Table of Contents

Preface

Ratings Analysis: Audience Measurement and Analytics

  1  An Introduction to Audience Research

Types of Audience Research

Applied Versus Theoretical

Quantitative Versus Qualitative

Micro Versus Macro

Syndicated Versus Custom

Ratings Research

What Is It?

Why Is It Important?

Related Readings

PART I: AUDIENCE MEASUREMENT

  2  The Audience Measurement Business

The Beginning

The Evolution of Audience Measurement

The Audience Measurement Business Today

Challenges of the New Media Environment

Measurement Strategies

Institutional Factors

Related Readings

  3  Audience Measurement Methods

Sampling

Sample Designs

Error in Sampling

Sample or Census

Measurement

What Is Being Measured?

Measurement Techniques

Production

Editing Data

Adjusting Data

Supplementing Data

Related Readings

PART II: AUDIENCE ANALYTICS

  4  Understanding Audience Behavior

Exposure to Media

Gross Measures of the Audience

Cumulative Measures of the Audience

Comparing Gross and Cumulative Measurements

Common Theories of Media Choice

Working Theories of Program Choice

Economic Models of Program Choice

Selective Exposure Theory

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Audience Behavior

Audience Factors

Media Factors

An Integrated Model of Audience Behavior

The Model

Related Readings

  5  Analysis of Gross Measures

Broadcast-Based Metrics

Web-Based Metrics

Comparisons

Prediction and Explanation

Related Readings

  6  Analysis of Cumulative Measures

Broadcast-Based Metrics

Web-Based Metrics

Reach and Frequency

Comparisons

Audience Duplication

Prediction and Explanation

Related Readings

PART III: APPLICATIONS

  7  Audience Research in Advertising

National Markets

Broadcast and Cable Networks and Alternate Delivery Systems

Syndication

Local Markets

Broadcast Stations

Local Cable Systems

Advertising Worldwide

Evolving Communication Technologies

Internet

Research Questions

How Many People Are in the Audience?

How Often Do the Same People Show Up in the Audience?

Who Are the Audience Members?

How Much Does It Cost to Reach the Audience?

Related Readings

  8  Audience Research in Programming

Radio Programming

Television Programming Broadcast

Cable

The Internet

Research Questions

Did I Attract the Intended Audience?

How Loyal Is My Audience?

What Other Stations or Programs Does My Audience Use?

How Do Structural Factors Like Scheduling Affect Program Audience Formation?

Should We Continue to Produce This Program?

When Will a Program’s Costs Exceed Its Benefits?

Related Readings

  9  Audience Research in Financial Analysis

Research Questions

How Effectively Does the Organization Compete for Market Revenues?

What Is the Value of a Programming Investment?

What Is the Value of a Media Property?

What Determines the Value of an Audience?

What Contribution Do Ratings Make to Revenues?

Related Readings

10  Audience Research in Social Policy

Government

Industry

The Public

Research Questions

What Do the Media Do to People?

What Do People Want?

What Are the Economic Implications of Various Policies?

Related Readings

Appendix A: DMA Market Rankings

Glossary

Bibliography and Additional Sources

Author Index

Subject Index

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