Note to the reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page numbers indicate primary discussions of a topic. Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.
#
¼ view, 6
1K Academy, 18
2D blur, 515
2D graphics software, 2
2D texture nodes, 306
3D, 2
3D animation. See computer graphics (CG)
3D blur, 515
3D text, for flying logo, 395
3D textures, 310
4K Academy, 18
8-bit image file, 14
16-bit image file, 14
24-bit color display, 14
32-bit image file, 14
A
Academy Standard aspect ratio, 18
acceleration
animation curve for, 370
for bouncing ball, 372
Accuracy attribute
for Final Gathering, 556
for indirect lighting, 536
active rigid body, creating, 568
acts, 23
Adaptive for Tessellation Method option, 220
Adaptive Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520
Add Attribute window, 446, 446
Add Divisions tool, 131–132, 154
Mode drop-down menu, 132
options, 246
additive color, 16
Adobe After Effects, 7, 15, 525, 542, 543
Adobe Flash format, from Maya Vector, 504
Adobe Illustrator, 12
Adobe Illustrator format, from Maya Vector, 504
Adobe Photoshop. See Photoshop (Adobe)
aggravation, and troubleshooting, 380
Aim Vector setting, 442
alpha channel, 15, 293, 318, 498, 500
displaying for render, 505
shadows rendered in, 531–532, 532
viewing, 500
Alpha Is Luminance attribute, 549
with mouse, 35
Ambient Color attribute, of shaders, 290, 291
Ambient Occlusion, 537, 537–543
compositing results, 542–543, 543, 544
living room, 538–540, 539, 540, 541
shader attributes, 540
Anamorphic Ratio aspect ratio, 18
angle of view, 23
animation, 4, 10. See also axe
throwing; Bouncing_Ball project;
skeletons; special effects animations
with dynamics, playback, 564
of flying text, 393–397, 397, 398
in Solar System project, 50–53
through lattice, 205, 205–207, 207
animation curves in Graph Editor, 367–368, 368, 369
for walk cycle, 422
animation layers, 91
Animation menu set (F2), 48, 51, 69, 71, 198
Animate
Create Editable Motion Trail , 388
Ghost Selected, 391
Motion Paths Attach To Motion Path , 390, 396
Motion Paths Flow Path Object , 396
Set Driven Key, Set, 445
Set Key , 48
Constrain
Aim , 442
Geometry, 443
Orient , 442
Parent, 454
Scale , 442
Create Deformers
Lattice , 272
Nonlinear Flare, 198
hotkey for, 71
Skeleton
IK Spline Handle Tool, 440
Joint Tool, 414
Skin Bind Skin
Smooth Bind , 429
Skin Detach Skin, 431
Skin Edit Rigid Skin, Create Flexor, 432
Skin Edit Smooth Skin, Paint Skin Weights Tool , 434
Skin Go To Bind Pose, 431, 432
Animation Preferences icon, 51, 69, 366
Animation Preferences window, 383
playback speed, 371
playback speed of animation, 384
antagonist, 22
mental ray quality settings for, 520–521
Anti-aliasing Contrast attribute, 524
for mental ray rendering, 521, 522
anticipation, 26
Approximation Editor, for mental ray, 553
Arc and Cone End Radius attribute, for volume light, 467
areas, in vector image, 12
array, copying into, 142–144, 143–145
art, 2
Artisan feature, 138
aspect ratio, 18
for reference plane images, 226
Assign Material To Selection, 49
asymmetrical composition, 21
Attach Surfaces command, 181, 182
Attach To Motion Path option box, 396
Attribute Editor, 33, 33, 69, 85–86, 86
Attributes menu Add Attributes, 446
changing NURBS torus creation attributes, 45, 45
Color attribute, 354
creation nodes, 119
Folder icon for Image Name field, 330, 331
for hand lattice, 201
for key light, 488
for nParticles, 578
opening, 48
projection node in, 304
Render Stats section, 473
selected object attributes, 35
for shaders, Raytrace Options, 508
tabs, 55
for Wood texture, 297, 339, 340
attributes
attaching to top node, 445
keyframe for, 52
of nodes, 54
of rigid dynamic bodies, 565–566
audio, 8
Auto Keyframe feature, 61, 69, 105, 366, 380–381
AutoCAD, 12
AutoDesk Mudbox, 196
AVI file format, 15
from playblasting, 64
Axe project
adjusting existing model, 198, 198–200
baking wood-grain texture to, 302
Scenes folder
AxeHead_v01.ma file, 198
axe_model_v1.mb file, 180, 180
axe_texture_A.mb file, 294
axe_texture_B.mb file, 298
axe_texture_C.mb file, 301
Sourceimages folder, Axe_outline_1.tif, 513
adding follow-through, 384–386
adding spin, 383
center of balance for pivot point, 377, 377
sharp edge, 376
files
axe_path_v1.mb, 391
axe_path_v2.mb, 391
Axe_Replace.ma, 392
axe_v1.mb, 377
axe_v3.mb, 380
axe_v4.mb, 384
axe_v5.mb, 387
axe_v8.mb, 393
keyframing gross animation, 379–384
replacing axe, 392
speed of animation, 383
summation, 392
axis of motion, for axe throwing, 380
B
background, render layer for, 528
background color, for rendering, 513
background plane, 21
backup, Incremental Save to create, 44
baking
texture projection, 302
balance and symmetry, 21
ball. See also Bouncing_Ball project
bouncing, with rigid bodies, 563, 563
of Livingroom project, 541
Script Editor feedback on progress, 542
Bend deformer, 196–197, 197, 403, 404
aligning with catapult arm, 403
bevel node, 94
Bevel Surface function, 174, 174
beveling
polygon face, troubleshooting, 236–238, 237
wagon edges, 268–270, 269, 270, 272
binary numbers, for color, 16
Bind Method parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429
Bind To parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429
binding skeletons, to geometry, 427–431
Bins tab, in Hypershade window, 89
bitmap-based software, 2
bitmap (raster) images, 12
attributes, 293
blocking, 365
Block_Man project, 412, 412, 413
for creating skeleton, 414–416, 415, 416
files
block_man_IK_v01.mb, 438
block_man_skeleton_v01.mb, 417
block_man_skeleton_v02.mb, 418
block_man_v01.mb, 414
block_man_v02.mb, 412
block_walk_v01.avi, 423
block_walk_v01.mov, 423
FK walk cycle, 418–423, 419, 420, 421
Blur By Frame attribute, 515
Blur Length attribute, 515
blurring reflections, 557, 557–558, 558
bolts
copying into array to create, 142–144, 143–145
Metal shader for, 341–342, 342
bones, 410
Boolean operation
and Outliner hierarchy, 279, 279
for wood indentation, 277, 278
bounce, 504
Bounciness attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566, 570
bouncing ball, with rigid bodies, 563, 563
Bouncing_Ball project, 364–375
animation curves in Graph Editor, 367, 367
creating project, 365
files
ball_v01.mb, 372
ball_v02.mb, 373
ball_v04.mb, 375
squash and stretch technique, 373, 373–374
boundary surface, 174–175, 175
bounding box dolly, 34
box modeling, 119
boxes, combining and merging, 134–137, 134–137
Break Tangents icon, 386
brightness of color, 17
Brush Profile attribute, for Paint Effects, 591
brushes for Paint Effects, 589, 589
Bucket tool (Photoshop), 328
buffer, saving previous render in, 490
Bulge texture, 307
Bump Mapping attribute, of shaders, 291, 291
By Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499
C
Camera, Aim, And Up (three-node camera), 510, 510
Camera And Aim (two-node camera), 510, 510
camera image planes, 513, 513–514
Camera view panel, lighting mode in, 491
cameras, 3
Attribute Editor for, 511, 511
clipping planes, 512
Environment, 513
