Java's implementation of the DTLS API is transport-independent and lightweight. The design considerations for the API were as follows:

• Read timeouts will not be managed
• The implementation will use a single TLS record for each wrap/unwrap operation
• The application, not the API, will be required to:
• Determine timeout values
• Assemble out-of-order application data

The DTLS is a protocol that is used to secure data from the application-layer before that data is passed to a transport layer protocol. DTLS is a good solution for encrypting and transmitting real-time data. Caution should be exercised so that we do not introduce vulnerabilities in our application's implementation. Here are some security considerations that are specific to implementing DTLS in your Java applications:

• Implement DTLS v1.2, since that is the latest version supported by Java.
• Avoid Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption. If RSA must be used, add additional security to your private keys since this is a weak point for RSA.
• Use 192 bits or more when using the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) anonymous key agreement protocol. The 192-bit value is based on a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommendation.
• The use of Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD), a form of encryption, is highly recommended. AEAD provides authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity assurances on the data being encrypted and decrypted.
• Always implement the renegotiation_info extension when implementing a handshake renegotiation.
• Establish a Forward Secrecy (FS) capability in all Java applications using a communication protocol. Implementing FS ensures past session encryption keys are not compromised when long-term encryption keys are compromised. Ideally, a Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), where each key is only valid for a single session, would be used in the Java applications that call for the greatest security of transmitted data.