Display Annotations. If the dimensions do not display, you may have to go back and select Show Feature Dimensions. Arrange the dimensions so that you can clearly see them all, as shown in Figure 10.25.
To display the design table again, locate it in the ConfigurationManager, right-click it, and select Edit Table. Editing the feature changes the settings used for the design table. Edit Table in New Window is an option that you will use later because it simplifies many things; however, for now, the Edit Table option makes it easiest to add new items to the design table.
Note
If a window appears with the name Add Rows and Columns, just click OK for now. This window lists parameters that have changed in its lower pane, and it is asking you if you would like to add any of the changed parameters to the design table. If you would like to add them, just select the parameter in the lower pane and click OK. If not, just click OK.
If the design table displays on top of your model, you can either move the model or move the design table. Moving the design table is a bit tricky and involves dragging the striped-line border of the Excel window; remember not to grab it at the corners or midpoints, because this will simply resize it. If you click inside the border, nothing happens. If you click outside of the border, the Excel window closes. Moving the model may be easier. To do this, Ctrl+drag in blank space in the graphics window; it pans the display so that you can see the part dimensions.
With cell C2 selected, or whatever the next available cell is in the second row, double-click the OverallLength dimension in the graphics window. SolidWorks adds the proper syntax to the design table, along with the current value for the first configuration in the list. Fill in values for the rest of the configurations. You can then calculate these values in Excel using any of the available techniques.
Exit the design table and toggle through the various configurations to see their different lengths. These examples should get you started on more complex configurations and design tables. Any dimensions that are controlled by the design table (and that are therefore locked) display in pink on the screen.
Figure 10.19 shows the PropertyManager for design tables. After you have created the table, you can edit the table settings by right-clicking the table and then selecting Edit Feature. Edit Feature enables you to edit the settings for the table only; it does not enable you to edit values within the table.
By selecting the From File source option, you can create a design table from an external file; you can also link the table to the external file. When you use the other two options, Blank and Auto-Create, SolidWorks stores the Excel file within the SolidWorks document. Linking to an external file may be useful if you have a non-SolidWorks user who is entering data into the design table, or if a single table controls multiple parts.
The Edit Control panel has two options, which act as a toggle. The Allow model edits to update the design table option is self explanatory, as is its opposite, the Block model edits that would update the design table option. If the Allow model edits option is selected, and you make a manual change to the model, the next time you open the design table, SolidWorks warns you about the change and that it will update the design table. Likewise, if you try to make a manual change and the Block model edits option is selected, you receive a warning that the value cannot be changed.
The Options settings determine the behavior when you are using the Allow model edits option and a new item has been configured. For example, the design table may already exist and you manually add a configuration and suppress a feature.
Configurations that have been added manually are displayed somewhat differently from configs that are being managed by the design table. Figure 10.26 shows the two configurations at the bottom of the tree with square symbols, while the design table configs have Excel symbols.
After you manually add the config and suppress the feature, the next time you open the design table, the Add Rows and Columns dialog box appears. Many users are simply annoyed by this, but that may be because they do not understand what it does or why it appears. In the example shown in Figure 10.27, a new configuration has been manually added; it appears in the Configurations box as ManuallyAddedConfig, and in the Parameters box, it looks like a feature named BodyChamfer has been either suppressed or unsuppressed manually. The appearance of this dialog box means that SolidWorks is asking you if you would like to include these items in the design table. If so, simply select the items you would like to add to the design table and click OK. If you do not want to include the items in the design table, then simply click OK or Cancel. If you click OK, you will not be offered these choices again; if you click Cancel, the next time you open the table, the dialog box with the same choices will reappear. If you never want to see this dialog box again, then make sure that all the options in the Options panel shown in Figure 10.21 are deselected.
As I mentioned earlier, when you open the design table inside the SolidWorks window, it can sometimes be difficult to work with. One way to handle this problem is to only edit the design table inside SolidWorks when you want to add new features to the column headers, and when adding new configurations or editing the field values, edit the table in a separate window. This option appears on the RMB menu as Edit Table in New Window. It gives you much more flexibility in resizing the Excel window, changing zoom scale, and other operations, but it does not enable you to double-click a dimension so that it is added automatically to the column header.
Warning
When working on design tables, it is a good idea to avoid conflicts with other sessions of Excel by closing any other Excel windows. The combination of operating Excel spreadsheets inside both SolidWorks and Excel has been known to cause crashes, or the "Server Busy" warning message. If you are diligent about having only one session of Excel active at a time when you are working on design tables (or Excel BOMs), there is less likelihood of a crash or conflict.
The Configuration Publisher is the tool formerly known as Create PropertyManager. The Configuration Publisher enables you to create an interface that creates configurations on the fly based on rules that you establish. The interface that you create appears when you put the part into an assembly, enabling you to create a custom size and a new configuration to go with it. This is similar to putting a Toolbox part into an assembly, and getting a special interface to specify sizes and create new configurations if necessary. In order to create a Configuration Publisher for a part, the part must contain a Design Table with at least a single row. You can use an auto-created Design Table if you need to.
You access the Configuration Publisher by right-clicking the name of the part at the top line of the ConfigurationManager, and selecting Configuration Publisher from the menu.
Figure 10.28 shows the Configuration Publisher interface. It is like the Property Tab Builder in that you use it to place interface controls on a PropertyManager that will pop up when the part is placed into an assembly.