Film Back, 512
locking and unlocking, 486, 518
motion blur, 515
point of view (POV) of, 23
setup for wine bottle, 518
candlelight, 465
and manipulator hotkeys, 78
Cartesian coordinate system, 19
cartoon look
ball
from vector rendering, 504, 504
case sensitivity of Maya, 33, 42
for keyboard shortcuts, 77
Catapult_Anim project
animation, with deformers, 403, 403–406
Scenes folder
catapult_anim_v1.mb, 401
catapult_anim_v2.mb, 406
winch, 401
CCIR 601/Quantel NTSC, 501
center of balance, for pivot point, 377, 377
Center of Mass attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571
CG. See computer graphics (CG)
CG studios, desired employee qualities, 2
Channel Box, 33, 33, 85–86, 111, 112
vs. Attribute Editor, for multiple changes, 570
displaying, 83
entering values in, 42
for locking camera, 486
renaming sphere in, 41
selected object attributes, 35
Channel Box/Layer Editor, 69
icons on Status line, 97, 98, 98
channels, for color information, 14
Character Set menu, 69
Checker texture, 307
checkerboard pattern, 304
child node, 55
Chord Height Ratio, 179
clipping planes, 512
Cloth texture, 307
Cloud particle type, 579
clusters, of vertices or CVs, binding, 427
CMYK color, 17
code, network of nodes for organizing, 53–56
collisions
active rigid body and, 563
bounciness control, 570
of rigid dynamic bodies, 565
color, 16–17. See also shaders
assigning to shaders, 49
impact, 22
shaders for, 47
value and binding influence of selected joint, 435
color art, 6
Color attribute
for Cloud particles, 579
for Lambert shader, connecting image JPEG node to, 87–88, 88
for light, 462
Map icon for, 313
for Paint Effects, 591
for shaders, 286
Color Balance attribute, for textures, 305
for spot light, 484
color depth, 14
Color Joints parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429
Color Map icon, 339
color mapping, 350–359, 350–360
for Decorative Box, 354–355, 355
file node, 355
Color Picker (Photoshop), 328
Color Range attribute, for volume light, 467
color transparency, 286
color wheel, 16
Combine function, 133
complementary colors, 22
Component mode (F8), 125, 176, 202, 376
icon, 97
switching between Object mode and, 97
with layers, 525
compression, and color quality of image, 15
computer graphics (CG), 1, 2–4
3D coordinate space and axes, 19–20
aspect ratio, 18
frame rate, 19
raster images, 12
computer graphics imagery (CGI), 2
computer monitors, color variation, 17
conceptual art, 6
Cone Angle attribute, for spot light, 465
Constant option, for particle lifespan, 578
pole vector, 445
tangent, 445
context sensitivity, of menu choices, 69
contrast thresholds, for mental ray rendering, 522
Control Points method, for tessellation, 179
control vertices (CVs), 166, 167
binding clusters, 427
moving, 194
Convert Subdiv To Polygons option box, 220
converting. See baking
coordinates, 19
copying
UVs (surface coordinates), 331, 332
corners, beveling, 107, 108, 123–124
Cosine Power attribute, 293, 295
Count method, for tessellation, 179
Create, 70
Cameras, 510
CV Curve Tool , 149
Lights, Ambient Light, 297
NURBS Primitives, 76
Plane , 78
Sphere , 205
Torus, 45
Polygon Primitives, 76, 119, 196
Cube, 377
Cube , 375
Cylinder, 140, 196, 215, 375, 377
Cylinder , 241
Polygonal Primitives, Cube, Position, 92
Subdiv Primitives, Torus, 219
Text , 394
Create A New Layer And Assign Selected Objects icon, 90
Create/Bins panel, in Hypershade window, 89, 90
Create Deformers, Nonlinear, Wave, 443
Create Flexor option box, 432, 432
Create Maya Nodes panel (Hypershade), 47
Create New Layer And Assign Selected Objects icon, 526, 527, 538
Create New Layer icon, 91
Create PSD Network Options window, 309
Create Render Node window, 303
Create UVs, Planar Mapping , 333
creation nodes, 54
cubes, use in place of spheres, 61
Cubic option, for Point light decay rate, 464
Current frame, 105
Current Frame box, 52
current project, 139
Current Time indicator, 105
Current Tool display icon, 104
curves, 117
creating, for text animation, 394, 395
Custom Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520
Custom tab, for Shelf, 102
cuts, 23
CV mode, 192
CVs (control vertices), 167
binding clusters, 427
moving, 194
cylinder, for locomotive boiler, 140, 141
D
DAG (directed acyclic graph) nodes, 54
dailies, 498
Damping attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566
Decay Rate attribute
for Point light, 464
for spot light, 465
deceleration
animation curve for, 370
for bouncing ball, 372
Decorative Box project, 82–86, 103–106, 343–359
adding IBL node, 554–557, 555, 556
color mapping, 350–359, 350–360
default bevel, 94
Depth of Field attribute, 558–559, 559
displacement mapping, 550, 550–553
hinge area, 107–110, 108, 109, 110
image references from photos, 83–85
reflections
reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549
Scenes folder
boxLighting02.ma, 546
boxLighting_v02.mb, 490
boxModel01.mb file, 85
boxModel03.mb file, 92
boxModel05.mb file, 103
boxModel06.mb file, 105
boxModel07.mb file, 111
boxRendering01.ma, 549
boxRendering02.ma, 553
boxRendering03.ma, 556
boxRendering04.ma, 559
boxTexture02.mb, 355
boxTexture03.mb, 359
Sourceimages folder, 83
boxCarvings.jpg, 547
boxColorMap02.jpg, 356
boxColorMap.tif, 352
boxColorMapWork01.tif, 352
DeskHDR.hdr, 545
DeskHDRLatLong.hdr, 554
UVs for feet, 344, 344–349, 345–349
UVs (surface coordinates) setup, 343, 343–349, 344
wrap-up, 559
default settings
restoring, 196
reverting to, 68
deformations, 524
deformers
Envelope attribute for, 404
grouping node, 405
Low Bound and High Bound attributes, 404
deleting construction history, of hand, 202
denormalizing view, 382
depth channel, 501
depth-map Resolution, default settings, 471
Depth of Field attribute, 558–559, 559
Descartes, René, 19
balance and symmetry, 21
color impact, 22
form, space and composition, 20–21
narrative, 22
Detach Surfaces tool, 182, 182
detaching skeletons, 431
detail areas on poly mesh, 131–138
Combine function, 133
Duplicate Face tool, 138
Extract tool, 138
Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133
Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134
Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138
Smooth tool, 138
Split Polygon tool, 132
details, 9
creating higher level, 211, 212
subdivisions for defining, 119
Device Aspect Ratio attribute, for rendering, 501
dialogue, recording, 8
Diffuse attribute, of shaders, 291, 292
diffused light, 287
Digital Fusion, 7
direct illumination, 476
directed acyclic graph (DAG) nodes, 54
Direction attributes, for particles, 582
Light Angle attribute, 473
and shadows, 471
Disable Normalized Curve Display icon, in Graph Editor, 382
disk cache, for particles, 581
displacement mapping, 550, 550–553
display detail, levels, 76, 76
Display Film Gate attribute, 518
of camera, 513
for reference planes, 231
Display menu, 70
Animation
IK Handle Size, 437
Joint Size, 414
Transform Display Selection Handles, 379, 393, 400, 402
Display Resolution attribute, of camera, 513
