Index

Note to the reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page numbers indicate primary discussions of a topic. Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.

#

¼ view, 6

1K Academy, 18

2D blur, 515

2D graphics software, 2

2D texture nodes, 306

2K Academy, 3, 18

3D, 2

3D animation. See computer graphics (CG)

3D blur, 515

3D space, 3, 19–20

3D text, for flying logo, 395

3D textures, 310

4K Academy, 18

8-bit image file, 14

16-bit image file, 14

24-bit color display, 14

32-bit image file, 14

A

Academy Standard aspect ratio, 18

acceleration

animation curve for, 370

for bouncing ball, 372

Accuracy attribute

for Final Gathering, 556

for indirect lighting, 536

active rigid body, creating, 568

acts, 23

Adaptive for Tessellation Method option, 220

Adaptive Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520

Add Attribute window, 446, 446

Add Divisions tool, 131–132, 154

Mode drop-down menu, 132

options, 246

additive color, 16

Adobe After Effects, 7, 15, 525, 542, 543

Adobe Flash format, from Maya Vector, 504

Adobe Illustrator, 12

Adobe Illustrator format, from Maya Vector, 504

Adobe Photoshop. See Photoshop (Adobe)

aggravation, and troubleshooting, 380

Aim constraint, 442–443, 443

Aim Vector setting, 442

alien hand, 200–202

fingers, 203, 203–204, 204

alpha channel, 15, 293, 318, 498, 500

displaying for render, 505

shadows rendered in, 531–532, 532

viewing, 500

Alpha Is Luminance attribute, 549

Alt key on PC, 34, 69

with mouse, 35

Ambient Color attribute, of shaders, 290, 291

ambient lights, 463, 463

Ambient Occlusion, 537, 537–543

compositing results, 542–543, 543, 544

living room, 538–540, 539, 540, 541

shader attributes, 540

Anamorphic Ratio aspect ratio, 18

angle of view, 23

animation, 4, 10. See also axe

throwing; Bouncing_Ball project;

skeletons; special effects animations

of catapult, 401–406

concepts, 24–26, 25

with deformers, 403–406

of dynamic bodies, 566–575

with dynamics, playback, 564

of flying text, 393–397, 397, 398

keyframes, 364–375

replacing objects, 392–393

in Solar System project, 50–53

through lattice, 205, 205–207, 207

timing, 372–373

adjusting, 371, 371

transferring, 392–393

animation curves in Graph Editor, 367–368, 368, 369

simplifying, 574–575

for walk cycle, 422

animation layers, 91

Animation menu set (F2), 48, 51, 69, 71, 198

Animate

image Create Editable Motion Trail image, 388

image Ghost Selected, 391

image Motion Paths image Attach To Motion Path image, 390, 396

image Motion Paths image Flow Path Object image, 396

image Set Driven Key, image Set, 445

image Set Key image, 48

Constrain

image Aim image, 442

image Geometry, 443

image Orient image, 442

image Parent, 454

image Point image, 441, 452

image Scale image, 442

Create Deformers

image Lattice, 200, 201, 216

image Lattice image, 272

image Nonlinear image Bend, 196, 197, 403

image Nonlinear image Flare, 198

hotkey for, 71

Skeleton

image IK Handle Tool, 437, 451

image IK Spline Handle Tool, 440

image Joint Tool, 414

Skin image Bind Skin

image Rigid Bind image, 429, 431

image Smooth Bind image, 429

Skin image Detach Skin, 431

Skin image Edit Rigid Skin, image Create Flexor, 432

Skin image Edit Smooth Skin, image Paint Skin Weights Tool image, 434

Skin image Go To Bind Pose, 431, 432

Animation Preferences icon, 51, 69, 366

Animation Preferences window, 383

playback speed, 371

playback speed of animation, 384

Anisotropic shader, 288, 289

antagonist, 22

anti-aliasing, 502, 522

mental ray quality settings for, 520–521

Anti-aliasing Contrast attribute, 524

for mental ray rendering, 521, 522

anticipation, 26

for axe throwing, 379–384

Approximation Editor, for mental ray, 553

Arc and Cone End Radius attribute, for volume light, 467

area lights, 466, 466

areas, in vector image, 12

array, copying into, 142–144, 143–145

art, 2

Artisan feature, 138

to sculpt NURBS, 194–195

arts, resources on, 27–28

aspect ratio, 18

for reference plane images, 226

Assign Material To Selection, 49

asymmetrical composition, 21

Attach Surfaces command, 181, 182

Attach To Motion Path option box, 396

Attribute Editor, 33, 33, 69, 85–86, 86

Attributes menu image Add Attributes, 446

changing NURBS torus creation attributes, 45, 45

Color attribute, 354

creation nodes, 119

Ctrl+A to toggle, 83, 86, 112

Folder icon for Image Name field, 330, 331

for hand lattice, 201

for key light, 488

for Layered shaders, 299, 299

for light, 297, 462

notes in, 112, 112

for nParticles, 578

opening, 48

for particles, 579, 580

projection node in, 304

for Ramp shader, 289, 290

Render Stats section, 473

selected object attributes, 35

for shaders, Raytrace Options, 508

tabs, 55

window, 111–112

for Wood texture, 297, 339, 340

attributes

attaching to top node, 445

keyframe for, 52

of nodes, 54

of nParticles, 578–580

setting, 584–585

of Paint Effects, 591–592

of rigid dynamic bodies, 565–566

of set-driven keys, 446–447

of shaders, 286, 290–293

audio, 8

Auto Keyframe feature, 61, 69, 105, 366, 380–381

AutoCAD, 12

AutoDesk Mudbox, 196

AVI file format, 15

from playblasting, 64

Axe project

adjusting existing model, 198, 198–200

baking wood-grain texture to, 302

Scenes folder

AxeHead_v01.ma file, 198

axe_model_v1.mb file, 180, 180

axe_texture_A.mb file, 294

axe_texture_B.mb file, 298

axe_texture_C.mb file, 301

Sourceimages folder, Axe_outline_1.tif, 513

textures, 294–301

metal head, 294–296

wooden handle, 296–298, 298

axe throwing, 375–382

adding follow-through, 384–386

adding spin, 383

anticipation, 379–384

arc for, 382–383

creating axe, 375–377

center of balance for pivot point, 377, 377

sharp edge, 376

creating target, 377, 377–378

files

axe_path_v1.mb, 391

axe_path_v2.mb, 391

Axe_Replace.ma, 392

axe_v1.mb, 377

axe_v3.mb, 380

axe_v4.mb, 384

axe_v5.mb, 387

axe_v7.mb, 389, 392

axe_v8.mb, 393

keyframing gross animation, 379–384

motion trails, 388–389, 389

path animation, 389, 389–390

preproduction, 375, 378

replacing axe, 392

scene setup, 375–378

speed of animation, 383

summation, 392

axes, 19–20

axis of motion, for axe throwing, 380

B

back light, 461, 461

background, render layer for, 528

background color, for rendering, 513

background plane, 21

backup, Incremental Save to create, 44

baking

simulation, 571–574, 572, 573

texture projection, 302

balance and symmetry, 21

ball. See also Bouncing_Ball project

bouncing, with rigid bodies, 563, 563

batch rendering, 515–516

of Livingroom project, 541

with render layers, 533, 533

Script Editor feedback on progress, 542

Bend deformer, 196–197, 197, 403, 404

aligning with catapult arm, 403

bevel node, 94

Bevel Surface function, 174, 174

Bevel tool, 123–124, 124

option box for, 238, 238

beveling

edges and corners, 107, 108

polygon face, troubleshooting, 236–238, 237

wagon edges, 268–270, 269, 270, 272

Bézier curves, 166, 166

binary numbers, for color, 16

Bind Method parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429

Bind To parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429

binding skeletons, to geometry, 427–431

Bins tab, in Hypershade window, 89

bitmap-based software, 2

bitmap (raster) images, 12

Blinn shader, 288, 288, 304

attributes, 293

for wagon, 311, 311

blocking, 365

Block_Man project, 412, 412, 413

for creating skeleton, 414–416, 415, 416

files

block_man_IK_v01.mb, 438

block_man_skeleton_v01.mb, 417

block_man_skeleton_v02.mb, 418

block_man_v01.mb, 414

block_man_v02.mb, 412

block_walk_v01.avi, 423

block_walk_v01.mov, 423

FK walk cycle, 418–423, 419, 420, 421

rigging IK legs, 437, 437–438

Blur By Frame attribute, 515

Blur Length attribute, 515

blurring reflections, 557, 557–558, 558

bolts

copying into array to create, 142–144, 143–145

Metal shader for, 341–342, 342

bones, 410

Boolean operation

creating object, 241–243

to cut hole in panel, 241–247

and Outliner hierarchy, 279, 279

for wood indentation, 277, 278

bounce, 504

Bounciness attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566, 570

bouncing ball, with rigid bodies, 563, 563

Bouncing_Ball project, 364–375

animation, 365–367, 366

animation curves in Graph Editor, 367, 367

creating project, 365

files

ball_v01.mb, 372

ball_v02.mb, 373

ball_v04.mb, 375

hierarchy setup, 365, 365

rotation, 374, 374–375

squash and stretch technique, 373, 373–374

boundary surface, 174–175, 175

bounding box dolly, 34

box modeling, 119

boxes, combining and merging, 134–137, 134–137

Break Tangents icon, 386

brightness of color, 17

Brush Profile attribute, for Paint Effects, 591

brushes for Paint Effects, 589, 589

Bucket tool (Photoshop), 328

buffer, saving previous render in, 490

Bulge texture, 307

bullnose of wagon, 341, 341

creating, 256, 256–257, 257

bump map, 317–321, 317–321

Bump Mapping attribute, of shaders, 291, 291

By Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499

C

cache, for particles, 580–581

cage, 210, 211

Camera, Aim, And Up (three-node camera), 510, 510

Camera And Aim (two-node camera), 510, 510

camera image planes, 513, 513–514

Camera view panel, lighting mode in, 491

cameras, 3

Attribute Editor for, 511, 511

attributes, 511–514

clipping planes, 512

Environment, 513

Film Back, 512

Focal Length, 511, 511

Overscan, 512, 512–513

creating, 486, 509

locking and unlocking, 486, 518

motion blur, 515

point of view (POV) of, 23

rendering with, 500, 509–514

setup for wine bottle, 518

types in Maya, 511, 511

candlelight, 465

Caps Lock key, 34, 77

and manipulator hotkeys, 78

Cartesian coordinate system, 19

cartoon look

ball

animation, 370–372

creating, 364, 364–365

from vector rendering, 504, 504

case sensitivity of Maya, 33, 42

for keyboard shortcuts, 77

Catapult_Anim project

animation, with deformers, 403, 403–406

Scenes folder

catapult_anim_v1.mb, 401

catapult_anim_v2.mb, 406

winch, 401

caustics, 474, 504

CCIR 601/Quantel NTSC, 501

center of balance, for pivot point, 377, 377

Center of Mass attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571

CG. See computer graphics (CG)

