11. Education: Communications and Law

(1) The R.O.T.C. must accouter their cadets well in order to show off their candidates.

Simile: “Both accoutered like young men.” —William Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice III:iv

(1) Juan addressed the class about the importance of teamwork.

(2) accost; adopt; attend to; come to; concentrate on; deal with; focus on; take up

Antithesis: “A man without an address is a vagabond; a man with two addresses is a libertine.” —George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and essayist (1856–1950)

Alliteration: I am afraid you find my address will be more like an assault, and accost, that will agitate and aggravate the status quo.

Parallelism: “Lawyers are the implements of pain we set forth at one another. The first sent to address a situation, the retaliatory second to counterinflict and thereby equalize the pain imposed by the first. Repeat until both parties are economically depleted.” —Unknown

Simile: “My address is like my shoes. It travels with me. I abide where there is a fight against wrong.“ —Mother Jones, American labor organizer (1830–1930)

(1) “Most quarrels amplify a misunderstanding.” —Andre Gide, French writer (1869–1951)

(1) A hearing aid will amplify sound, not repair lost hearing.

(2) add details to; clarify; develop; elaborate on; go into details about

(2) place an order; marshal troops; parade

(3) dress in fine or showy attire

Alliteration: “Days of absence, sad and dreary, Clothed in sorrow’s dark array, Days of absence, I am weary; She I love is far away.” —William Shakespeare, English dramatist, playwright, and poet (1564–1616)

Metaphor: “The schoolmaster is abroad! And I trust to him armed with his primer against the soldier in full military array.” —Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher and activist (1748–1832)

Metaphor: “Stupidity, outrage, vanity, cruelty, iniquity, bad faith, falsehood/we fail to see the whole array when it is facing in the same direction as we.” —Jean Rostand, French historian and biologist (1894–1977)

(1) “Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision, and relentlessly drive it to completion.”—Jack Welch, American chemical engineer, business executive, and author

Metaphor: “Talkers are usually more articulate than doers, since talk is their specialty.” —Thomas Sowell, American writer and economist (1930–)

(1) His reputation has been bandied enough by his detractors.

(2) spread something in an unfavorable context

(3) toss or hit something back and forth

(1) The editors blue penciled some of the more descriptive dialog.

(1) “Outstanding leaders go out of their way to boost the self-esteem of their personnel. If people believe in themselves, it’s amazing what they can accomplish.” —Sam Walton, American businessman and entrepreneur (1918–1982)

(1) “A champion is someone who gets up when he can’t.” —Jack Dempsey, former world heavyweight boxing champion

(1) “A champion is afraid of losing. Everyone else is afraid of winning.” —Billy Jean King, tennis champion

Antithesis: “We cannot be both the world’s leading champion of peace and the world’s leading supplier of the weapons of war.” —President Jimmy Carter

Repetition: “I am a member of a team, and I rely on the team, I defer to it and sacrifice for it, because the team, not the individual, is the ultimate champion.” Mia Hamm, American soccer player (1972–)

Metaphor: “To chronicle the wars of kites and crows, fighting in the air.” —John Milton, English poet, historian, and scholar (1608–1674)

Metaphor: “Life is easy to chronicle, but bewildering to practice.” —E. M. Forster, English novelist and essayist (1879–1970)

Simile: “Being in politics is like being a football coach. You have to be smart enough to understand the game and dumb enough to think it’s important.” —Eugene J. McCarthy, American democratic senator from Minnesota (1916)

(1) “In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed.” —Charles Darwin, English naturalist (1809–1882)

Metaphor: “The purpose of life is to collaborate for a common cause; the problem is, nobody seems to know what it is.” —Gerhard Gschwandtner, American businessman

(1) “To appreciate present conditions, collate them with those of anti-quity.” —Basil Bunting, British poet (1900–1985)

(1) Collate the results of the survey, and then begin to search for the distribution and dispersion of the data.

(2) group, connect, or chunk together in a certain order; place close by one another

(1), (2) The students were asked to find synonyms that can collocate with certain words.

(1) I communicated the new pricing to all existing customers.

(1) “To effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.” —Tony Robbins, American self-help author and motivational speaker (1960–)

Antithesis: “The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.” —George Bernard Shaw, Irish literary critic, playwright, essayist, and winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize for Literature (1856–1950)

Metaphor: “Many attempts to communicate are nullified by saying too much.” —Robert Greenleaf, American author and consultant

Parallelism: “He who knows, does not speak (communicate). He who speaks (communicates), does not know.” —Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism (600 B.C.–531 B.C.)