display resolutions, 45
increasing, 210
Division Levels slider, 132
Divisions option for Extrude, 122
docking Attribute Editor, 86
dolly, 34
donut shape, for Saturn rings, 45
Dropoff attribute, for spot light, 465
Duplicate Face tool, 138
dynamic bodies, 562
Dynamic Friction slider, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566
Dynamic Relationships Editor, for dynamic bodies, 563, 564, 564
dynamics, 562. See also nParticles
and rigid bodies' placement, 568
Dynamics menu set, 69
Fields
Affect Selected Objects, 565
hotkey for, 71
Soft/Rigid Bodies
Create Active Rigid Body, 563, 568
Create Passive Rigid Body, 563, 568
Set Active Key, 569
Set Passive Key, 569
E
for bouncing ball, 372
for bouncing ball, 372
Eccentricity attribute, of shaders, 317
edges
Edit (Hypershade), Duplicate, Shading Network, 330, 330
Edit menu, 70
Delete All By Type, History, 178
Delete By Type, History, 107, 130, 178, 202
Duplicate, 252
Shading Network, 336
Edit PSD Network, 309
Keys, Bake Simulation , 572, 573
Reset Settings, 144
Ungroup, 400
Edit NURBS
Attach Surfaces, 181
Detach Surfaces, 182, 182, 185, 189
Insert Isoparms , 186
Project Curve On Surface, 181
Sculpt Geometry Tool , 194
Trim, 181
Untrim Surfaces, 181
editing, 7
Effects attribute, for textures, 305
Emit Diffuse attribute, for light, 462
Emit Specular attribute, for light, 462
emitter for nParticles, 576–581
options, 576
Enable Normalized Curve Display icon, 381
end effector, for IK, 437
End Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499
Env Chrome reflection texture, 296, 297
Envelope attribute, for deformer, 404
Environment texture mode, 295
environment textures, 310
Erase option, for Artisan module, 195
Extract tool, 138
Extrude command, for fingers, 125–126, 126
extrusion tools
for creating NURBS surface, 171, 171–172
for polygons, 121, 121–122, 122
F
Faces filter, 125
faces of polygons, 100, 117, 117, 120
increasing number of, 131
Falloff Radius attribute, for Soft Select, 81
Far Clip Plane attribute, of camera, 512
FCheck frame player, 15, 519, 519
feet, troubleshooting rotation into ground, 437, 438
fields for dynamic bodies, 562
active rigid body and, 563
file formats, for images, 15
File menu, 70
Import, 392
New Scene, 40
Project
Save Scene, 240
file node, 307
converting texture projection to, 302
File texture node, 308
filenames, 44
frame range for, 499
files, saving multiple versions, 44
for decorative box, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489
Film Back attribute, of camera, 512
Final Gather (FG), 476, 480, 534–537
Finder (Mac), 39
fireworks, nParticles for, 575
Fit Resolution Gate attribute, of camera, 512
fixed references, 19
Fixed Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520
FK. See Forward Kinematics (FK)
Flare deformer, 198
Flash, 12
flat-text effect, 394
flexors, for Rigid Bind, 432
floating effect, 444
floating menus, 73
floor plane, creating, 488
Flow Path Object option box, 397
flowers, Paint Effects brush for, 590
fluids, 562
flying text
animation of, 393–397, 397, 398
troubleshooting, 397
Focal Length attribute, of camera, 511, 511
focus, in Perspective window, 45
Fog Intensity attribute, 481–482
Fog Spread attribute, 481, 481–482
folder structure, 38
Foley sound, 8
follow-through, 26
and secondary motion, 385
form, space and composition, 20–21
Forward Kinematics (FK), 410, 411
walk cycle, 418–423, 419, 420, 421
Foundry NUKE, 525
four-color process, 17
four-panel layout, 40
displaying, 32
spacebar for switching to, 74
fps (frames per second), 19
fractal node, connecting reverse node to, 320
Fractal texture, 307
Fractional Tolerance, for tessellation, 179
Frame Padding attribute, for rendering sequence, 499, 499
frame rate, 19
saving in Render View window, 506
framing in thirds, 21
Free Movement box, 36
Free rotation handle, 36
Freeze Transform tool, 184, 252, 364–365
friction, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566
Full Perspective window. See also Perspective windows
fusing multiple vertices, 133
fuzziness, of wood texture, 489
G
General Tessellation method, 179
geometry, 9
attaching to skeletons, 416–417, 427–431
Geometry constraint, 443–444, 444
ghosting, 391
glass, Ambient Occlusion and, 540
Global Illumination, 474–475, 504
turning off, 539
Glow Color attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483
Glow Intensity attribute
for OpticalFX node, 483
Glow Radial Noise attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483, 483
Glow Type attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482
gradients, 306
ball's animation curves in, 367, 367
for walk cycle animation curves, 422
grass, Paint Effects brush for, 589, 590
gravity field
connecting body plane to, 564
creating, 568
grayscale image, 14
grid snaps, 43
turning on, 59
Grid texture, 307
gross animation, 365
group
adding object to, 63
terminology, 63
grouping objects
axe parent node under target parent node, 387
Earth and Moon, 60
IK handles to wheel, troubleshooting, 454
for new pivot point, 53
H
hair, 562
Halo Type attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482
hand. See also Poly_Hand project
animating index finger, 447, 447
elongating and thinning, 201
lattice applied, 201
views with joints placement, 426, 427
handlebar, Metal shader for, 341–342, 342
hardware particles, 578
HDRI (High Dynamic Range Imagery), 14, 544–546, 545, 546
HDTV (High Definition TV), 18
Height attribute, for rendering, 501
Help line, 103, 104, 104, 106, 106
percentage readout on, 132
Help menu, 70
hierarchy
arrow keys to move through, 415
correcting problems with Outliner, 62–63, 63
and Maya object structure, 53–56
in Outliner and Hypergraph windows, 56, 56
selecting different levels, 97
Hierarchy mode, 60
icon, 97
switching between Object Selection mode and, 57, 57
High Bound attribute, for deformer, 404
High Definition TV (HDTV), 18
High Dynamic Range Imagery (HDRI), 14, 475, 544–546, 545, 546
higher-resolution polygon models, 118
Highlight Size attribute, of shaders, 293
deleting, for hand, 202
erasing, 142
History button (Status line), 54
History parameter, Bake History setting for, 431
Home function, 399
hotkeys
case sensitivity, 77
for views, 74
HSV Color Noise attributes, for ramp texture, 307
hubcap, for wagon wheel, 266
Hue/Sat/Value Rand attribute, for Paint Effects, 591
hue, saturation, and value (HSV) channels, 17
hulls, 166
selecting, 191
human hand. See Poly_Hand project
humpback style, for object names, 42
for attaching skeleton to geometry, 417, 417
Hypergraph Hierarchy window, 412, 413
Hypershade window, 47, 47, 49, 90, 286, 330, 330
with colored planet shading groups, 50
importing photos into, 228
mapping reference planes with, 88–90
Materials tab, 87
node display in, 551
opening, 227
Phong shader for metal, 294
for steam nParticle object, 587, 588
Textures tab, 86
I
IBL node, adding, 554–557, 555, 556
IBL sphere, 545
IFF (Maya Image File Format), 498