CG studios, desired employee qualities, 2

Channel Box, 33, 33, 85–86, 111, 112

vs. Attribute Editor, for multiple changes, 570

displaying, 83

entering values in, 42

for locking camera, 486

renaming sphere in, 41

selected object attributes, 35

Channel Box/Layer Editor, 69

icons on Status line, 97, 98, 98

channels, for color information, 14

Character Set menu, 69

Checker texture, 307

checkerboard pattern, 304

child node, 55

Chord Height Ratio, 179

clipping planes, 512

Cloth texture, 307

Cloud particle type, 579

clusters, of vertices or CVs, binding, 427

CMYK color, 17

code, network of nodes for organizing, 53–56

collisions

active rigid body and, 563

bounciness control, 570

of rigid dynamic bodies, 565

color, 16–17. See also shaders

assigning to shaders, 49

customizing settings, 598–599

impact, 22

shaders for, 47

value and binding influence of selected joint, 435

color art, 6

Color attribute

for Cloud particles, 579

for Lambert shader, connecting image JPEG node to, 87–88, 88

for light, 462

Map icon for, 313

for Paint Effects, 591

for shaders, 286

Color Balance attribute, for textures, 305

color channels, 14–15

Color Chooser window, 49, 49

for spot light, 484

color depth, 14

Color Joints parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429

Color Map icon, 339

color mapping, 350–359, 350–360

for Decorative Box, 354–355, 355

file node, 355

Color Picker (Photoshop), 328

Color Range attribute, for volume light, 467

color transparency, 286

color wheel, 16

Combine function, 133

command line, 106, 106

complementary colors, 22

Component mode (F8), 125, 176, 202, 376

icon, 97

switching between Object mode and, 97

compositing, 7, 293

with layers, 525

composition, 20–21

compression, and color quality of image, 15

computer graphics (CG), 1, 2–4

color definition, 16–17

concepts, 11–20

3D coordinate space and axes, 19–20

aspect ratio, 18

frame rate, 19

image output, 13–15

raster images, 12

resolution, 17–18

vector images, 12–13, 13

production workflow, 8–11

computer graphics imagery (CGI), 2

computer monitors, color variation, 17

conceptual art, 6

Cone Angle attribute, for spot light, 465

Connection Editor, 319, 449

Constant option, for particle lifespan, 578

constraints, 441–445

Aim, 442–443, 443

Geometry, 443–444, 444

Normal, 443–444

Orient, 442, 442

parent, 444–445

Point, 441, 441

pole vector, 445

Scale, 442, 442

tangent, 445

context sensitivity, of menu choices, 69

contrast, 22, 22

contrast thresholds, for mental ray rendering, 522

Control Points method, for tessellation, 179

control vertices (CVs), 166, 167

binding clusters, 427

moving, 194

Convert Subdiv To Polygons option box, 220

converting. See baking

cool colors, 16, 22

coordinates, 19

copying

into array, 142–144, 143–145

UVs (surface coordinates), 331, 332

corners, beveling, 107, 108, 123–124

Cosine Power attribute, 293, 295

Count method, for tessellation, 179

Create, 70

image Cameras, 510

image CV Curve Tool, 168, 262

image CV Curve Tool image, 149

image Lights, image Ambient Light, 297

image NURBS Primitives, 76

image Cylinder image, 184, 205

image Plane image, 78

image Sphere, 36, 40, 78, 111

image Sphere image, 205

image Torus, 45

image Polygon Primitives, 76, 119, 196

image Cube, 377

image Cube image, 375

image Cylinder, 140, 196, 215, 375, 377

image Plane image, 83, 226

Cylinder image, 241

image Polygonal Primitives, image Cube, Position, 92

image Subdiv Primitives, image Torus, 219

image Text image, 394

Create A New Layer And Assign Selected Objects icon, 90

Create/Bins panel, in Hypershade window, 89, 90

Create Deformers, image Nonlinear, image Wave, 443

Create Flexor option box, 432, 432

Create Maya Nodes panel (Hypershade), 47

Create New Layer And Assign Selected Objects icon, 526, 527, 538

Create New Layer icon, 91

Create PSD Network Options window, 309

Create Render Node window, 303

Create UVs, image Planar Mapping image, 333

creation nodes, 54

Ctrl key, 54–55

cubes, use in place of spheres, 61

Cubic option, for Point light decay rate, 464

Current frame, 105

Current Frame box, 52

current project, 139

Current Time indicator, 105

Current Tool display icon, 104

curves, 117

creating, for text animation, 394, 395

Custom Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520

Custom tab, for Shelf, 102

customizing Maya, 595–599

color settings, 598–599

hotkeys, 597–598

shelves, 596–597

user preferences, 596, 596

customizing wagon, 283, 283

Cut Faces tool, 137, 137

cuts, 23

CV mode, 192

CVs (control vertices), 167

binding clusters, 427

moving, 194

cylinder, for locomotive boiler, 140, 141

D

DAG (directed acyclic graph) nodes, 54

dailies, 498

Damping attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566

decals, for wagon, 322, 322

Decay Rate attribute

for Point light, 464

for spot light, 465

deceleration

animation curve for, 370

for bouncing ball, 372

Decorative Box project, 82–86, 103–106, 343–359

adding IBL node, 554–557, 555, 556

color mapping, 350–359, 350–360

default bevel, 94

Depth of Field attribute, 558–559, 559

displacement mapping, 550, 550–553

editing, using Shelf, 98–103

extruding feet, 100–101, 101

finishing model, 106–112

hinge area, 107–110, 108, 109, 110

image references from photos, 83–85

lighting, 485, 485–491

mapping, 354–355, 355

modeling, 92–98, 93

photos, 82, 351

reflections

blurring, 557, 557–558, 558

reducing, 549, 550

rendering, 546–559

reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549

Scenes folder

boxLighting02.ma, 546

boxLighting_v02.mb, 490

boxModel01.mb file, 85

boxModel03.mb file, 92

boxModel04.mb file, 96, 98

boxModel05.mb file, 103

boxModel06.mb file, 105

boxModel07.mb file, 111

boxRendering01.ma, 549

boxRendering02.ma, 553

boxRendering03.ma, 556

boxRendering04.ma, 559

boxTexture01.mb, 345, 349

boxTexture02.mb, 355

boxTexture03.mb, 359

Sourceimages folder, 83

boxCarvings.jpg, 547

boxColorMap02.jpg, 356

boxColorMap.tif, 352

boxColorMapWork01.tif, 352

DeskHDR.hdr, 545

DeskHDRLatLong.hdr, 554

lineup.jpg, 350, 351

UVs for feet, 344, 344–349, 345–349

UVs (surface coordinates) setup, 343, 343–349, 344

wrap-up, 559

default settings

restoring, 196

reverting to, 68

deformations, 524

deformers

animation with, 403–406

Envelope attribute for, 404

grouping node, 405

Low Bound and High Bound attributes, 404

modeling with, 196–198

Bend deformer, 196–197, 197

Lattice deformer, 200–204

deleting construction history, of hand, 202

denormalizing view, 382

depth channel, 501

depth-map Resolution, default settings, 471

Depth Map shadows, 470, 470

Depth of Field attribute, 558–559, 559

Descartes, René, 19

design concepts, 20–22

balance and symmetry, 21

color impact, 22

contrast, 22, 22

form, space and composition, 20–21

narrative, 22

Detach Surfaces tool, 182, 182

detaching skeletons, 431

detail areas on poly mesh, 131–138

Add Divisions tool, 131–132

Combine function, 133

Cut Faces tool, 137, 137

Duplicate Face tool, 138

Extract tool, 138

Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133

Merge tool, 133–137

Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134

Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138

Smooth tool, 138

Split Polygon tool, 132

details, 9

creating higher level, 211, 212

of model, 116, 116

subdivisions for defining, 119

Device Aspect Ratio attribute, for rendering, 501

dialogue, recording, 8

Diffuse attribute, of shaders, 291, 292

diffused light, 287

Digital Fusion, 7

direct illumination, 476

directed acyclic graph (DAG) nodes, 54

Direction attributes, for particles, 582

Directional emitter, 576, 577

directional lights, 464, 464

for key light, 486, 487

Light Angle attribute, 473

and shadows, 471

Disable Normalized Curve Display icon, in Graph Editor, 382

disk cache, for particles, 581

displacement mapping, 550, 550–553

display detail, levels, 76, 76

Display Film Gate attribute, 518

of camera, 513

display layers, 90, 91

naming, 91, 231

for reference planes, 231

Display menu, 70

image Animation

image IK Handle Size, 437

image Joint Size, 414

image NURBS, image CVs, 142, 263

image Transform Display image Selection Handles, 379, 393, 400, 402

Display Resolution attribute, of camera, 513

display resolutions, 45

increasing, 210

Division Levels slider, 132

Divisions option for Extrude, 122

docking Attribute Editor, 86

dolly, 34

dome light, 534, 535