Repetition: “Communicate, communicate, and then communicate some more.” —Bob Nelson, American stand-up comedian and actor (1958–)

Simile: “Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after.” —Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American writer and aviation pioneer (1906–2001)

Vivid imagery: “To listen well is as powerful a means of communication and influence as to talk well.” —John Marshall, Supreme Court Justice of the United States (1755–1835)

(2) combine two strings to form a single one

(1), (2) The concatenate function is a useful way to combine text from two or more fields into one field of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Alliteration: It helps people to connect and conceive a complex idea such as creationism if you can conceptualize it.

(1) A great manager has the ability to concinnate a diverse team with multiple skills and egos.

(1) Jason confabulated about the trade expo for more than an hour.

(1) We will counsel our clients to be aware of Ponzi-type schemes.

(1) “I have only one counsel for you: Be master.” —Napoleon Bonaparte, French general, politician, and emperor (1769–1821)

Metaphor: “When we turn to one another for counsel, we reduce the number of our enemies.” —Khalil Gibran, Lebanese-born American philosophical essayist, novelist, and poet (1883–1931)

Metaphor: “Go not to the elves for counsel, for they will say both yes and no.” —J. R. R. Tolkien, English writer and author of the epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings (1892–1973)

Parallelism: “He that gives good advice, builds with one hand; he that gives good counsel and example, builds with both; but he that gives good admonition and bad example, builds with one hand and pulls down with the other.” —Francis Bacon, Sr., English lawyer and philosopher (1561–1626)

Simile: “There is as much difference between the counsel that a friend giveth, and that a man giveth himself, as there is between the counsel of a friend and a flatterer.” —Francis Bacon, Sr., English lawyer and philosopher

Vivid imagery: “There is a time to take counsel of your fears, and there is a time to never listen to any fear.” Gen. George Patton, American general in World War I and World War II (1885–1945)

(1) circumscribe; delimitate; delimit; demarcate; mark out

(1), (2) Clearly defining the scope of the project will help prevent scope creep.

(1), (2) If it was before, it is no longer difficult to define a liberal and conservative voter.

Alliteration: If you can describe, delineate, and define the differences, you will have accomplished something no one thought was doable.

(1) Delegating responsibilities to team members is one of the first tasks of a project manager.

(1) “Surround yourself with the best people you can find, delegate authority, and don’t interfere.” —President Ronald Reagan (1911–2004)

(1) “You can delegate authority, but not responsibility.” —Stephen W. Comiskey

(1) An early step of research is to delimit the boundaries or what you will not attempt to do.

(1) Philip’s ideas about the new product were delineated in his proposal to the committee.

(1) “The primary vehicle that Pat uses to engage people is public speaking.”

(2) arrange for the services of; employ; hire

(3) arrange for the use of; reserve

(4) draw into; involve

(5) attract and hold; employ and keep busy; occupy

(6) mesh together

Repetition: “Certainly. Of course. That’s PART of it. And always coming to school or when we’re going home, you’re to walk with me, when there ain’t anybody looking—and you choose me and I choose you at parties, because that’s the way you do when you’re engaged.” —Mark Twain, Tom Sawyer

Visual imagery: “‘That is my own opinion,’ replied the traveler; ‘but one thing among many others seems to me very wrong in knights-errant, and that is that when they find themselves about to engage in some mighty and perilous adventure in which there is manifest danger of losing their lives, they never at the moment of engaging in it think of commending themselves to God, as is the duty of every good Christian in like peril; instead of which, they commend themselves to their ladies with as much devotion as if these were their gods, a thing which seems to me to savour somewhat of heathenism.’” Miguel Cervantes, Don Quixote

(2) take as a wife

(1) The governor espoused a program of tax cuts.

(2) “Effingham had, from the commencement of the disputes between the colonists and the crown, warmly maintained what he believed to be the just prerogatives of his prince; while, on the other hand, the clear head and independent mind of Temple had induced him to espouse the cause of the people.” —James Fenimore Cooper, The Pioneer

(2) “He should espouse Elizabeth her daughter.” —William Shakespeare, King Richard III

(2) indicate; make manifest without a doubt

(1), (2) The final vote evinced every one of the Senator’s true beliefs.

(1), (2) “To judge from the conduct of the opposite parties, we shall be led to conclude that they will mutually hope to evince the justness of their opinions, and to increase the number of their converts by the loudness of their declamations and the bitterness of their invectives.” —Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers

(1) The professor’s lecture expatiated beyond the printed syllabus.