IK. See Inverse Kinematics (IK)
IK chains, 411
uses for, 440
IK Handle tool, 437
attaching, 454
IK solver, 411
Illuminates by Default attribute, for light, 462, 468
illustrated look, from vector rendering, 504, 504
image-based lighting (IBL), 475–476, 544
orienting, 556
image format, for rendering, 498
image map, for wagon decals, 322
image mattes, 293
image planes, creating, 513
image sequence, from playblasting, 64
images
file formats, 15
rendering only portion, 505
Images folder, 38
importing
image file
as camera image plane, 514
Impulse Position attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571
in-betweens, 24
Incandescence attribute
for Cloud particles, 579
for Paint Effects, 591
for shaders, 290
Incandescent shader, 534
indirect illumination, 476
inertia, 26
infinity of curves, 370
information readout, in Render View window, 505, 506
initial keyframes, setting, 379
Initial Spin attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571
Initial Velocity attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571
Input box, entering values in, 42
Input/Output connections, on Status line, 97
Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133, 140, 141
Insert Isoparms tool, 183, 183, 186, 186
Insert Keys tool, 391
inserting, keyframes, 391
Intensity attribute, for light, 462
Interactive Creation, 196
confirming toggled off, 84
Interactive Photorealistic Rendering (IPR), 298, 491, 506–507, 507
interpolation
of landing keyframes, 372
for ramp texture, 306
Inverse Kinematics (IK), 410, 436–440
walk cycle, creating, 438–440, 439, 440
inverse kinematics (IK) bones, 399
IPR (Interactive Photorealistic Rendering), 298, 491, 506–507, 507
IPR Render The Current Frame icon, 298
IPR renderer, 76
IRIDAS FrameCycler, 15
creating, 183
selecting, 176, 176, 182, 186, 186
J
Jitter attribute, for mental ray rendering, 521
joint clusters, 429
Joint tool, 414
joints in skeleton, 410
changing size, 414
positioning in hand, 425
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), 15, 498
K
Keep Faces Together command, 214, 215
Attribute Editor for, 488
for decorative box, 485
directional lights for, 486, 487
keyboard conventions, 32
keyboard shortcuts. See hotkeys
in animation curve, 369
automatically setting, 61
converting simulation to, 572
and dynamic bodies, 565
in Graph Editor, 368
inserting, 391
for Mercury orbit, 58
and passive rigid body, 569
for Rotate Y attribute, 60
setting initial, 379
Shift+W to set, 365
for Y-axis rotation, 53
Lambert icon, 47
Lambert shaders, 87, 88, 287, 287
attaching image to Color attribute of, 307–308
Lasso Select icon, 104
LatLong (Latitude/Longitude) layout, 545–546, 546
lattice, 427
animation through, 205, 205–207, 207
for Teakettle project, 216, 216
Layer Editor
basics, 91
Display tab, 90
order of render layers, 530, 530
organizing workflow with, 90–91
Attribute Editor for, 299, 299
Transparency Map, 299–300, 300
layers, 7. See also render layers
creating, 91
saving TIF file with, 352
left mouse button (LMB), 69
Length Min/Max attribute, for Paint Effects, 592
letterboxing, 18
lifespan, for particles, 578, 584
LifespanPP Only option, for particle lifespan, 578
Light Angle attribute, of directional lights, 473
light glow, 482
light linking, 462, 468, 468–469
Light Radius attribute, and soft shadows, 473
Light Shape attribute, for volume light, 467
lighting, 10–11, 24, 457. See also shadows
2K Academy, 3
attributes, 462
learning to see, 458
practical lighting, 461
three-point lighting, 459–461, 460
for decorative box, 485, 485–491
Physical Sun and Sky lighting, 476–480, 477, 478
for scene, 467
and shaders, 287
Show Manipulator tool, 492, 492
tips for using and animating, 491–492
lighting artist, 491
Lighting project
files
Red WagonSunlight_v01.ma, 476
still_life_mentalray_v01.mb, 534
still_life_render_v01.mb, 516
still_life_render_v02.mb, 511
still_life_v01.mb, 491
still_life_v03.mb, 483
Scenes folder, still_life_v02.mb, 526
Lighting/Shading, Assign New Material, Layered Shader, 299
Linear option, for Point light decay rate, 464
Linear Tangents tool, 372
Lines Selection Filter, 176
lip movements, connecting with dialogue, 8
lip-synch, 8
Living room project
Ambient Occlusion pass, 538–540, 539, 540, 541
Outliner view of glass, 541
rendering with layers, 541
Scenes folder, livingRoom_v2.mlb, 538
LMB (left mouse button), 69
locomotive. See Steam Locomotive project
lofting, for creating NURBS surface, 169–170, 170
Lofting_Exercise project, Chap_5_Lofting_Exercise_1.ma file, 175
Low Bound attribute, for deformer, 404
low-count poly models, 118
M
Macintosh
keys, 34
screen display, 32
Main Menu bar, 32, 33, 69, 69–72
vs. Hotbox, 72
Manipulators, 35, 77–79, 78. See also specific types
scaling handles, 79
Map icon, for Color attribute, 313
mappable shader, 308
mapping, 286
Photoshop for painting, 327–328, 329
reference planes, 227–231, 230
for texture mode, 303
Face, 338
for starfish, 211
Vertex, 105
Mass attribute, of rigid dynamic bodies, 565–566
masterLayer, for rendering, 527
matchmoving, 514
material nodes, 286
materials, override, 538
Matte Opacity attribute, of shaders, 292
matte surfaces, shader for, 287
Max Displacement slider, for push brush, 194
Max Distance attribute, for emitter, 577
Max Sample Level value, for mental ray rendering, 521, 522
Maxwell, 496
Maya Composite, 7
Maya dynamics engine, 561
Maya Embedded Language (MEL), 106, 598
Maya Hardware and Hardware 2.0, 496, 503, 503
Maya IFF (Maya Image File Format), 15
Maya Image File Format (IFF), 498
batch rendering, 516
motion blur, 515
wine bottle rendering, 516–519
MEL commands, 598
memory caching, for particles, 580–581
mental ray attributes, of shaders, 293
mental ray for Maya, 496
mental ray rendering, 504, 520–524
for decorative box, 486
Final Gather (FG), 476, 480, 534–537
and light linking, 469
passes in, 525
Physical Sun and Sky lighting, 476–480, 477, 478
quality settings for anti-aliasing, 520–521
Render Using pull-down menu, 496
menu command, adding to shelf, 597
menu items, Option box for, 48
access to, 96
drop-down menu, 69
mesh
Boolean operation to cut hole, 242
troubleshooting tear, 243–244, 243–245
for screws, bolts and handlebar, 341–342, 342
metal spike, Layered shader for, 298–301
middle mouse button (MMB), 69
midstride, 419
Min Distance attribute, for emitter, 577
Min Sample Level value, for mental ray rendering, 521, 522
MMB (middle mouse button), 69
MMB+click, 32
modeling, 8, 9. See also NURBS modeling; polygonal modeling
methods, 117
parametric, 46
models, Web resources for, 3
Modify menu, 70
Center Pivot, 267
Convert
NURBS to Polygons , 180
Polygons To Subdiv, 209, 210, 217
Subdiv To Polygons , 220
Freeze Transformations, 252, 267, 364, 387
Freeze Transformations , 184
Transformation Tools, Move Tool , 81
motion
simulation of, 562. See also dynamics
in vector programs, 13
motion blur, 515
motion study, 378
Mountain texture, 307
Move Manipulator (W), 35, 77, 112, 263