donut shape, for Saturn rings, 45

Dropoff attribute, for spot light, 465

Duplicate Face tool, 138

dynamic bodies, 562

animation, 566–575

rigid and soft, 562–566

creating, 563–565

Dynamic Friction slider, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566

Dynamic Relationships Editor, for dynamic bodies, 563, 564, 564

dynamics, 562. See also nParticles

and rigid bodies' placement, 568

Dynamics menu set, 69

Fields

image Affect Selected Objects, 565

image Gravity, 563, 568

hotkey for, 71

Soft/Rigid Bodies

image Create Active Rigid Body, 563, 568

image Create Passive Rigid Body, 563, 568

image Set Active Key, 569

image Set Passive Key, 569

E

ease-in, 26, 370

for bouncing ball, 372

ease-out, 26, 369, 370

for bouncing ball, 372

Eccentricity attribute, of shaders, 317

edges

beveling, 107, 108, 123–124

of polygons, 117, 117

Edit (Hypershade), image Duplicate, image Shading Network, 330, 330

Edit menu, 70

image Delete All By Type, image History, 178

image Delete By Type, image History, 107, 130, 178, 202

image Duplicate, 252

image Shading Network, 336

image Duplicate Special image, 141, 144

image Edit PSD Network, 309

image Group, 56, 60, 252

image Keys, image Bake Simulation image, 572, 573

image Reset Settings, 144

image Ungroup, 400

Edit NURBS

image Attach Surfaces, 181

image Attach Surfaces image, 189, 190

image Detach Surfaces, 182, 182, 185, 189

image Insert Isoparms, 183, 195

image Insert Isoparms image, 186

image Project Curve On Surface, 181

image Sculpt Geometry Tool image, 194

image Trim, 181

image Untrim Surfaces, 181

editing, 7

Effects attribute, for textures, 305

Emit Diffuse attribute, for light, 462

Emit Specular attribute, for light, 462

emitter for nParticles, 576–581

attributes, 476–477

options, 576

Enable Normalized Curve Display icon, 381

end effector, for IK, 437

End Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499

Env Chrome reflection texture, 296, 297

Envelope attribute, for deformer, 404

Environment texture mode, 295

environment textures, 310

Erase option, for Artisan module, 195

Extract tool, 138

Extrude command, for fingers, 125–126, 126

Extrude icon, 100, 100–101

extrusion tools

for creating NURBS surface, 171, 171–172

for polygons, 121, 121–122, 122

F

Faces filter, 125

faces of polygons, 100, 117, 117, 120

increasing number of, 131

Falloff Radius attribute, for Soft Select, 81

Far Clip Plane attribute, of camera, 512

FCheck frame player, 15, 519, 519

feathering, 356, 357

feet, troubleshooting rotation into ground, 437, 438

fields for dynamic bodies, 562

active rigid body and, 563

file formats, for images, 15

File menu, 70

image Import, 392

image New Scene, 40

image Project

image New, 38, 365

image Set, 40, 139

image Save Scene, 240

file node, 307

converting texture projection to, 302

File texture node, 308

filenames, 44

frame range for, 499

of rendered images, 497–498

files, saving multiple versions, 44

fill light, 460, 460–461

for decorative box, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489

Film Back attribute, of camera, 512

film concepts, 23–24

Film Gate attribute, 512, 518

Final Gather (FG), 476, 480, 534–537

Finder (Mac), 39

fireworks, nParticles for, 575

Fit Resolution Gate attribute, of camera, 512

fixed references, 19

Fixed Sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520

FK. See Forward Kinematics (FK)

Flare deformer, 198

Flash, 12

Flat Tangents tool, 372, 386

flat-text effect, 394

flexors, for Rigid Bind, 432

floating effect, 444

floating menus, 73

floor plane, creating, 488

Flow Path Object option box, 397

flowers, Paint Effects brush for, 590

fluids, 562

flying text

animation of, 393–397, 397, 398

troubleshooting, 397

Focal Length attribute, of camera, 511, 511

focus, in Perspective window, 45

Fog Intensity attribute, 481–482

Fog Spread attribute, 481, 481–482

folder structure, 38

Foley sound, 8

follow-through, 26

adding to axe throw, 384–386

and secondary motion, 385

form, space and composition, 20–21

Forward Kinematics (FK), 410, 411

block man, 412, 412, 413

walk cycle, 418–423, 419, 420, 421

Foundry NUKE, 525

four-color process, 17

four-panel layout, 40

displaying, 32

spacebar for switching to, 74

fps (frames per second), 19

fractal node, connecting reverse node to, 320

Fractal texture, 307

Fractional Tolerance, for tessellation, 179

Frame Padding attribute, for rendering sequence, 499, 499

frame rate, 19

frames, 4, 24

range for rendering, 499, 499

saving in Render View window, 506

framing, 21, 23

framing in thirds, 21

Free Movement box, 36

Free rotation handle, 36

Freeze Transform tool, 184, 252, 364–365

friction, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566

Full Perspective window. See also Perspective windows

layout, 68, 68–81

fusing multiple vertices, 133

fuzziness, of wood texture, 489

G

General Tessellation method, 179

geometry, 9

attaching to skeletons, 416–417, 427–431

Geometry constraint, 443–444, 444

ghosting, 391

glass, Ambient Occlusion and, 540

Global Illumination, 474–475, 504

turning off, 539

Glow Color attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483

Glow Intensity attribute

for OpticalFX node, 483

for shaders, 292, 292

Glow Radial Noise attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483, 483

Glow Type attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482

gradients, 306

Graph Editor, 367–368, 368

for axe throwing, 381, 381

ball's animation curves in, 367, 367

reading curves in, 368–370

for walk cycle animation curves, 422

grass, Paint Effects brush for, 589, 590

gravity field

connecting body plane to, 564

creating, 568

grayscale image, 14

grid snaps, 43

turning on, 59

Grid texture, 307

gross animation, 365

for axe throwing, 379–384

group

adding object to, 63

selecting, 57, 60

terminology, 63

grouping objects

axe parent node under target parent node, 387

Earth and Moon, 60

IK handles to wheel, troubleshooting, 454

to itself, 57, 57

for new pivot point, 53

H

hair, 562

Halo Type attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482

hand. See also Poly_Hand project

alien, 200–202

animating index finger, 447, 447

elongating and thinning, 201

lattice applied, 201

Rigid Bind, 431–433, 432, 433

editing, 432–433

set-driven key for, 446–447

skeletons for, 423–436

rigging, 424, 424–425, 425

Smooth Bind, 434–436

editing, 434–436, 436

views with joints placement, 426, 427

handlebar, Metal shader for, 341–342, 342

hardware particles, 578

HDRI (High Dynamic Range Imagery), 14, 544–546, 545, 546

HDTV (High Definition TV), 18

Height attribute, for rendering, 501

Help line, 103, 104, 104, 106, 106

percentage readout on, 132

Help menu, 70

hierarchy

arrow keys to move through, 415

correcting problems with Outliner, 62–63, 63

and Maya object structure, 53–56

in Outliner and Hypergraph windows, 56, 56

selecting different levels, 97

and skeletons, 410–411, 411

Hierarchy mode, 60

icon, 97

switching between Object Selection mode and, 57, 57

High Bound attribute, for deformer, 404

High Definition TV (HDTV), 18

High Dynamic Range Imagery (HDRI), 14, 475, 544–546, 545, 546

higher-resolution polygon models, 118

Highlight Size attribute, of shaders, 293

History, 107, 119

deleting, for hand, 202

erasing, 142

for surfaces, 178, 178–179

History button (Status line), 54

History parameter, Bake History setting for, 431

Home function, 399

Hotbox, 71, 71–72

Hotkey Editor, 597, 598

hotkeys

case sensitivity, 77

customizing, 597–598

for menu sets, 71, 233

for views, 74

HSV Color Noise attributes, for ramp texture, 307

hubcap, for wagon wheel, 266

Hue/Sat/Value Rand attribute, for Paint Effects, 591

hue, saturation, and value (HSV) channels, 17

hulls, 166

selecting, 191

human hand. See Poly_Hand project

humpback style, for object names, 42

Hypergraph, 387, 388

for attaching skeleton to geometry, 417, 417

hierarchy in, 56, 56

Hypergraph Hierarchy window, 412, 413

Hypershade window, 47, 47, 49, 90, 286, 330, 330

basics, 89–90, 90

with colored planet shading groups, 50

importing photos into, 228

mapping reference planes with, 88–90

Materials tab, 87

node display in, 551

opening, 227

Phong shader for metal, 294

shader network in, 551, 551

for steam nParticle object, 587, 588

Textures tab, 86

I

IBL node, adding, 554–557, 555, 556

IBL sphere, 545

IFF (Maya Image File Format), 498

IK. See Inverse Kinematics (IK)