(2) add details to an account or an idea

(3) roam or wander freely

(4) speak or write in great detail

Alliteration: “Now, as the business of standing mast-heads, ashore or afloat, is a very ancient and interesting one, let us in some measure expatiate here.” —Herman Melville, Moby Dick

Vivid imagery: “When people are too well off, they always begin to long for something new. And so it came to pass, that the bird, while out one day, met a fellow bird, to whom he boastfully expatiated on the excellence of his household arrangements. But the other bird sneered at him for being a poor simpleton, who did all the hard work, while the other two stayed at home and had a good time of it. For, when the mouse had made the fire and fetched in the water, she could retire into her little room and rest until it was time to set the table. The sausage had only to watch the pot to see that the food was properly cooked, and when it was near dinner-time, he just threw himself into the broth, or rolled in and out among the vegetables three or four times, and there they were, buttered, and salted, and ready to be served. Then, when the bird came home and had laid aside his burden, they sat down to table, and when they had finished their meal, they could sleep their fill till the following morning: and that was really a very delightful life.” —Grimm Brothers, The Mouse, the Bird, and the Sausage

Visual imagery: “But, in order to expiate the sin of avarice, which was my undoing, I oblige each passer-by to give me a blow.” —Andrew Lang, Arabian Nights

Visual imagery: “Thou whose injustice hath supplied the cause That makes me quit the weary life I loathe, As by this wounded bosom thou canst see How willingly thy victim I become, Let not my death, if haply worth a tear, Cloud the clear heaven that dwells in thy bright eyes; I would not have thee expiate in aught The crime of having made my heart thy prey; But rather let thy laughter gaily ring And prove my death to be thy festival.” —Miguel Cervantes, Don Quixote

(1) The research findings will endeavor to explicate the theory of dark matter.

Collocates to: cognition, findings, issues, orders, plans, social behavior, text

(1) The generous nature of Safie was outraged by this command; she attempted to expostulate with her father, but he left her angrily, reiterating his tyrannical mandate. —Mary Shelley, Frankenstein

(2) reason with someone earnestly, objecting to that one’s actions or intentions

Alliteration: “The discontented goose, who stoops to pass under the old gateway, twenty feet high, may gabble out, if we only knew it, a waddling preference for weather when the gateway casts its shadow on the ground.” —Charles Dickens, Bleak House

Repetition: “He ached with desire to express and could but gibber prosaically as everybody gibbered.” —Jack London, Martin Eden

(1) In his political speech, the senator was accused by the press of grandstanding when he made statements that were specifically designed to win quick applause from the audience but that did not contribute substantially to the matter under discussion.

(1) In the 20 years I have known him, I have never seen him imbibe that much liquor.

(1) “When schools fail to inculcate American values, giving short shrift to the history of the American Revolution, the American Civil War, and the American Civil Rights Movement, while emphasizing the history of Africa, Latin America, or Asia, they are severing the ties that bind Americans together in the name of diversity.” —Jennifer Braceras, “Not Necessarily in Conflict: Americans Can Be Both United and Culturally Diverse,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 29, issue 1, Fall 2005, p. 27–32

(2) teach by persistent urging

(3) implant ideas through constant admonishing

Antithesis: “‘You’re a thousand times better than me—’ he attempted to interpolate, but was in turn interrupted.” —Jack London, Burning Daylight

(1) “Although a number of journalists and academicians have alluded in passing to similarities between Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton, no systematic attempt has been made to juxtapose their presidencies.” —Phillip Henderson, “Clinton, Carter, and the Policy Wonk Presidency,” Perspectives on Political Science 26, issue 3, Summer 1997, p. 149

Repetition: “I am simply a liaison. I liaise.” —Dylan, The Transformers: Dark of the Moon

Alliteration: “In the United States today, we have more than our share of the nattering nabobs of negativism.” —Vice President Spiro Agnew

(1) “In the present system of the National Institute of Health grants, there is no way to succeed. No matter how much they prate in public about thinking outside the box and rewarding ‘high-risk’ proposals, the reviewers are the same and their self-interest is the same.” —Tom Bethell, “Challenging Conventional Wisdom,” American Spectator 38, issue 6, p. 50–53

Alliteration: “All periods prate against one another in your spirits; and the dreams and pratings of all periods were even realer than your awakeness!” —Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (1844–1900)

Metaphor: “This I conceive to be no time to prate of moral influences. Our men’s nerves require their accustomed narcotics and a glass of whiskey is a powerful friend in a sunstroke, and these poor fellows fall senseless on their heavy drills.” —Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross (1821–1912)

(1) “Every young man who came to the house—seeing those impressionable, smiling young faces (smiling probably at their own happiness), feeling the eager bustle around him, and hearing the fitful bursts of song and music and the inconsequent but friendly prattle of young girls ready for anything and full of hope—experienced the same feeling; sharing with the young folk of the Rostovs’ household a readiness to fall in love and an expectation of happiness.” —Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (1828–1910)

(1) Drew segued nicely from the previous speaker’s closing remarks into his Nobel Prize acceptance speech.