Figure 10.28. The Configuration Publisher helps you build an interface to create configurations as you place a part into an assembly
Aside from users putting parts into assemblies, the interface you create using the Configuration Publisher can also be used in 3D Content Central to specify a new component size. If you are a supplier and make parts in a wide variety of sizes, instead of creating all the sizes and uploading to 3D Content Central, you can just create the rules in the Configuration Publisher interface and allow the configurations to be created automatically according to the rules.
When the interface has been created, a PropertyManager entry shows up under the name of the part in the ConfigurationManager, as shown in Figure 10.29.
When the part is placed into an assembly, the PropertyManager shown in Figure 10.30, which is the one created in the Configuration Publisher, appears and enables you to access options to size and configure the new instance. A similar interface is also used if you have uploaded the part to 3D Content Central to allow other people to download the part.
Throughout this book, parts that I use for one purpose may also be useful for other purposes. For example, the part used in this tutorial uses a loft with guide curves where both guide curves are created in the same sketch. The guide curve sketch is made from symmetrical splines where I have used the spline handles to change the shape smoothly and in a controlled way. I have also used a curve-driven pattern to go around an elliptical shape.
Tip
If at some point, you decide that you have made mistakes from which you cannot recover, or you would simply like to start over again, you can choose File
To start working with configurations and design tables, follow these steps:
From the CD-ROM, open the part called Chapter 10
Tutorial start.sldprt. Take a moment to become familiar with this part by using the rollback bar to see how it was made. In particular, look at the two patterns, which need to be parametrically linked. Figure 10.31 shows the part.Manually create a configuration for the part called Size 1. Remember that to create a configuration, you must show the ConfigurationManager tab in the FeatureManager area, and right-click the name of the part at the top level. It is better to do this by splitting the FeatureManager window and setting the lower pane to the ConfigurationManager.
Set the Advanced option by selecting both Suppress Features and Use Configuration Specific Color.
Before closing the Add Configuration PropertyManager, click the Color button on the Advanced Options panel of the Configuration PropertyManager and select a different color for the Size 1 configuration. The color does not change immediately. It will change after you close the PropertyManager.
Choose View
Dimension Names.Double-click the feature CrvPattern1 in the FeatureManager. A number 6 with a D1 under it will appear on one of the holes in the pattern. If you have changed your part to a blue color, it may be difficult to see because the text will also be blue.
Change the name of the dimension to Hole# by clicking the dimension and using the PropertyManager.
Change the value of the number to 8, and be careful to also change the drop-down setting to This Configuration Only instead of All Configurations. If you forget to do this, then you will have to go to the other configuration and set it back to 6.
Click the Rebuild symbol (which resembles a traffic light) to show the changes before exiting the Modify dialog box. Notice that the CrvPattern2 fails after rebuilding CrvPattern1 with eight instances. Click the green check mark icon to exit the Modify dialog box, and then make the same changes to the CrvPattern2: change the dimension name and the number of patterned instances to eight (remember to use the This Configuration Only setting). The part should now look like Figure 10.32.
When you double-click to change configurations, the SolidWorks interface now shows a part with a different color and a different number of holes and ribs. After the first change between configurations, the changes should happen quickly because SolidWorks has stored the geometry.
Choose File
Properties and select the Configuration Specific tab. Set the Apply To drop-down list to Default, and type a Property Name of description and a Value of Gray Vent Cover. Now change the Apply To drop-down setting to Size 1 and type a description for the new configuration using the name of the color that you applied to this config. Figure 10.33 shows the two states of the data.Exit the Custom Properties dialog box. Now that you have made a few changes manually, the following steps guide you through bringing these changes into a design table and using the design table to make additional changes.
Choose Insert
TablesDesign Table from the menus. Use Auto-create as the Source, allow model edits, and select all three options in the Option panel. Click OK to create the design table. Figure 10.34 shows the design table that you have automatically created.Use the striped border to move the window without closing it. This may take some practice. If the window closes, right-click the design table in the FeatureManager and select Edit Table. Move the window to a place where you can see the model clearly.
If a cell in the second row of the design table is selected, select a different empty cell that is not in the second row (this prevents data from automatically populating cells until you have the correct data). Now double-click the Extrude1 feature in the FeatureManager. Find the .500" (D1) dimension on the screen. Right-click the dimension and rename it BaseThk.
Click the next open cell in the second row, and double-click the .500" dimension that you just renamed. You may have to use the handles at the corners and side midpoints to resize the Excel window to see everything. Add another configuration row and the additional values in the cells, as shown in Figure 10.35. The color number is determined by a formula that you can find in the help section under the topic Color Parameter.
Remember that this part needs to have the number of ribs always equal to the number of holes. This is simple to do in Excel. Click in the first row value for the Rib# number. This is cell F3 in Figure 10.34. Type the equal sign and then click in the cell to the left, E3. You can also simply type =E3 in this cell. This links the Rib# cell to the Hole# cell.
Use the Window Fill feature by selecting the dot at the lower-right corner of the selected F3 cell and dragging it down to include cells F4 and F5, as shown in Figure 10.36.
Click in a bla nk space to exit the design table. Double-click through the configurations in the ConfigurationManager to see the results of your efforts.
Configurations are a powerful way to control variations of a design within a single part file. Many aspects of the part can be configured, while a few cannot. Manually created configurations are useful for making a small number of variations and a small number of configurations, but they become unwieldy when you need to make more than a few variations of either type.
Design tables are recommended because they enable you to see all the changes more clearly that have been made for all the configurations. Having the power of Excel available enables you to access many functions that are not shown here, such as using lookup tables and Concatenate functions to build descriptions or configuration names. I briefly revisit design tables in Chapter 14 on assembly configurations to expand on the information here and to incorporate the additional assembly configuration information.