IK chains, 411

uses for, 440

IK Handle tool, 437

IK handles, 411, 437

attaching, 454

IK solver, 411

Illuminates by Default attribute, for light, 462, 468

illustrated look, from vector rendering, 504, 504

image-based lighting (IBL), 475–476, 544

orienting, 556

image format, for rendering, 498

image map, for wagon decals, 322

image mattes, 293

image planes, creating, 513

image sequence, from playblasting, 64

images

file formats, 15

importing as texture, 307–308

lining up sides, 356–359

as output, 13–15

rendering only portion, 505

Images folder, 38

importing

image file

as camera image plane, 514

as texture, 307–308

JPEG images, 86, 87, 89

Impulse Position attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571

in-betweens, 24

Incandescence attribute

for Cloud particles, 579

for Paint Effects, 591

for shaders, 290

Incandescent shader, 534

Incremental Save, 44, 49, 240

indirect illumination, 476

inertia, 26

infinity of curves, 370

information readout, in Render View window, 505, 506

initial keyframes, setting, 379

Initial Spin attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571

Initial Velocity attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571

Input box, entering values in, 42

Input/Output connections, on Status line, 97

Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133, 140, 141

Insert Isoparms tool, 183, 183, 186, 186

Insert Keys tool, 391

inserting, keyframes, 391

Intensity attribute, for light, 462

Interactive Creation, 196

confirming toggled off, 84

turning off, 40, 41

Interactive Photorealistic Rendering (IPR), 298, 491, 506–507, 507

interpenetration, 207, 568

interpolation

of landing keyframes, 372

for ramp texture, 306

Inverse Kinematics (IK), 410, 436–440

rigging legs, 437, 437–438

walk cycle, creating, 438–440, 439, 440

inverse kinematics (IK) bones, 399

IPR (Interactive Photorealistic Rendering), 298, 491, 506–507, 507

IPR Render The Current Frame icon, 298

IPR renderer, 76

IRIDAS FrameCycler, 15

isoparms, 166, 167, 168

creating, 183

selecting, 176, 176, 182, 186, 186

J

Jitter attribute, for mental ray rendering, 521

joint clusters, 429

Joint tool, 414

joints in skeleton, 410

changing size, 414

positioning in hand, 425

views, 426, 427

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), 15, 498

importing images, 86, 87, 89

K

Keep Faces Together command, 214, 215

Keep Image icon, 490, 549

key light, 459–460, 460

Attribute Editor for, 488

for decorative box, 485

directional lights for, 486, 487

keyboard conventions, 32

keyboard shortcuts. See hotkeys

keyframe animation, 364–375

keyframes, 24, 25, 378

in animation curve, 369

automatically setting, 61

converting simulation to, 572

and dynamic bodies, 565

in Graph Editor, 368

inserting, 391

for Mercury orbit, 58

and passive rigid body, 569

placing at frame 1, 52

for Rotate Y attribute, 60

setting, 48, 366, 367

setting initial, 379

Shift+W to set, 365

tangency handles of, 385, 385

for Y-axis rotation, 53

kinematics, 410–423

L

Lambert icon, 47

Lambert shaders, 87, 88, 287, 287

attaching image to Color attribute of, 307–308

creating, 227, 228

Lasso Select icon, 104

LatLong (Latitude/Longitude) layout, 545–546, 546

lattice, 427

animation through, 205, 205–207, 207

creating, 272, 273

for Teakettle project, 216, 216

Lattice deformer, 200–205

Layer Editor

basics, 91

Display tab, 90

order of render layers, 530, 530

organizing workflow with, 90–91

Render tab, 526, 538

Layered shaders, 289, 289

Attribute Editor for, 299, 299

for metal spike, 298–301

Transparency Map, 299–300, 300

layers, 7. See also render layers

creating, 91

saving TIF file with, 352

left mouse button (LMB), 69

Length Min/Max attribute, for Paint Effects, 592

lens flare, 482–483

letterboxing, 18

lifespan, for particles, 578, 584

LifespanPP Only option, for particle lifespan, 578

Light Angle attribute, of directional lights, 473

Light Fog attribute, 481–482

light glow, 482

light linking, 462, 468, 468–469

light probe, 544, 545, 554

Light Radius attribute, and soft shadows, 473

Light Shape attribute, for volume light, 467

Lighted mode (7), 76, 77

lighting, 10–11, 24, 457. See also shadows

2K Academy, 3

attributes, 462

basics, 458–461

learning to see, 458

practical lighting, 461

scene needs, 458, 459

three-point lighting, 459–461, 460

for decorative box, 485, 485–491

effects, 481–484

lens flare, 482–483

shader glow effects, 483–484

volumetric, 481–482

image-based (IBL), 475–476

mental ray, 474–476

Physical Sun and Sky lighting, 476–480, 477, 478

practice, 490–491

for render layer, 526, 527

for scene, 467

and shaders, 287

Show Manipulator tool, 492, 492

tips for using and animating, 491–492

types in Maya, 462–467

ambient lights, 463, 463

area lights, 466, 466

directional lights, 464, 464

point lights, 464, 465

spot lights, 464–466, 465

volume lights, 466–467, 467

lighting artist, 491

Lighting project

files

Red WagonSunlight_v01.ma, 476

still_life_mentalray_v01.mb, 534

still_life_render_v01.mb, 516

still_life_render_v02.mb, 511

still_life_v01.mb, 491

still_life_v03.mb, 483

Scenes folder, still_life_v02.mb, 526

Lighting/Shading, image Assign New Material, image Layered Shader, 299

Linear option, for Point light decay rate, 464

Linear Tangents tool, 372

Lines Selection Filter, 176

lip movements, connecting with dialogue, 8

lip-synch, 8

Living room project

Ambient Occlusion pass, 538–540, 539, 540, 541

Outliner view of glass, 541

rendering with layers, 541

Scenes folder, livingRoom_v2.mlb, 538

LMB (left mouse button), 69

Local axis, 19, 380

locomotive. See Steam Locomotive project

lofting, for creating NURBS surface, 169–170, 170

Lofting_Exercise project, Chap_5_Lofting_Exercise_1.ma file, 175

Low Bound attribute, for deformer, 404

low-count poly models, 118

M

Macintosh

keys, 34

screen display, 32

Main Menu bar, 32, 33, 69, 69–72

vs. Hotbox, 72

menu sets on, 51, 69, 69, 71

Manipulators, 35, 77–79, 78. See also specific types

scaling handles, 79

Map icon, for Color attribute, 313

mappable shader, 308

mapping, 286

color, 350–359, 350–360

photoreal, 343–359

Photoshop for painting, 327–328, 329

reference planes, 227–231, 230

with Hypershade, 88–90

for texture mode, 303

marking menus, 71, 71, 72, 72

Edge, 94, 94

Face, 338

for starfish, 211

Vertex, 105

Mass attribute, of rigid dynamic bodies, 565–566

masterLayer, for rendering, 527

matchmoving, 514

material nodes, 286

materials, override, 538

matte channel, 15, 293, 500

Matte Opacity attribute, of shaders, 292

matte surfaces, shader for, 287

Max Displacement slider, for push brush, 194

Max Distance attribute, for emitter, 577

Max Sample Level value, for mental ray rendering, 521, 522

Maxwell, 496

Maya, customizing, 595–599

color settings, 598–599

hotkeys, 597–598

shelves, 596–597

user preferences, 596, 596

Maya Composite, 7

Maya dynamics engine, 561

Maya Embedded Language (MEL), 106, 598

Maya Hardware and Hardware 2.0, 496, 503, 503

Maya IFF (Maya Image File Format), 15

Maya Image File Format (IFF), 498

Maya Nucleus, 562, 575

Maya Software, 496, 501–502

batch rendering, 516

motion blur, 515

render quality, 502, 503

wine bottle rendering, 516–519

Maya Vector, 496, 504, 504

MEL commands, 598

memory caching, for particles, 580–581

mental ray attributes, of shaders, 293

mental ray for Maya, 496

mental ray lighting, 474–476

mental ray rendering, 504, 520–524

for decorative box, 486

example, 522–523

Final Gather (FG), 476, 480, 534–537

and light linking, 469

motion blur, 523–524

and Paint Effects, 592, 595

passes in, 525

Physical Sun and Sky lighting, 476–480, 477, 478

quality settings for anti-aliasing, 520–521

Render Using pull-down menu, 496

menu command, adding to shelf, 597

menu items, Option box for, 48

menu sets, 51, 69, 70–71, 97

access to, 96

drop-down menu, 69

hotkeys for, 71, 233

Merge tool, 133–137

mesh

Boolean operation to cut hole, 242

troubleshooting tear, 243–244, 243–245

Metal shader, 294–295, 295

for screws, bolts and handlebar, 341–342, 342

metal spike, Layered shader for, 298–301

middle mouse button (MMB), 69

midstride, 419

Min Distance attribute, for emitter, 577

Min Sample Level value, for mental ray rendering, 521, 522

MMB (middle mouse button), 69

MMB+click, 32

modeling, 8, 9. See also NURBS modeling; polygonal modeling

with deformers, 196–198

Bend deformer, 196–197, 197

Lattice deformer, 200–204

methods, 117

parametric, 46

planning, 116, 116–118

models, Web resources for, 3

Modify menu, 70

image Center Pivot, 267

image Convert

image NURBS to Polygons image, 180

image Polygons To Subdiv, 209, 210, 217

image Subdiv To Polygons image, 220

image Freeze Transformations, 252, 267, 364, 387

image Freeze Transformations image, 184

image Transformation Tools, image Move Tool image, 81

momentum, 27, 387

motion

Newton's laws of, 26–27

simulation of, 562. See also dynamics

in vector programs, 13

motion blur, 515

with mental ray, 523–524

motion study, 378

motion trails, 388–389, 389

Mountain texture, 307

mouse controls, 35, 69

Move Manipulator (W), 35, 77, 112, 263

options, 81, 81

with snapping, 44

Move Nearest Picked Key Tool icon, 382

Move Pivot tool, for joint positioning, 425

Move tool, 36

for joint positioning, 425

movie files, 15

vs. sequence of images, rendering, 498

moving

CV points, 194

pivot point, 59, 59

rigid dynamic bodies, 565

Mudbox (Autodesk), 196

Mult-Pixel Filtering heading, 521

multiple objects, selecting with Shift key, 35

Multiple Transfer mode, 542

music, 8

N

names

for files, 44

frame range for, 499

of rendered images, 497–498

for nodes, 57

for objects, 41, 162

changing, 113

humpback style, 42

for organizing scene, 38, 48

narrative, 22

National Television System Committee (NTSC), 17, 501

navigating, 68

shortcuts to, 34

and work panels, 73–77

nCaching particles, 580–581

nDynamics menu set, 69

nCache, image Create New Cache, 581

nParticles, image Create nParticles, 576, 581

Near Clip Plane attribute, of camera, 512

negative space, 21

New Project window, 38, 39

Newton's laws of motion, 26–27

nodes, 54–55

Attribute Editor tabs for, 86

names for, 57

network for organizing code, 53–54

parents and children, 55–56

shaders based on, 286

Noise texture, 307

Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline. See NURBS modeling

nonlinear deformer, 403

Normal constraint, 443–444

normalizing curves, 381

normals, 111

Normals, image Set Normal Angle, 110

notes, in Attribute Editor, 112, 112

nParticles, 562, 575–576

attributes, 578–580

setting, 584–585

emitter for, 576–581, 581–583, 582, 583

attributes, 476–477

options, 576

rendering parameters, 586–588

NTSC (National Television System Committee), 17, 501

NTSC D1, 18

NTSC DV, 18

Nuke, 7

null node, 63

NURBS curve, based on CVs, 262

NURBS cylinder, 184

vs. polygonal cylinder, 167

NURBS modeling, 41, 117, 165, 166–168

converting to polygons, 180

degrees of smoothness, 168

levels of detail, 168

NURBS plane, options for creating, 78

NURBS primitives, 118

vs. polygon, 119

NURBS pump

adding end caps, 186–188, 186–189

for locomotive, 184, 184–186, 185, 189–194, 190–194

NURBS sphere, creating, 111

NURBS surfaces, 167

Bevel Surface function, 174, 174

boundary surface, 174–175, 175

to create polygons, 178–179

creating, 168–175

with extruded surface, 171, 171–172

with lofting, 169, 169–170, 170

planar surface, 172, 172–174, 174

with revolved surface, 170, 170

creating with Revolve technique, 142

editing, 181–183

History when creating, 177–178, 178

UV coordinates for, 323–333

NURBS torus, changing creation attributes, 45, 45

O

Object Display, image Drawing Overrides, 92, 107, 107

Object Selection mode (F8), 57, 57, 128, 176

icon, 97

switching between Component mode and, 97

objects. See also dynamic bodies

adding to group, 63

assigning lights to, 468

assigning shaders to, 297

axes for, 19

constraints, 441–445

controlling shadows per, 472–473, 473

Local axis for, 380

manipulating, 35–37

names of, 41

changing, 113

and scene organization, 38

in Outliner, 113

pivot point of, 51

replacing, 392–393

rotation, 52

troubleshooting, 449