with snapping, 44
Move Nearest Picked Key Tool icon, 382
Move Pivot tool, for joint positioning, 425
Move tool, 36
for joint positioning, 425
movie files, 15
vs. sequence of images, rendering, 498
moving
CV points, 194
rigid dynamic bodies, 565
Mudbox (Autodesk), 196
Mult-Pixel Filtering heading, 521
multiple objects, selecting with Shift key, 35
Multiple Transfer mode, 542
music, 8
N
names
for files, 44
frame range for, 499
for nodes, 57
changing, 113
humpback style, 42
narrative, 22
National Television System Committee (NTSC), 17, 501
navigating, 68
shortcuts to, 34
nDynamics menu set, 69
nCache, Create New Cache, 581
nParticles, Create nParticles, 576, 581
Near Clip Plane attribute, of camera, 512
negative space, 21
Newton's laws of motion, 26–27
Attribute Editor tabs for, 86
names for, 57
network for organizing code, 53–54
shaders based on, 286
Noise texture, 307
Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline. See NURBS modeling
nonlinear deformer, 403
normalizing curves, 381
normals, 111
Normals, Set Normal Angle, 110
notes, in Attribute Editor, 112, 112
emitter for, 576–581, 581–583, 582, 583
options, 576
NTSC (National Television System Committee), 17, 501
NTSC D1, 18
NTSC DV, 18
Nuke, 7
null node, 63
NURBS curve, based on CVs, 262
NURBS cylinder, 184
vs. polygonal cylinder, 167
NURBS modeling, 41, 117, 165, 166–168
converting to polygons, 180
degrees of smoothness, 168
levels of detail, 168
NURBS plane, options for creating, 78
NURBS primitives, 118
vs. polygon, 119
NURBS pump
adding end caps, 186–188, 186–189
for locomotive, 184, 184–186, 185, 189–194, 190–194
NURBS sphere, creating, 111
NURBS surfaces, 167
Bevel Surface function, 174, 174
boundary surface, 174–175, 175
with extruded surface, 171, 171–172
with lofting, 169, 169–170, 170
planar surface, 172, 172–174, 174
with revolved surface, 170, 170
creating with Revolve technique, 142
History when creating, 177–178, 178
NURBS torus, changing creation attributes, 45, 45
O
Object Display, Drawing Overrides, 92, 107, 107
Object Selection mode (F8), 57, 57, 128, 176
icon, 97
switching between Component mode and, 97
objects. See also dynamic bodies
adding to group, 63
assigning lights to, 468
assigning shaders to, 297
axes for, 19
controlling shadows per, 472–473, 473
Local axis for, 380
names of, 41
changing, 113
and scene organization, 38
in Outliner, 113
pivot point of, 51
rotation, 52
troubleshooting, 449
selecting, 35
structure, hierarchy and, 53–56
trajectory of. See motion trails
Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134
Offset parameter, for Orient constraint, 442
opacity of image, 293
Opacity Scale attribute, for Cloud particles, 579
Opacity slider, for Sculpt Geometry tool, 195
OpenEXR format, 14
OpticalFX node, creating, 482–483
Option key on Macintosh, 34, 69, 74
with mouse, 35
Options (Hypergraph), Layout, Freeform Layout, 413
orbiting camera, in perspective window, 34
orbits of planets, animation, 50–51
organizing code, network of nodes for, 53–56
origin
of axes, 19
of surface, UV coordinates for, 323
orthogonal view, 34
orthographic view, 73–75, 74, 75
for attaching skeleton to geometry, 417, 417
Boolean operations and, 279, 279
for locomotive geometry, 150
selecting lattice and base node, 203, 203
Show Objects Joints, 418
Show Show All, 418
outputting work, playblasting, 64–65, 65
overlighting scene, 458
Overscan attribute, of camera, 512, 512–513
P
Paint Selection icon, 104
Paint Skin Weights tool, option box for, 435
painting map, Photoshop for, 327–328, 329
painting skin weights, 434–436, 436
PAL (Phase Alternation Line), 18
panel of storyboard, 5
Panels, Perspective, New, 486, 509
panels, in screen display, 32
panning, in Hypershade window, 87
parallax, in photos, 225
parametric modeling, 46
creating pivot point with, 56–57, 57
parenting, 63
Partition Set option, for Rigid Bind, 429
passive rigid bodies, creating, 568
pasting curves, frames for, 393
patch modeling, 166, 181, 183–194
patches, 166
peak keyframes, for ball, 372
pelvis, as root of figure, 412, 414
Penumbra Angle attribute, for spot light, 465
Penumbra attribute, for volume light, 467
percentage readout, on Status line, 103–104, 104
Perspective panel
activating on 4-panel layout, 64
X-Ray mode, 272
perspective shift, in photos, 225
perspective view, 73–75, 74. See also cameras
shaded planets in, 50
perspective view panel, 32
Perspective windows, 19, 68, 68–81
lighting mode in, 491
maximizing, 45
UV Texture Editor changes display in, 358
Y axis in, 51
Phase Alternation Line (PAL), 18
attributes, 293
attributes, 293
creating material, 339
photographers, 3
photoreal mapping, 343–359. See also Decorative Box project
photos
mapping to reference planes, 227–231, 230
Photoshop (Adobe), 12
for lining up image sides, 356–359
for painting map, 327–328, 329
using files for shading networks, 308–309
Physical Sun and Sky lighting (PSAS), 476–480, 477, 478
pick walking, 415
Pivot Placement mode, 143, 263
Pivot Point Manipulator, 59
pivot points
for axe target, 378
in block man, 412
for bolts copied in array, 144
center of balance for, 377, 377
creating, with parent node, 56–57, 57
grouping objects for, 53
for locomotive, 399
of objects, 51
for profile curve, 263
in skeleton, 410
Pixar, RenderMan for Maya, 496
Pixel Aspect Ratio attribute, for rendering, 501
pixels, 12
color of, 14
Pixologic ZBrush, 196
placement node
for Env Chrome texture, 296
for Wood texture, 297
planar projection, 304
planar surface, for NURBS surface, 172, 172–174, 174
plane, Option box for creating, 84
planning production, 23
playback controls, 33, 105, 105
playback of rendered images, 519
Playback Speed to Real-Time, 383
plug-ins, menu items for, 70
Point Density attribute, 536–537
Point Interpolation attribute, for Final Gathering, 536, 556
point of view (POV) of camera, 23
Point particles, 579
pole vector constraint, 445
polished metal, 295
poly mesh
combining with surfaces, 133
poly revolve, 150
polygon cylinder, options, 242
polygon proxy, 210
polygonal cylinder, vs. NURBS cylinder, 167
polygonal mesh, mental ray and, 553, 553
polygonal modeling, 117. See also Poly_Hand project; Steam Locomotive project
beveling face, troubleshooting, 236–238, 237
detail areas on poly mesh, 131–138
Combine function, 133
Duplicate Face tool, 138
Extract tool, 138
Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133
Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134
Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138
Smooth tool, 138
Split Polygon tool, 132
suggestions, 163
polygonal plane, creating, 83, 226–227
polygonal primitives, 118, 118
creating, 119
polygonal surface, UV coordinates for, 323, 323
polygons, 41
converting NURBS modeling to, 180
converting subdivision surfaces back to, 220–221
converting to subdivision surface, 209–213, 210, 217–219, 218
creating planar surface as, 173
creating, with NURBS surfaces, 178–179
Polygons, Rotate , 345
