Soltani, M. 469, 471–472, 473

Solution stirring 6f

Solvent induced interfacial precipitation 301–304

Solvent-based polymer pilot plant 348f

Solvent-based polymeric binders 343–347

Solvent-based resin pilot plants 346–347

Solvents 

applications of 337

definition of 337

overview of 337

Song, L. 467

South Florida 644–647, 650 See also Culturally significant works

Spectroscopic techniques  See also In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; In situ Raman spectroscopy

equipment for 677–679

ATR 679

IR spectroscopy 678–679

Raman spectroscopy 677–678

GCC 

FTIR analysis as 369

NMR analysis as 371

overview of 368–374

Raman analysis as 369–370

XPS analysis as 371–374

methods as 677–679

ATR 679

IR spectroscopy 678–679

Raman spectroscopy 677–678

overview of 673–674, 694

principles as 674–677

IR spectroscopy 676–677

Raman spectroscopy 674–676

Spherical hollow silica (SHS) containers 320f

Spherical hollow silica (SHS) nanoparticles 293f

Spherical mesoporous silica (SMS) nanoparticles 293f

Spin-coating 

overview of 589

schematics of 589f

spiro[1H-isoindole-1,9-[9H]xanthen]-3(2H)-one, 3,6-bis(diethylamino)-2-[(1-methylethylidene)amino](FDI) 27–28

SPRs  See Surface plasmon resonances

Stabilization 338

Standard anodization process 66–67

Stannate conversion coatings 

mitigation of corrosion using 

acidic pickling surface modification in 549f, 551f

alkaline etching surface modification in 550f, 551f

compact protective coatings formation in 550f, 551f

corrosion rates in 552t

hydrogen evolution in 551t

localized corrosion in 549f

NaCl solution in 552f

overview of 547–553

performance in 548–553

porous nonprotective coatings formation in 549f

potentiodynamic in 552f

self-healing coatings formation in 550f, 551f

self-healing functionality in 553

synthesis in 547–548

testing in 547–548

overview of 553–554

remarks on 553–554

Steckl, A. J. 116, 119

Steel corrosion sensors 615f

Steel panel 511f

Steel structures 24, 28–29 See also Cathodic protection

Steel substrates, in ZRPs 

EIS monitoring 216–229

experiment 216–239

GD OES 230–231

immersion test 216–229

investigation 216–239

salt-spray chamber test 237–239

XPS 232–237

Stephenson, L. D. 24

Stern-Volmer equation 620

Stimuli-responsive 291, 298–300

Strain measurements 605f

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) 