selecting, 35

structure, hierarchy and, 53–56

trajectory of. See motion trails

Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134

Offset parameter, for Orient constraint, 442

Omni emitter, 576, 577

opacity of image, 293

Opacity Scale attribute, for Cloud particles, 579

Opacity slider, for Sculpt Geometry tool, 195

OpenEXR format, 14

OpticalFX node, creating, 482–483

Option key on Macintosh, 34, 69, 74

with mouse, 35

Options (Hypergraph), image Layout, image Freeform Layout, 413

orbiting camera, in perspective window, 34

orbits of planets, animation, 50–51

organizing code, network of nodes for, 53–56

Orient constraint, 442, 442

origin

of axes, 19

of surface, UV coordinates for, 323

orthogonal view, 34

orthographic view, 73–75, 74, 75

Outliner, 61, 61–63, 113, 113

for attaching skeleton to geometry, 417, 417

hierarchy, 56, 56

Boolean operations and, 279, 279

problem correction, 62–63, 63

for locomotive geometry, 150

names for joints in, 416, 417

selecting lattice and base node, 203, 203

Show image Objects image Joints, 418

Show image Show All, 418

for wagon, 275, 276, 281

outputting work, playblasting, 64–65, 65

overlighting scene, 458

Overscan attribute, of camera, 512, 512–513

P

Paint Effects, 561, 588–592

attributes, 591–592

toon-shading, 592–595

Paint Selection icon, 104

Paint Skin Weights tool, option box for, 435

painting map, Photoshop for, 327–328, 329

painting skin weights, 434–436, 436

PAL (Phase Alternation Line), 18

panel of storyboard, 5

Panels, image Perspective, image New, 486, 509

panels, in screen display, 32

panning, in Hypershade window, 87

parallax, in photos, 225

parametric modeling, 46

parent constraint, 444–445

parent node, 53, 55, 62

creating pivot point with, 56–57, 57

parenting, 63

particles, 562, 575

animation, 581–588

nCaching, 580–581

Partition Set option, for Rigid Bind, 429

passive rigid bodies, creating, 568

pasting curves, frames for, 393

patch modeling, 166, 181, 183–194

patches, 166

path animation, 389, 389–390

peak keyframes, for ball, 372

pelvis, as root of figure, 412, 414

Penumbra Angle attribute, for spot light, 465

Penumbra attribute, for volume light, 467

percentage readout, on Status line, 103–104, 104

Perspective panel

activating on 4-panel layout, 64

X-Ray mode, 272

perspective shift, in photos, 225

perspective view, 73–75, 74. See also cameras

shaded planets in, 50

perspective view panel, 32

Perspective windows, 19, 68, 68–81

lighting mode in, 491

maximizing, 45

orbiting camera in, 34, 74

for Paint Effects, 590, 590

UV Texture Editor changes display in, 358

Y axis in, 51

Phase Alternation Line (PAL), 18

Phong E shader, 288, 288

attributes, 293

Phong shaders, 287, 287

attributes, 293

creating material, 339

for wood, 296–297, 297

photographers, 3

photoreal mapping, 343–359. See also Decorative Box project

photos

image references from, 83–85

mapping to reference planes, 227–231, 230

Photoshop (Adobe), 12

for lining up image sides, 356–359

Opacity value in, 328, 328

for painting map, 327–328, 329

for scaling images, 225, 226

using files for shading networks, 308–309

Physical Sun and Sky lighting (PSAS), 476–480, 477, 478

physics, 26–27

pick walking, 415

Pivot Placement mode, 143, 263

Pivot Point Manipulator, 59

pivot points

for axe target, 378

in block man, 412

for bolts copied in array, 144

center of balance for, 377, 377

creating, with parent node, 56–57, 57

grouping objects for, 53

for locomotive, 399

moving, 59, 59

of objects, 51

for profile curve, 263

in skeleton, 410

Pixar, RenderMan for Maya, 496

Pixel Aspect Ratio attribute, for rendering, 501

pixelated image, 12, 12

pixels, 12

color of, 14

Pixologic ZBrush, 196

placement node

for Env Chrome texture, 296

for Wood texture, 297

planar projection, 304

planar surface, for NURBS surface, 172, 172–174, 174

plane, Option box for creating, 84

planning production, 23

playback controls, 33, 105, 105

playback of rendered images, 519

Playback Speed to Real-Time, 383

playblasting, 64–65, 65

Plug-In Manager, 520, 520

plug-ins, menu items for, 70

Point constraint, 441, 441

Point Density attribute, 536–537

for Final Gathering, 536, 556

Point Interpolation attribute, for Final Gathering, 536, 556

point lights, 464, 465

point of view (POV) of camera, 23

Point particles, 579

Poke Face tool, 123, 123, 130

pole vector constraint, 445

polished metal, 295

poly mesh

areas of detail on, 131–138

Add Divisions tool, 131–132

combining with surfaces, 133

poly revolve, 150

polygon cylinder, options, 242

polygon proxy, 210

Polygon tool, 119–120

polygonal cylinder, vs. NURBS cylinder, 167

polygonal mesh, mental ray and, 553, 553

polygonal modeling, 117. See also Poly_Hand project; Steam Locomotive project

basics, 115, 119–120

beveling face, troubleshooting, 236–238, 237

detail areas on poly mesh, 131–138

Add Divisions tool, 131–132

Combine function, 133

Cut Faces tool, 137, 137

Duplicate Face tool, 138

Extract tool, 138

Insert Edge Loop tool, 133, 133

Merge tool, 133–137

Offset Edge Loop tool, 133, 134

Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138

Smooth tool, 138

Split Polygon tool, 132

editing tools, 121–124

Bevel tool, 123–124, 124

extrusion tools, 121, 121–122

Poke Face tool, 123, 123

Wedge Face tool, 122–123, 123

suggestions, 163

polygonal plane, creating, 83, 226–227

polygonal primitives, 118, 118

creating, 119

polygonal surface, UV coordinates for, 323, 323

polygons, 41

converting NURBS modeling to, 180

converting subdivision surfaces back to, 220–221

converting to subdivision surface, 209–213, 210, 217–219, 218

creating planar surface as, 173

creating, with NURBS surfaces, 178–179

overview, 117, 117–118

painting weights on, 435, 436

splitting, 99–100, 100

Polygons, image Rotate image, 345

Polygons menu set (F3), 69, 208

Create UVs

image Automatic Mapping, 344

image Planar Mapping image, 324

Edit Mesh

image Add Divisions, 131

image Add Divisions image, 154, 246, 553

image Bevel, 94

image Bevel image, 107, 123, 238, 250, 255, 255, 268, 274

image Cut Faces tool, 137, 256

image Duplicate Face, 138

image Extrude, 100, 121, 125, 134, 156, 214, 253, 254

image Extrude image, 122

image Insert Edge Loop Tool, 108, 133, 140, 146, 216, 233, 234

image Keep Faces Together, 214, 215

image Merge, 136, 244

image Poke Face, 123, 129

image Split Polygon Tool, 99, 103, 128, 132, 236

image Wedge Face image, 122, 128, 147, 249, 249

hotkey for, 71

Mesh

image Booleans image Difference, 242, 277

image Combine, 136

image Create Polygon, 119

image Extract, 138

image Fill Hole, 244

image Sculpt Geometry Tool image, 138

image Separate, 136

image Smooth image, 130, 130, 240

image Transfer Attributes image, 331, 332, 336

image Triangulate, 120

Modify

image Center Pivot, 331

image Freeze Transformations, 331

Select image Convert Selection, image To Faces, 324

Poly_Hand project, 125–130

fingers, 125–126, 126, 127

for alien, 203, 203–204, 204

knuckles, 128, 129

pinkie finger, 128, 129

poly cube for, 125

Scenes folder

detailed_poly_hand.ma file, 201

poly_hand_v1.mb file, 126

poly_hand_v3.mb file, 130, 131

smoothness, 130

thumb, 127, 127–128, 128

Poly_Hand_Anim project

files

poly_hand_skeleton_v01.ma, 423, 423

poly_hand_skeleton_v02.ma, 431, 434

poly_hand_skeleton_v03.ma, 433

poly_hand_skeleton_v05.ma, 446

poly_hand_skeleton_v06.ma, 447

Pool_Table project

Scenes folder, Table_v1.mb, 568

table and balls, creating, 566, 566–568, 567, 568

Table_v2.mb, 570

pose animation, 418

positive space, 21

postprocess, Paint Effects rendering as, 592

postproduction, 4, 6–8

practical lighting, 461

Preferences window, 51, 596, 596

Display, image Subdivs, 210

Edit, image Restore Default Settings, 68

Time slider, 564

Premiere, 15

preproduction, 4–6

planning, Solar System project, 37

Preview Quality, for rendering, 502, 503

primary colors, 16

Primary Diffuse Scale setting, for indirect lighting, 536–537

primitive sphere, 40

primitives, 118, 118

problems. See troubleshooting

procedural shading, 321

procedural textures, 301

production process, 40–53

planning, 23

Production Quality, for rendering, 503

production stages, 4–8

preproduction, 4–6

production workflow, 8–11

professional broadcast, resolution for, 501

profile curve

creating for wagon, 262–267, 263

for extruded NURBS surface, 171

for hubcap, 266

for NURBS, 142

pivot point for, 263

Project Curve on Surface command, 181

projected light, 16

projection node, in Attribute Editor, 304

projections, textures with, 303–305

projects

creating, 38–40, 365

setting, 139

props, 6

protagonist, 22

proxy object, animating, 392

PSAS (Physical Sun and Sky lighting), 476–480, 477, 478

PSD file node, for shading networks, 308–309

PSD network

editing, 309

for Lambert shader, 309

pull brush, 194, 195

push brush, 194

Q

quad, 117

Quadratic option, for Point light decay rate, 464

Queue, setting to infinite, 51

QuickTime Pro, 15

QuickTime (qt), 15, 64, 65

R

Radial Frequency attribute, for OpticalFX node, 483

radiosity, 504

Radius attribute, for particles, 584

Radius Scale ramp, 584–585, 585

Radius Scale Randomize attribute, for particles, 584

Ramp shader, 289–290

Ramp texture, 299, 306

Attribute Editor for, 307

disconnecting ramp from color, 315

Random Range option, for particle lifespan, 578

Range end frame, 105

Range slider, 33, 51, 51, 69, 105, 105–106

Range start frame, 105

raster images, 12

rasterization, 13

Rasterizer renderer with mental ray, 520

Rate attribute, for emitter, 577, 588

raytracing

attributes for, 292

with Maya Software, 501–502

with mental ray, enabling, 507

reflections, 507–508

for shadows, 470, 470, 471–472

vs. shadow map shadows, 472

soft shadows, 473, 473–474

turning on, 486

Real-Time playback speed, 371

realism, details and, 277

Red Wagon project, 224, 224–231, 276

assigning shaders, 310–311, 312

axles, 267

bullnose

creating, 256, 256–257, 257

textures, 341, 341

cleaning up scene, 252

creating body, 253–261, 254

customizing, 283, 283

decals, 322, 322

details, 277–282

railing screws, 277–281, 278

screws for body, 281–282, 282

finishing, 341–342

floor

creating, 254–255

texture for, 338, 339

grouping panels, 252

handlebar, 241

bolt for, 258–261, 259, 260

cleaning faces around hole, 245–-247

inserting, 258, 258–261

lighting, 476–480, 477, 478

materials, adding bump map, 317–321, 317–321

metal shader for screws, bolts and handlebar, 341–342, 342

modeling side panels, 232, 232–252

Boolean for cutting hole in panel, 241, 241–247

rounding edges, 250, 250–251, 251

shaping A panel, 232–235, 232–241

shaping B panel, 247–249, 247–251

smoothing panel, 239, 239–241

modeling wheels, 262–267, 265

creating revolved surfaces, 264–267, 265

revolve options, 265

Outliner view, 275, 276, 281

photos for, 224–225, 225

with reference planes, 224–225, 225

render, 277

Scenes folder

Red WagonModel_v01.ma, 231

Red WagonModel_v02.ma, 241

Red WagonModel_v03.ma, 247

Red WagonModel_v04.ma, 252

Red WagonModel_v05.ma, 257

Red WagonModel_v06.ma, 267

Red WagonModel_v07.ma, 277

Red WagonModel_v08.ma, 310, 593

Red WagonRenderSettings.ma, 522

Red WagonTexture_v01.ma, 321

Red WagonTexture_v02.ma, 331

Red WagonTexture_v03.ma, 338

Red WagonTexture_v04.ma, 342

shader creation and assignment, 330

side panels, textures, 333, 333–336, 334, 337

Sourceimages folder, 226

ApanelStripe.tif, 328, 330

ApanelUV.tif, 327, 327

BpanelStripe.tif, 334, 335

striped image file, 329

toon-shading, 593–595, 593–595

UVs for A panel, 324–327, 325, 326

wheels

creating shading network, 313, 313–321

duplicating and placing, 268

Shader network, 318

wood railings, 268–277

braces, 274, 274

placement, 272–274, 274–276

shading, 339–340, 340, 341

reference images, toggling visibility, 103

reference layer, toggling visibility, 91

reference planes

arranging, 85, 85

assigning shaders to, 229

creating, 83–85, 226–231

creating shaders to assign to, 87

mapping, 227–231, 230

with Hypershade, 88–90

Red Wagon project with, 224–225, 225

turning off, 107

Reflected Color attribute, of shaders, 293, 295, 295–296

reflecting lights. See Final Gather (FG)

reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549

reflections

blurring, 557, 557–558, 558

for metal, 342

raytracing, 507–508, 508

reducing, 549, 550

scattering, 474

true, 502

Reflectivity attribute, of shaders, 293, 296

refractions, 502

rendering, 508–509, 509, 517

refractive index, 508

Relationship Editors, 565

for dynamic bodies, 563, 564, 564

for light linking, 468, 468, 469

Render

image Batch Render, 519, 533

image Cancel Batch Render, 516

image IPR Render Current Frame, 298

image Show Batch Render, 516

Quality tab, 524

Render controls, on Status line, 97

render engine, selecting, 496, 501–504

render layers, 91, 525–533

batch rendering with, 533, 533

compositing Ambient Occlusion results, 542–543, 543, 544

lighting for, 526, 527

for still-life scene, 526, 526–533, 528

test-rendering, 529, 529–530

Render Node Display Area, in Hypershade window, 89

render nodes, 89

Render Override, for shadowPass layer, 531

Render Settings window, 294, 474

attributes in, 496, 497

Features tab, 524

Indirect Lighting tab, 535, 536, 539, 554, 556

Maya Software tab, Quality setting, 320, 320

for mental ray, 520

Quality tab, 535, 536

Raytracing Quality heading, 471

Render The Current Frame icon (Status line), 96, 96

Render View window, 96, 298, 505–507, 506

Keep Image icon, 490, 549

saving single frames, 506

rendering, 3, 6–7, 11, 495

Ambient Occlusion, 537, 537–543

to AVI movie, 15

batch, 515–516

Decorative Box project, 546–559

reflection map, 547, 547–549, 549

nParticles, parameters for, 586–588

polygons for, 117

polygons vs. subdivision surfaces, 220

previewing, 505–507, 506

reflections and refractions, 507–509, 508

saving previous in buffer, 490

setup, 496–504

camera, 500

filenames, 497–498

frame range, 499, 499

image format, 498

render engine selection, 501–504

resolution, 501

time requirements, 519

Accuracy attribute and, 536

Depth of Field attribute and, 559

indirect lighting settings and, 556

mesh details, 553

motion blur and, 524

resolution and, 501

sampling and, 521

using cameras, 509–514

wine bottle, 516–519

batch rendering and sequence playback, 519

camera setup, 518

scene setup, 517, 517

settings options, 516–517

Rendering menu set, 69

hotkey for, 71

Paint Effects, image Get Brush, 589, 590

Toon

image Assign Fill Shader, image Shaded Brightness Two Tone, 593, 594

image Assign Outline, image Add New Toon Outline, 594

RenderMan for Maya (Pixar), 496

Repeat UV setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306

replacing objects in animation, 392–393

resolution, 12, 12, 17–18

increasing display, 45

for rendering, 501

resources, on arts, 27–28

reverse engineering, 162

reverse node, 319

connecting to fractal node, 320

Revolve technique, for creating NURBS surface, 142

revolved surface

creating, 264–267, 265

for creating NURBS surface, 170

RGB color, 16, 17

rigging, 375, 423

arms and hands, workflow for, 436–437

importance of, 436

legs, 437, 437–438

for locomotive, 398–401, 448–455

right mouse button (RMB), 69

Rigid Bind, 427, 428

creating, 429

editing, 432–433

for hand, 431–433, 432, 433

rigid dynamic bodies, 562

animation, 569–570

attributes, 565–566, 571

creating, 563–565, 568

moving, 565

rim light, 461

RMB (right mouse button), 69

RMB+click, 32

roof of locomotive cabin, 154, 155

root joint, 410

of figure, pelvis as, 412, 414

Rotate attribute, constraints and, 441

Rotate icon, 104

Rotate Manipulator (E), 35, 77

for axe throwing, 383

location of pivot point, 57

Rotate tool (E), 36, 56

Rotate Z curve, 383

normalized, 385

rotation

of ball, 374, 374–375

of joint, 410

keyframe for, 367

of objects, 52

viewing with cubes, 61

Rotation attribute

for OpticalFX node, 482

Orient constraint and, 442

rotation keyframe, for axe throwing, 379

Rotation Manipulator handle, 52

Roughness attribute, of shaders, 293

S

Sample Lock attribute, for mental ray rendering, 521

sampling, for mental ray rendering, 520

saturation, 17

saving, 46

layers with TIFF file, 352

multiple versions, 44

previous render in buffer, 490

single frames in Render View window, 506

UV snapshot, 334

Scale constraint, 442, 442

scale, for reference planes, 229, 230, 231

Scale function (Photoshop), 351

scale handles, 121

Scale icon, 104

Scale Manipulator (R), 35, 36, 42, 45, 55, 77

activating, 42

and squash and stretch, 373

scaling, keyframe for, 367

Scene end frame, 105, 106

Scene file icons, on Status line, 97, 97

scene files, 44

Scene start frame, 105, 106

scenes, 23

names for organizing, 48

organization, 38

Scenes folder, 38

screw head, 279–281, 280–281

screws, Metal shader for, 341–342, 342

Script Editor, 106, 519

feedback on batch render progress, 542

scripts, 5, 23

scroll wheel, 34, 35

Scrub bar, 52, 105

scrubbing, 53, 105

Sculpt Geometry tool, 138, 138, 194–195, 195

SDK. See set-driven keys (SDK)