Polygons menu set (F3), 69, 208
Create UVs
Automatic Mapping, 344
Planar Mapping , 324
Edit Mesh
Add Divisions, 131
Bevel, 94
Bevel , 107, 123, 238, 250, 255, 255, 268, 274
Duplicate Face, 138
Extrude, 100, 121, 125, 134, 156, 214, 253, 254
Extrude , 122
Insert Edge Loop Tool, 108, 133, 140, 146, 216, 233, 234
Split Polygon Tool, 99, 103, 128, 132, 236
Wedge Face , 122, 128, 147, 249, 249
hotkey for, 71
Mesh
Combine, 136
Create Polygon, 119
Extract, 138
Fill Hole, 244
Sculpt Geometry Tool , 138
Separate, 136
Transfer Attributes , 331, 332, 336
Triangulate, 120
Modify
Center Pivot, 331
Freeze Transformations, 331
Select Convert Selection, To Faces, 324
poly cube for, 125
Scenes folder
detailed_poly_hand.ma file, 201
poly_hand_v1.mb file, 126
poly_hand_v3.mb file, 130, 131
smoothness, 130
Poly_Hand_Anim project
files
poly_hand_skeleton_v01.ma, 423, 423
poly_hand_skeleton_v02.ma, 431, 434
poly_hand_skeleton_v03.ma, 433
poly_hand_skeleton_v05.ma, 446
poly_hand_skeleton_v06.ma, 447
Pool_Table project
Scenes folder, Table_v1.mb, 568
table and balls, creating, 566, 566–568, 567, 568
Table_v2.mb, 570
pose animation, 418
positive space, 21
postprocess, Paint Effects rendering as, 592
practical lighting, 461
Preferences window, 51, 596, 596
Display, Subdivs, 210
Edit, Restore Default Settings, 68
Time slider, 564
Premiere, 15
planning, Solar System project, 37
Preview Quality, for rendering, 502, 503
primary colors, 16
Primary Diffuse Scale setting, for indirect lighting, 536–537
primitive sphere, 40
problems. See troubleshooting
procedural shading, 321
procedural textures, 301
planning, 23
Production Quality, for rendering, 503
professional broadcast, resolution for, 501
profile curve
creating for wagon, 262–267, 263
for extruded NURBS surface, 171
for hubcap, 266
for NURBS, 142
pivot point for, 263
Project Curve on Surface command, 181
projected light, 16
projection node, in Attribute Editor, 304
projections, textures with, 303–305
projects
setting, 139
props, 6
protagonist, 22
proxy object, animating, 392
PSAS (Physical Sun and Sky lighting), 476–480, 477, 478
PSD file node, for shading networks, 308–309
PSD network
editing, 309
for Lambert shader, 309
push brush, 194
Q
quad, 117
Quadratic option, for Point light decay rate, 464
Queue, setting to infinite, 51
QuickTime Pro, 15
R
Radial Frequency attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483
radiosity, 504
Radius attribute, for particles, 584
Radius Scale ramp, 584–585, 585
Radius Scale Randomize attribute, for particles, 584
Attribute Editor for, 307
disconnecting ramp from color, 315
Random Range option, for particle lifespan, 578
Range end frame, 105
Range slider, 33, 51, 51, 69, 105, 105–106
Range start frame, 105
raster images, 12
rasterization, 13
Rasterizer renderer with mental ray, 520
Rate attribute, for emitter, 577, 588
raytracing
attributes for, 292
with mental ray, enabling, 507
for shadows, 470, 470, 471–472
vs. shadow map shadows, 472
turning on, 486
Real-Time playback speed, 371
realism, details and, 277
Red Wagon project, 224, 224–231, 276
assigning shaders, 310–311, 312
axles, 267
bullnose
cleaning up scene, 252
floor
grouping panels, 252
handlebar, 241
cleaning faces around hole, 245–-247
materials, adding bump map, 317–321, 317–321
metal shader for screws, bolts and handlebar, 341–342, 342
modeling side panels, 232, 232–252
Boolean for cutting hole in panel, 241, 241–247
rounding edges, 250, 250–251, 251
shaping A panel, 232–235, 232–241
shaping B panel, 247–249, 247–251
creating revolved surfaces, 264–267, 265
revolve options, 265
with reference planes, 224–225, 225
render, 277
Scenes folder
Red WagonModel_v01.ma, 231
Red WagonModel_v02.ma, 241
Red WagonModel_v03.ma, 247
Red WagonModel_v04.ma, 252
Red WagonModel_v05.ma, 257
Red WagonModel_v06.ma, 267
Red WagonModel_v07.ma, 277
Red WagonModel_v08.ma, 310, 593
Red WagonRenderSettings.ma, 522
Red WagonTexture_v01.ma, 321
Red WagonTexture_v02.ma, 331
Red WagonTexture_v03.ma, 338
Red WagonTexture_v04.ma, 342
shader creation and assignment, 330
side panels, textures, 333, 333–336, 334, 337
Sourceimages folder, 226
striped image file, 329
toon-shading, 593–595, 593–595
UVs for A panel, 324–327, 325, 326
wheels
creating shading network, 313, 313–321
duplicating and placing, 268
Shader network, 318
reference images, toggling visibility, 103
reference layer, toggling visibility, 91
reference planes
assigning shaders to, 229
creating shaders to assign to, 87
Red Wagon project with, 224–225, 225
turning off, 107
Reflected Color attribute, of shaders, 293, 295, 295–296
reflecting lights. See Final Gather (FG)
reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549
reflections
for metal, 342
scattering, 474
true, 502
Reflectivity attribute, of shaders, 293, 296
refractions, 502
refractive index, 508
Relationship Editors, 565
for dynamic bodies, 563, 564, 564
for light linking, 468, 468, 469
Render
Cancel Batch Render, 516
IPR Render Current Frame, 298
Show Batch Render, 516
Quality tab, 524
Render controls, on Status line, 97
render engine, selecting, 496, 501–504
batch rendering with, 533, 533
compositing Ambient Occlusion results, 542–543, 543, 544
for still-life scene, 526, 526–533, 528
Render Node Display Area, in Hypershade window, 89
render nodes, 89
Render Override, for shadowPass layer, 531
Render Settings window, 294, 474
Features tab, 524
Indirect Lighting tab, 535, 536, 539, 554, 556
Maya Software tab, Quality setting, 320, 320
for mental ray, 520
Raytracing Quality heading, 471
Render The Current Frame icon (Status line), 96, 96
Render View window, 96, 298, 505–507, 506
saving single frames, 506
Ambient Occlusion, 537, 537–543
to AVI movie, 15
Decorative Box project, 546–559
reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549
nParticles, parameters for, 586–588
polygons for, 117
polygons vs. subdivision surfaces, 220
reflections and refractions, 507–509, 508
saving previous in buffer, 490
camera, 500
image format, 498
render engine selection, 501–504
resolution, 501
time requirements, 519
Accuracy attribute and, 536
Depth of Field attribute and, 559
indirect lighting settings and, 556
mesh details, 553
motion blur and, 524
resolution and, 501
sampling and, 521
batch rendering and sequence playback, 519
camera setup, 518
Rendering menu set, 69
hotkey for, 71
Paint Effects, Get Brush, 589, 590
Toon
Assign Fill Shader, Shaded Brightness Two Tone, 593, 594
Assign Outline, Add New Toon Outline, 594
RenderMan for Maya (Pixar), 496
Repeat UV setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306
replacing objects in animation, 392–393
increasing display, 45
for rendering, 501
reverse engineering, 162
reverse node, 319
connecting to fractal node, 320
Revolve technique, for creating NURBS surface, 142
revolved surface
for creating NURBS surface, 170
arms and hands, workflow for, 436–437
importance of, 436
for locomotive, 398–401, 448–455
right mouse button (RMB), 69