(1) “We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning—signifying renewal, as well as change.” —President John F. Kennedy, inaugural address, 20 January 1961

(2) represent or identify by using a symbol

Repetition: “But we cannot symbolize the fact that Plato does not precede Socrates by not putting the word ‘precedes’ between ‘Plato’ and ‘Socrates.’” —Bertrand Russell, British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and historian (1872–1970)

(2) release from duty

Antithesis: “Knightley had once told her it was because she saw in her the really accomplished young woman, which she wanted to be thought herself; and though the accusation had been eagerly refuted at the time, there were moments of self-examination in which her conscience could not quite acquit her.” —Jane Austen, English novelist (1775–1817)

(1) Susan tried her best to adjudicate the dispute as the sales team argued back and forth over the commission plan.

Alliteration: “He was the man with power to buy, to build, to choose, to endow, to sit on committees and adjudicate upon designs, to make his own terms for placing anything on a sound business footing.” —George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and cofounder of the London School of Economics (1856–1950)

Repetition: “It’s not really that I’ve been an advocate for hearing aids for a long time; it’s just that I’ve been losing my hearing for a long time! So it’s actually very important for me because I’m actually hearing impaired and I simply want to hear better!” —Leslie Nielsen, American actor and comedian (1926–2010)

Simile: “The history of reform is always identical; it is the comparison of the idea with the fact. Our modes of living are not agreeable to our imagination. We suspect they are unworthy. We arraign our daily employments.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

(1) He ceded the land to the city for a public park.

Parallelism: “And nobility will not be able to help you with your love; Love does not know how to cede to ancestral images.” —Propertius Sextus

(1) All parties will be provided an opportunity to conciliate or resolve the matter during the course of the investigation.

Alliteration: “As it was, she constantly doubted her own conclusions, because she felt her own ignorance: how could she be confident that one-roomed cottages were not for the glory of God, when men who knew the classics appeared to conciliate indifference to the cottages with zeal for the glory?” —George Eliot, pen name of Mary Ann Evans, English novelist (1819–1880)

Parallelism: “Nature is always consistent, though she feigns to contravene her own laws.” —Ralph Waldo Emerson

(1) “These two females did afterwards depone that Mr. Willet in his consternation uttered but one word, and called that up the stairs in a stentorian voice, six distinct times.” —Charles Dickens, English writer and social critic (1812–1870)

(1) “The unblushing Macdonald, without even endeavouring to exculpate himself from the crime he was charged with, meanly endeavoured to reproach Sophia with ignobly defrauding him of his money.” —Jane Austen, English novelist (1775–1817)

(1) Justin spent 15 years in prison before new DNA evidence helped exonerate him.

(1) “‘I imagine one cannot exonerate such a man from blame, though he is your brother,’ said Alexey Alexandrovitch severely.” —Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (1828–1910)

(2) deprive of ownership; dispossess

(1) Unfortunately, the federal law of imminent domain is too often used by local governments to expropriate land that could not be purchased otherwise.

Alliteration: “Under current choice-of-law rules, each State has an incentive to expropriate out-of-state corporations to benefit in-state plaintiffs.” —Michele Greve, “Business, the States, and Federalism’s Political Economy,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy Summer 2002, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p895

Parallelism: “Expropriate the capitalists through the state which the capitalists created.” —Unknown

(1) The district attorney made the deal expunging his criminal record in exchange for his testimony in another case.

(2) remove passages from works deemed obscene

(3) delete; expunge

(1) With current DNA technology available for criminal cases, it will either inculpate or exculpate the guilty or the innocent.

(1) In a disturbing trend lately, presidents of nonprofit organizations have been inuring payoffs from vendors of the organization.

(1) “Often privatization is motivated by profit, and that doesn’t inure to the public benefit as often as we’d like.” —David Patterson, former New York governor

(2) confiscate; seize; take over

Parallelism: “Let him sequester himself, from the company of his countrymen, and diet in such places, where there is good company of the nation where he travelleth.” —Sir Francis Bacon, English author, courtier, and philosopher (1561–1626)