secondary motion, 384

adding, 387–388, 388

and follow-through, 385

sections, on NURBS surface, 168

Select

image Convert Selection, image To Faces, 333

image Select Edge Loop Tool, 109, 238

Select icon, 104

Selected Joints parameter, for Rigid Bind, 429

selecting

group, 60

hulls, 191

isoparms, 176, 176, 182, 186, 186

objects, 35

order for, 400

selection handles, 379, 400–401

Selection masks icons, on Status line, 97

Selection modes icons, on Status line, 97, 97

self-illuminate ability, 290

sequence of images, 23

vs. movie files, rendering, 498

Set Driven Key window, 445, 446, 447, 447

set-driven keys (SDK), 445–447

assigning, 447

attributes, 446–447

creating, 445, 445–446

Set Key command (S), 52, 58

Set Key Options box, 48

Set Normal Angle window, 110

SGI (Silicon Graphics Image), 498

Shaded mode (5), 36, 45, 64

selected objects in, 75–77, 76

shader networks, 89, 322

in Hypershade window, 551, 551

for wagon wheels, 313, 313–321

shaders

applying simple, 47–49

assigning color to, 49

assigning in Red Wagon project, 310–311, 312, 330

assigning to reference planes, 229

attributes, 286, 290–293

basics, 286

creating

to assign to reference planes, 87

for wagon, 330

disconnecting texture node from, 310, 310

glow effects, 483–484

Hypershade window for, 89

library in Maya, 294

reflection limits, 508

types, 286–290

Anisotropic shader, 288, 289

Blinn shader, 288, 288

Lambert shaders, 287, 287

Layered shader, 289, 289

Phong E shader, 288, 288

Phong shaders, 287, 287

Ramp shader, 289–290

shading, 9

procedural, 321

Shading attributes

for Paint Effects, 591

for particles, 578–579

Shading

image Wireframe On Shaded, 147

image X-Ray, 92, 92, 233

shading group, 286

shadow map shadows, 470–471

vs. raytraced shadows, 472

shadow pass, creating, 530–532, 531

shadows, 469, 469–473

alpha channel for rendered, 531–532, 532

changing to raytraced, 517

controlling per object, 472–473, 473

creating, 470–473

depth map Resolution and, 471

fill light to soften, 460

soft, raytracing, 473, 473–474

shape nodes, 54

shapes, in vector image, 12

Shelf, 32, 33, 69, 98, 102

editing Decorative Box model with, 98–103

Extrude icon, 100, 100–101

Polygons tab, 99, 99

Shelf Editor command, 596–597, 597

shelves, customizing, 596–597

Shift key, for selecting multiple objects, 35

shortcuts, to navigating, 34

shots, 23

Show Manipulator tool, 104

for lighting, 492, 492

Silicon Graphics Image (SGI), 498

simulation

baking, 571–574, 572, 573

converting to keyframes, 572

single-node camera, 510, 510

skeletons, 410–423

attaching geometry, 416–417

binding to geometry, 427–431

Block_Man project for creating, 414–416, 415, 416

creating, 414–416

detaching, 431

for hand, 423–436

rigging, 424, 424–425, 425

and hierarchy, 410–411, 411

modeling trick using, 431

pelvis as root, 412, 414

skin weights, painting, 434–436, 436

skinning, 427

slider bar, 51

smoke, nParticles for, 575

Smooth Bind, 427, 428

creating, 429–430

for hand, 434–436

editing, 436

Smooth option, for Artisan module, 195

Smooth tool, 119, 138

smoothness

for extension, 122

NURBS object vs. polygon, 167

previewing, 126, 127

of wagon side panel, 239, 239–241

Snap To Curves icon, 43

Snap To Grids icon, 43

toggling off, 47

Snap To Points icon, 43, 263

Snap To View Planes icon, 43

snaps, 43–44

icons for, 43

Snaps icons, on Status line, 97, 98, 98

soft dynamic bodies, 562

creating, 563–565

Soft Modification tool, 78–79, 79, 104

soft selection, 80–81, 81, 82

soft shadows, 488

raytracing, 473, 473–474

software particles, 579

Solar System project, 20, 20

animation, 50–53

Mercury orbit around sun, 56–58

Earth and Moon, 58–61

animation, 58–59

grouping, 60

Mercury

grouping for new pivot point, 53

rotation, 52–53

moons

creating, 46–47

orbiting around planets, 55–56

NURBs spheres lined up, 43

for other planets' moons, 60

overview, 37

planets and moons in perspective view, 46

Pluto, forcing error in animation, 62–63, 63

preproduction planning, 37

Saturn's rings, 45

Scenes folder

Planets_motionBlur.ma, 523, 523, 525

Planets_v1.mb file, 46

Planets_v2.mb file, 50

Planets_v3.mb file, 63

shaded planets in perspective view, 50

shader colors, 49

sun and planets, creating, 40–45

Venus, 58

SolidWorks, 13

sound, 8

South Park, 8, 436

space, 20–21

3D coordinate, 19–20

positive and negative, 21

XYZ-coordinate, 19

spacebar, for switching to four-panel layout, 74

spans, on NURBS surface, 168

special effects animations, 561

nParticles, 562, 575–576

attributes, 578–580, 584–585

emitter for, 576, 576–583, 582, 583

rendering parameters, 586–588

Paint Effects, 588–592

attributes, 591–592

Special Manipulator, 305

Specular Color attribute, of shaders, 293

specular highlight, 287

Specular Roll Off attribute, of shaders, 290, 317

Speed attribute, for emitter, 577, 583

Speed Random attribute, for emitter, 577

spheres, using cubes in place of, 61

spike, creating, 80, 80

Spin Impulse attribute, for rigid dynamic bodies, 571

spline IK chain, 440

NURBS spline and, 440

Split Polygon tool, 99, 99, 103, 128–129, 132, 236

for starfish, 208, 209

spot lights, 464–466, 465

and shadow maps, 471

for still-life scene, 484, 484

Spread attribute

for emitter, 583, 583

for OpticalFX node, 483

squash and stretch technique, 26

for bouncing ball, 373, 373–374

stacking of shaders, 289

Standard Fit Tessellation method, 179

Star Points attribute, for OpticalFX node, 482

Starfish project, 208–213, 209, 213

marking menu for, 211

Scenes folder

Starfish_v01.ma file, 209

Starfish_v02.ma file, 212

Start Frame attribute, for rendering sequence, 499

Static Friction slider, for rigid dynamic bodies, 566

Status line, 32, 33, 69, 96–98, 97

History button, 54

isoparm selection from, 176, 176

percentage readout on, 103–104, 104

Render The Current Frame icon, 96, 96

Steam Locomotive project, 139–162, 162

animation, 401

axle assembly, 159, 160

boiler engine, 140–144, 141

adding details, 142–144

finishing, 149–151, 151

front cap, 142

lantern, 152, 152

pieces, 152, 152–153, 153

platforms, 150

side panels, 153, 153

cabin, 154–155, 154–156

chimneys, 149–151, 151

cowcatcher, 149, 149

extruding face, 146

finished pump elements, 183

NURBS pump, 184, 184–186, 185, 189–194, 190–194

adding end caps, 186–188, 186–189

Outliner view, 150, 162, 163, 399

pivot point for, 399

production process, 139–140

pump arm

pivot point for, 400

rigging, 451–452, 452

rigging, 398–401, 448–455

back wheel, 453, 453–454

finishing, 455, 455

scene setup, 398–400

wheel control, 448–449

Scenes folder

fancy_locomotive_anim_v1.mb, 448, 448

fancy_locomotive_anim_v2.mb, 452

fancy_locomotive_anim_v3.mb, 454

locomotive_anim_v1.mb, 400, 448

locomotive_model_v1.mb file, 144

locomotive_model_v3.mb file, 153

locomotive_model_v4.mb file, 162, 398, 399

locomotive_Steam_v1.ma, 582

locomotive_steam_v2.ma, 586

locomotive_steam_v3.ma, 588

NURBS_pump_v02.mb file, 188

schematic diagram of boiler & undercarriage, 145

schematic diagram of finished model, 140

small wheels, 159, 159

steam

opacity of, 586, 587

particles animation for, 581–588

steam pumps, 160, 161

undercarriage, 145–149, 146–148

wheel arms, 158, 159

control, 450, 450–451, 451

wheels, 156–158, 156–158

still-life scene. See also Lighting project

lighting, 483–484

rendering in layers, 526, 526–533, 528

rendering with Final Gather, 534

stitching, 183, 189–194, 190–194

stop-motion animation, 410

storyboard, 5, 5, 23

subdivision primitives, 118

subdivision surfaces (SubDs), 117, 208

converting polygon back to, 220–221

converting polygon to, 209–213, 210, 217–219, 218

display resolution of, 210

submenus, 70, 70

subtractive color, 16

surface coordinates (UVs), 303

copying, 331, 332

setup, 343, 343–349, 344

surface normal, 443

surfaces

combining techniques, 175–177, 176

combining with poly meshes, 133

cutting holes in, 181

History, 178, 178–179

subdivision (SubDs), 208

Surfaces menu set (F4), 69, 208

Create

image CV Curve, 142

image NURBS Primitives image Circle, 173

hotkey for, 71

Subdiv Surfaces

image Polygon Proxy Mode, 210, 217

image Refine Selected Components, 212

Surfaces

image Loft, 169, 177