creating, 429
rigid dynamic bodies, 562
moving, 565
rim light, 461
RMB (right mouse button), 69
RMB+click, 32
roof of locomotive cabin, 154, 155
root joint, 410
of figure, pelvis as, 412, 414
Rotate attribute, constraints and, 441
Rotate icon, 104
Rotate Manipulator (E), 35, 77
for axe throwing, 383
location of pivot point, 57
Rotate Z curve, 383
normalized, 385
rotation
of joint, 410
keyframe for, 367
of objects, 52
viewing with cubes, 61
Rotation attribute
for OpticalFX node, 482
Orient constraint and, 442
rotation keyframe, for axe throwing, 379
Rotation Manipulator handle, 52
Roughness attribute, of shaders, 293
S
Sample Lock attribute, for mental ray rendering, 521
sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520
saturation, 17
saving, 46
layers with TIFF file, 352
multiple versions, 44
previous render in buffer, 490
single frames in Render View window, 506
UV snapshot, 334
scale, for reference planes, 229, 230, 231
Scale function (Photoshop), 351
scale handles, 121
Scale icon, 104
Scale Manipulator (R), 35, 36, 42, 45, 55, 77
activating, 42
and squash and stretch, 373
scaling, keyframe for, 367
Scene file icons, on Status line, 97, 97
scene files, 44
scenes, 23
names for organizing, 48
organization, 38
Scenes folder, 38
screws, Metal shader for, 341–342, 342
feedback on batch render progress, 542
Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138, 194–195, 195
SDK. See set-driven keys (SDK)
secondary motion, 384
and follow-through, 385
sections, on NURBS surface, 168
Select
Convert Selection, To Faces, 333
Select Edge Loop Tool, 109, 238
Select icon, 104
Selected Joints parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429
selecting
group, 60
hulls, 191
isoparms, 176, 176, 182, 186, 186
objects, 35
order for, 400
selection handles, 379, 400–401
Selection masks icons, on Status line, 97
Selection modes icons, on Status line, 97, 97
self-illuminate ability, 290
sequence of images, 23
vs. movie files, rendering, 498
Set Driven Key window, 445, 446, 447, 447
set-driven keys (SDK), 445–447
assigning, 447
Set Key Options box, 48
Set Normal Angle window, 110
SGI (Silicon Graphics Image), 498
selected objects in, 75–77, 76
in Hypershade window, 551, 551
for wagon wheels, 313, 313–321
shaders
assigning color to, 49
assigning in Red Wagon project, 310–311, 312, 330
assigning to reference planes, 229
basics, 286
creating
to assign to reference planes, 87
for wagon, 330
disconnecting texture node from, 310, 310
Hypershade window for, 89
library in Maya, 294
reflection limits, 508
shading, 9
procedural, 321
Shading attributes
for Paint Effects, 591
Shading
Wireframe On Shaded, 147
shading group, 286
vs. raytraced shadows, 472
shadow pass, creating, 530–532, 531
alpha channel for rendered, 531–532, 532
changing to raytraced, 517
controlling per object, 472–473, 473
depth map Resolution and, 471
fill light to soften, 460
soft, raytracing, 473, 473–474
shape nodes, 54
shapes, in vector image, 12
editing Decorative Box model with, 98–103
Shelf Editor command, 596–597, 597
Shift key, for selecting multiple objects, 35
shortcuts, to navigating, 34
shots, 23
Show Manipulator tool, 104
Silicon Graphics Image (SGI), 498
simulation
converting to keyframes, 572
Block_Man project for creating, 414–416, 415, 416
detaching, 431
modeling trick using, 431
skin weights, painting, 434–436, 436
skinning, 427
slider bar, 51
smoke, nParticles for, 575
editing, 436
Smooth option, for Artisan module, 195
smoothness
for extension, 122
NURBS object vs. polygon, 167
of wagon side panel, 239, 239–241
Snap To Curves icon, 43
Snap To Grids icon, 43
toggling off, 47
Snap To View Planes icon, 43
icons for, 43
Snaps icons, on Status line, 97, 98, 98
soft dynamic bodies, 562
Soft Modification tool, 78–79, 79, 104
soft shadows, 488
software particles, 579
Mercury orbit around sun, 56–58
grouping, 60
Mercury
grouping for new pivot point, 53
moons
orbiting around planets, 55–56
NURBs spheres lined up, 43
for other planets' moons, 60
overview, 37
planets and moons in perspective view, 46
Pluto, forcing error in animation, 62–63, 63
preproduction planning, 37
Saturn's rings, 45
Scenes folder
Planets_motionBlur.ma, 523, 523, 525
Planets_v1.mb file, 46
Planets_v2.mb file, 50
Planets_v3.mb file, 63
shaded planets in perspective view, 50
shader colors, 49
sun and planets, creating, 40–45
Venus, 58
SolidWorks, 13
sound, 8
positive and negative, 21
XYZ-coordinate, 19
spacebar, for switching to four-panel layout, 74
spans, on NURBS surface, 168
special effects animations, 561
emitter for, 576, 576–583, 582, 583
Special Manipulator, 305
Specular Color attribute, of shaders, 293
specular highlight, 287
Specular Roll Off attribute, of shaders, 290, 317
Speed attribute, for emitter, 577, 583
Speed Random attribute, for emitter, 577
spheres, using cubes in place of, 61
Spin Impulse attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571
spline IK chain, 440
NURBS spline and, 440
Split Polygon tool, 99, 99, 103, 128–129, 132, 236
and shadow maps, 471
for still-life scene, 484, 484
Spread attribute
for OpticalFX node, 483
squash and stretch technique, 26
for bouncing ball, 373, 373–374
stacking of shaders, 289
Standard Fit Tessellation method, 179
Star Points attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482
Starfish project, 208–213, 209, 213
marking menu for, 211
Scenes folder
Starfish_v01.ma file, 209
Starfish_v02.ma file, 212
Start Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499
Static Friction slider, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566
Status line, 32, 33, 69, 96–98, 97
History button, 54
isoparm selection from, 176, 176
percentage readout on, 103–104, 104
Render The Current Frame icon, 96, 96
Steam Locomotive project, 139–162, 162
animation, 401
front cap, 142
platforms, 150
extruding face, 146
finished pump elements, 183
NURBS pump, 184, 184–186, 185, 189–194, 190–194
adding end caps, 186–188, 186–189
Outliner view, 150, 162, 163, 399
pivot point for, 399
pump arm
pivot point for, 400
Scenes folder
fancy_locomotive_anim_v1.mb, 448, 448
fancy_locomotive_anim_v2.mb, 452
fancy_locomotive_anim_v3.mb, 454
locomotive_anim_v1.mb, 400, 448
locomotive_model_v1.mb file, 144
locomotive_model_v3.mb file, 153
locomotive_model_v4.mb file, 162, 398, 399
locomotive_Steam_v1.ma, 582
locomotive_steam_v2.ma, 586
locomotive_steam_v3.ma, 588
NURBS_pump_v02.mb file, 188
schematic diagram of boiler & undercarriage, 145
schematic diagram of finished model, 140
steam
particles animation for, 581–588
undercarriage, 145–149, 146–148
still-life scene. See also Lighting project
rendering in layers, 526, 526–533, 528
rendering with Final Gather, 534
stitching, 183, 189–194, 190–194
stop-motion animation, 410
subdivision primitives, 118
subdivision surfaces (SubDs), 117, 208
converting polygon back to, 220–221
converting polygon to, 209–213, 210, 217–219, 218
display resolution of, 210
subtractive color, 16
surface coordinates (UVs), 303
surface normal, 443
surfaces
combining techniques, 175–177, 176
combining with poly meshes, 133
cutting holes in, 181
subdivision (SubDs), 208
Surfaces menu set (F4), 69, 208
Create
CV Curve, 142
NURBS Primitives Circle, 173
hotkey for, 71
Subdiv Surfaces
Refine Selected Components, 212
Surfaces
Planar, 172
Surfaces shelf, Loft, 169
symbol conventions, 32
symmetry, 21
T
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), 15, 498
tangency handles
tangent constraint, 445
Taper option for Extrude, 122
base poly mesh creation, 213–217, 214, 215
completed, 219
converting polygon to subdivisions, 217–219, 218
handle, 214–215, 215, 217, 218, 219
Scenes folder, Kettle_Model_v01.ma file, 217
tear in mesh, troubleshooting, 243–244, 243–245
tearing off menus, 73
technical director (TD), 436
creation options and, 179
in Decorative Box project, 553
wheels, 264
test-rendering, composited layers, 529, 529–530
text animation, 393–397, 397, 398
troubleshooting, 397
Text Curves option box, 394
Texture Display mode (6), 313
texture mapping, 286. See also mapping
Texture Shaded mode (6), 76, 92
Texture View mode (6), 356
textures, 3, 9, 10. See also shaders
2D, 306
baking projection, 302
common attributes, 306
Hypershade window for, 89
importing image file as, 307–308
photos to create. See Decorative Box project
preventing render from blurring, 489, 490
ramp, 306
UV mapping, 303
texturing, 286
Texturing, flCreate PSD Network, 308
third-party plug-in render engines, 496
three-button mouse, 35
three-point lighting, 459–461, 460
throwing axe. See axe throwing
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), 15, 293, 498
layers in, 328
saving, 352
TIFF16, 14
time, change over, 4
Time slider, 33, 51, 51, 69, 105, 105–106
context menu, Playblast , 64, 64
scrubbing, 53
timeline, 4
icons, 104
Soft Modification tool, 78–79, 79, 80
Transform tools, 36
Universal Manipulator, 35, 35, 36, 77, 78
Tool Settings window
Influence section, Paint Operation, 435
for Move tool, 81
tools, invoking last used, 438
toon-shading, with Paint Effects, 592–595
torus, for Saturn rings, 45
transferring animation, 392–393
Transform Manipulator, 146
activating, 36
transform nodes, 54
transformations, 54
Translate attribute, constraints and, 441
Translate tool (W), 55, 104, 365, 422
Translate X, 381
Translate Y, 381
Translate Y Manipulator, 384
Translate Z attribute, 369
translation keyframe, for axe throwing, 379
Translucence attribute, of shaders, 292
Translucence Focus attribute, of shaders, 292
transparency, alpha channel for, 15, 500
Transparency attribute
for Paint Effects, 591
of shaders, 286
automatically mapping, 330
transparency maps
for Layered shaders, 289
triangle face, 117
Triangular Tool, 233
triangulating surface, 120, 120
Trim tool, 181
trimmed surface, 172
troubleshooting
and aggravation, 380
beveling polygon face, 236–238, 237
Caps Lock key and manipulator hotkeys, 78
color and ramp texture display, 313
feet rotating into ground, 437, 438
flying text, 397
fuzzy wood texture, 489
grouping of IK handle, 454
moons not staying with planet, 60
object rotation, 449
tear in mesh, 243–244, 243–245
wobbly wheels, 400
True Color, 14
true reflections, 502
Tube Shading attribute, for Paint Effects, 591
Tube Width attribute, for Paint Effects, 592
Tubes Per Step attribute, for Paint Effects, 592
tumble, 34
TV screen, color variation, 17
Twist option for Extrude, 122
Type attribute, for text, 394
Type drop-down menu, for light, 462
U
U Ramp, for Ramp texture, 313
UI. See user interface (UI)
undercarriage of locomotive, 145–149, 146–148
underlighting scene, 458
Undo, 51
Universal Manipulator, 35, 35, 36, 77, 78, 104
Untrim Surfaces command, 181
Up Axis, 51
user interface (UI), 32–37, 33
mouse controls, 35
user preferences, customizing, 596, 596
UV Assignment, Planar Project Per Face, 95, 95
UV coordinates
for polygonal surface, 323, 323
UV layout, 327
planar projection for, 326
UV mapping, 303
UV snapshot, saving, 334
UV Snapshot window, 350
UV Texture Editor, 324, 324, 334, 343, 343
Polygons, UV Snapshot, 327, 350
Select, Select Shell, 345, 346, 347, 348
UVs (surface coordinates), 303
UVSnapShot layer, 309
V
vector based software, 2
vertices
adding to middle of face, 123
binding clusters, 427
fusing multiple, 133
VGA (Video Graphics Array), 18
View
Camera Attribute Editor, 486
Select Camera, 509
view planes, 84
viewing color, 17
viewports, 32
views, 32
Alt+RMB+click to dolly into or out, 74
dolly into and out of, 34
virtual camera, 3
Visor window, for Paint Effects, 589
Volume Light Dir attribute, for volume light, 467
volume primitives, 118
volumes, in vector image, 12
Vray for Maya, 496
W
wagon. See Red Wagon project
walk cycle
for block man, 418–423, 419, 420, 421
Graph Editor for animation curves, 422
IK, creating, 438–440, 439, 440
wrap-up, 423
warping effect, 205
Water texture, 307
web pages for book, 38
web resources
on arts, 28
for models, 3
Wedge Face tool, 122–123, 123, 128
weight
and animation quality, 378
of axe, 384
Weight slider, for Point constraint, 441
wheels
for locomotive, 156–158, 156–158, 453, 453–454
troubleshooting, 400
tessellation, 264
creating shading network, 313, 313–321
duplicating and placing, 268
Whiteness attribute, of shaders, 293
Widescreen File aspect ratio, 18
Widescreen TV aspect ratio, 18
Width attribute, for rendering, 501
Window menu, 70
Animation Editors, Graph Editor, 367, 381
Attribute Editor (Ctrl+A), 111
General Editors
Connection Editor, 449
Script Editor, 519
Hypergraph: Hierarchy, 387
Relationship Editors
Dynamic Relationships, 564
Light Linking Light-Centric, 468
Rendering Editors
Render Settings, 294, 471, 474, 496
Render View, 505
Settings/Preferences
Color Settings, 598
Hotkey Editor, 597
Plug-in Manager, 520
Preferences, 34, 51, 68, 210. See also Preferences window
Shelf Editor, 596
UV Texture Editor, 324
window zoom, 34
windows
Alt+MMB+click to track around, 74
for Attribute Editor, 86
tracking around, 34
Windows Explorer, 39
wine bottle, rendering, 516–519
batch rendering and sequence playback, 519
camera setup, 518
Wireframe mode (4), 13, 36, 75, 75–77
selected objects in, 35
wireframes, displaying cube as, 93
wood texture, fuzziness of, 489
Work Area, in Hypershade window, 89, 90, 90
work panels, and navigation, 73–77
workflow, organizing with Layer Editor, 90–91
workspace, 32
World axis, 19
Wrap U setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306
Wrap V setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306
X axis, 19
and object movement, 36
X-Ray mode, 92, 92, 233, 233, 272
XYZ Axis icon, 19
XYZ-coordinate space, 19
Y
Y axis, 19
and object movement, 36
in Perspective window, 51
Y-axis rotation, keyframes for, 53
Y up, 51
Z
Z axis, 19
and object movement, 36
Z-axis move handle, 121
Z-axis translate handle, 125
ZBrush (Pixologic), 196
zero level of detail, 212
zooming
in Graph Editor, 381
in Hypershade window, 87