image Loft image, 188, 191

image Planar, 172

image Planar image, 173, 173

image Revolve, 170, 265

image Revolve image, 142, 150

Surfaces shelf, Loft, 169

symbol conventions, 32

symmetry, 21

T

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), 15, 498

tangency, 189–194, 190–194

tangency handles

of animation curve, 368, 369

of keyframes, 385, 385

tangent constraint, 445

Taper option for Extrude, 122

TARGA image format, 15, 293

Teakettle project, 213–221

base poly mesh creation, 213–217, 214, 215

completed, 219

converting polygon to subdivisions, 217–219, 218

handle, 214–215, 215, 217, 218, 219

lattice for, 216, 216

Scenes folder, Kettle_Model_v01.ma file, 217

spout, 219, 219

tear in mesh, troubleshooting, 243–244, 243–245

tearing off menus, 73

technical director (TD), 436

tessellation, 117, 150

creation options and, 179

in Decorative Box project, 553

wheels, 264

test-rendering, composited layers, 529, 529–530

text animation, 393–397, 397, 398

troubleshooting, 397

Text Curves option box, 394

Texture Display mode (6), 313

texture mapping, 286. See also mapping

Texture Shaded mode (6), 76, 92

Texture View mode (6), 356

textures, 3, 9, 10. See also shaders

2D, 306

for axe, 294–301

baking projection, 302

common attributes, 306

Hypershade window for, 89

importing image file as, 307–308

nodes, 305–310

photos to create. See Decorative Box project

preventing render from blurring, 489, 490

with projections, 303–305

ramp, 306

and surfaces, 301–310

UV mapping, 303

for wagon floor, 338, 339

texturing, 286

Texturing, image flCreate PSD Network, 308

third-party plug-in render engines, 496

three-button mouse, 35

three-node camera, 510, 510

three-point lighting, 459–461, 460

throwing axe. See axe throwing

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), 15, 293, 498

layers in, 328

saving, 352

TIFF16, 14

time, change over, 4

Time slider, 33, 51, 51, 69, 105, 105–106

context menu, Playblast image, 64, 64

scrubbing, 53

timeline, 4

timing of animation, 372–373

adjusting, 371, 371

Tool Box, 69, 102–103, 103

icons, 104

Scale tool, 36, 42

Select tool, 100, 100, 105

Soft Modification tool, 78–79, 79, 80

Transform tools, 36

Universal Manipulator, 35, 35, 36, 77, 78

Tool Settings window

Influence section, Paint Operation, 435

for Move tool, 81

tools, invoking last used, 438

toon-shading, with Paint Effects, 592–595

torus, for Saturn rings, 45

transferring animation, 392–393

Transform Manipulator, 146

activating, 36

transform nodes, 54

working with, 54–55

transformations, 54

Translate attribute, constraints and, 441

Translate tool (W), 55, 104, 365, 422

Translate X, 381

Translate Y, 381

Translate Y Manipulator, 384

Translate Z attribute, 369

translation keyframe, for axe throwing, 379

Translucence attribute, of shaders, 292

Translucence Focus attribute, of shaders, 292

transparency, alpha channel for, 15, 500

Transparency attribute

for Paint Effects, 591

of shaders, 286

automatically mapping, 330

transparency maps

for Layered shaders, 289

and shadows, 472, 472

triangle face, 117

Triangular Tool, 233

triangulating surface, 120, 120

Trim tool, 181

trimmed surface, 172

troubleshooting

and aggravation, 380

beveling polygon face, 236–238, 237

Caps Lock key and manipulator hotkeys, 78

color and ramp texture display, 313

feet rotating into ground, 437, 438

flying text, 397

fuzzy wood texture, 489

grouping of IK handle, 454

moons not staying with planet, 60

object rotation, 449

tear in mesh, 243–244, 243–245

wobbly wheels, 400

True Color, 14

true reflections, 502

Tube Shading attribute, for Paint Effects, 591

Tube Width attribute, for Paint Effects, 592

Tubes Per Step attribute, for Paint Effects, 592

tumble, 34

TV screen, color variation, 17

Twist option for Extrude, 122

two-node camera, 510, 510

Type attribute, for text, 394

Type drop-down menu, for light, 462

U

U Ramp, for Ramp texture, 313

UI. See user interface (UI)

undercarriage of locomotive, 145–149, 146–148

underlighting scene, 458

Undo, 51

Universal Manipulator, 35, 35, 36, 77, 78, 104

Untrim Surfaces command, 181

Up Axis, 51

user interface (UI), 32–37, 33

keys and syntax, 33–34

mouse controls, 35

user preferences, customizing, 596, 596

UV Assignment, Planar Project Per Face, 95, 95

UV coordinates

for NURBS surfaces, 323–333

for polygonal surface, 323, 323

UV layout, 327

planar projection for, 326

UV mapping, 303

UV snapshot, saving, 334

UV Snapshot window, 350

UV Texture Editor, 324, 324, 334, 343, 343

Polygons, image UV Snapshot, 327, 350

Select, image Select Shell, 345, 346, 347, 348

UVs (surface coordinates), 303

copying, 331, 332

setup, 343, 343–349, 344

UVSnapShot layer, 309

V

vector based software, 2

vector images, 12–13, 13

vector rendering, 504, 504

vertices

adding to middle of face, 123

binding clusters, 427

fusing multiple, 133

of polygons, 117, 117, 120

VGA (Video Graphics Array), 18

View

image Camera Attribute Editor, 486

image Select Camera, 509

view planes, 84

ViewCube, 34, 74, 75, 75

viewing color, 17

viewports, 32

views, 32

Alt+RMB+click to dolly into or out, 74

dolly into and out of, 34

virtual camera, 3

Visor window, for Paint Effects, 589

Volume emitter, 576, 577

Volume Light Dir attribute, for volume light, 467

volume lights, 466–467, 467

volume primitives, 118

volumes, in vector image, 12

volumetric lighting, 481–482

Vray for Maya, 496

W

wagon. See Red Wagon project

walk cycle

for block man, 418–423, 419, 420, 421

Graph Editor for animation curves, 422

IK, creating, 438–440, 439, 440

wrap-up, 423

warm colors, 16, 22

warping effect, 205

Water texture, 307

web pages for book, 38

web resources

on arts, 28

on Maya, 599–600

for models, 3

Wedge Face tool, 122–123, 123, 128

weight

and animation quality, 378

of axe, 384

of frame subject, 24–26

Weight slider, for Point constraint, 441

wheels

for locomotive, 156–158, 156–158, 453, 453–454

rigging, 448–449

troubleshooting, 400

tessellation, 264

for wagon, 262–267, 265

creating shading network, 313, 313–321

duplicating and placing, 268

Whiteness attribute, of shaders, 293

Widescreen File aspect ratio, 18

Widescreen TV aspect ratio, 18

Width attribute, for rendering, 501

Window menu, 70

image Animation Editors, image Graph Editor, 367, 381

image Attribute Editor (Ctrl+A), 111

image General Editors

image Connection Editor, 449

image Script Editor, 519

image Hypergraph: Hierarchy, 387

image Outliner, 107, 113

image Relationship Editors

image Dynamic Relationships, 564

image Light Linking image Light-Centric, 468

image Rendering Editors

image Hypershade, 47, 86, 227, 286

image Render Settings, 294, 471, 474, 496

image Render View, 505

image Settings/Preferences

image Color Settings, 598

image Hotkey Editor, 597

image Plug-in Manager, 520

image Preferences, 34, 51, 68, 210. See also Preferences window

image Shelf Editor, 596

image UV Texture Editor, 324

window zoom, 34

windows

Alt+MMB+click to track around, 74

for Attribute Editor, 86

tracking around, 34

Windows Explorer, 39

Windows Media Player, 65, 65

wine bottle, rendering, 516–519

batch rendering and sequence playback, 519

camera setup, 518

scene setup, 517, 517

settings options, 516–517

Wireframe mode (4), 13, 36, 75, 75–77

selected objects in, 35

wireframes, displaying cube as, 93

wood texture, fuzziness of, 489

wooden handle, 296–298, 298

Work Area, in Hypershade window, 89, 90, 90

work panels, and navigation, 73–77

workflow, organizing with Layer Editor, 90–91

workspace, 32

World axis, 19

Wrap U setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306

Wrap V setting, for 2D texture nodes, 306

X

X axis, 19

and object movement, 36

X-Ray mode, 92, 92, 233, 233, 272

XYZ Axis icon, 19

XYZ-coordinate space, 19

Y

Y axis, 19

and object movement, 36

in Perspective window, 51

Y-axis rotation, keyframes for, 53

Y up, 51

Z

Z axis, 19

and object movement, 36

Z-axis move handle, 121

Z-axis translate handle, 125

ZBrush (Pixologic), 196

zero level of detail, 212

zooming

in Graph Editor, 381

in Hypershade window, 87

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