corrosion fatigue 546

intergranular 546

magnesium alloy mechanisms 545–546

overview of 545–546

transgranular 546

types of 546

Stressed aluminum-coated optical fiber corrosion sensor 611, 612f

Structural health monitoring (SHM) 603–604

Styrene butylacrylate latex 358t

Submicroparticles 

aluminum modified 293f

silica 293f

Substance of very high concern (SVHC) 68–69

Substrates 23–24 See also Steel substrates

characterizing 650–652

culturally significant works 649–650

experimental details for 649–651

high performance protective coating 649–650

weathered coated 651–652

in ZRPs 

EIS monitoring 216–229

experiment 216–239

GD OES 230–231

immersion test 216–229

investigation 216–239

salt-spray chamber test 237–239

XPS 232–237

Sukhorukov, G. B. 307

Sulfate transport mechanism 68–69

Super D-Gun  See Detonation gun spraying

Superalloys 32–33, 32f

chemical composition of 39t

Cr content influencing 41

hot corrosion of 37

nickel-based 32–33, 32f, 48

under type-I corrosion conditions 37, 38f, 39f

under type-II corrosion conditions 38f

Superhydrophobic coatings 

as anticorrosion coating 

fabrication procedures 421–424

overview 419–424

theoretical background 419–420

EAP-based 575–580

zinc coated with 422f

Superhydrophobic conducting polymers, as anticorrosion coatings 424–427

Surface coating technologies 

diffusion coatings as 42

engineering techniques 44–45

overlay coatings as 42–44

overview of 41–45

Surface engineering techniques 

EB-PVD processes as 45

overview of 44–45

preparation of 49–50

selection of 49–50

thermal spraying processes as 44–45

Surface modification 

anodic oxidation for 590–591

combined methods 592

electrolytic deposition for 591–592

laser oxidation for 590

plasma electrolytic oxidation for 591

pretreatment coating 65–66

sol-gel method for 

dip-coating 588–589

overview of 587–589

spin-coating 589

titanium 

anodic oxidation 590–591

combined methods for 592

electrolytic deposition 591–592

laser oxidation 590

overview of 587

plasma electrolytic oxidation 591

sol-gel method for 587–589

Surface morphology 

with AFM 382

with FESEM 380–382

overview of 380–382

with TEM 382

Surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) 

basic structure of optical fiber sensor for 609f

metal corrosion detected by 616, 616f

overview of 608–609

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) 678

Survey 645f

Suryanarayana, C. 493, 497

SVET  See Scanning vibrating electrode technique

SVHC  See Substance of very high concern

Swain, G. M. 71–72

Sweat 598t

Switches 

all-optical 471–473

electrical 473

microwave 482f

Switching 

absorption 478f

time 464–465

transmission 482f

transmittance 472f

Synthetic nanoclays 654–658, 661–664

Takahashi, K. 120

TCP coatings  See Trivalent chromium pretreatment coatings

TEM  See Transmission Electron Microscopy

Tetrakis(diethyl)-aminometal 115, 115t

Thermal analysis 

overview of 374–375

of solid GCC 375

Thermal spraying processes 

APS as 45

arc spraying as 44–45

detonation gun spraying as 45

EB-PVD processes compared with 46t

flame spraying as 44

HVOF as 45

overview of 44–45

techniques 44

VPS as 45

warm spray process as 45

Thermochromic 461, 466, 483

Thermodynamics 2–3

Thermogravimetric test 51

Thinning 339–340

Threads length 324f

304L stainless steel 139–160

TiCN precursors 114–115, 114f

Tinting 339–340

TiO₂  See Titanium dioxide

Titania precursors 

overview of 107–112

sol-gel as 108–109

Titanium 115, 115t

anodic oxidation 590–591

electrolytic deposition 591–592

laser oxidation 590

overview of 585–587, 599

protective films 

ceramic coatings 595–596

composites 594

HA 594

hybrid coatings 594–595

overview 592–596

oxides 592–593

sol-gel method 

dip-coating 588–589

overview of 587–589

spin-coating 589

surface modification 

anodic oxidation 590–591

electrolytic deposition 591–592

laser oxidation 590

methods 587, 592

overview 587

sol-gel method 587–589

Titanium alloys 585–587, 598f

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) 

crystallographic forms of 593f

nanocomposites 571–573

Tjipto, E. 305

Toohey, K. 501, 502

TRACE criteria  See Transparent, Reversible, Applied, Commercially available, Environment criteria

Traditional coatings 20

Transgranular stress corrosion cracking (transgranular SCC) 546

Transition temperature 466

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 382

Transmission spectra 626f

Transmission switching 482f

Transmittance switching 472f

Transparent, Reversible, Applied, Commercially available, Environment (TRACE) criteria 642

Trivalent chromium pretreatment (TCP) coatings 71–72

TSD  See Twin Shaft Disperser

Tuneable metamaterial devices 474–476

Tungsten (W) 

precursors 112–114

VO₂ co-doping with 466–467, 468f, 469–471, 472t

Turbine propellers 349f

Turn-on corrosion detector 27–28

Twin Shaft Disperser (TSD) 352–353

Type-I hot corrosion 34, 37, 38f, 39f

Type-II hot corrosion 34, 38f

Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure test 402

Ultraviolet-induced chemical vapor deposition (UVCVD) 99, 99f

Under deposit corrosion  See Crevice corrosion

Uniform corrosion  See General corrosion

Union Carbide 45

United States (U.S.) 63, 283–284

University of Illinois 24

UV light exposure test  See Ultraviolet light exposure test

UVCVD  See Ultraviolet-induced chemical vapor deposition

Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) 45

Vanadate coating 26f

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) 

applications 

all-optical switches 471–473

electrical switches 473

hybrid metamaterial devices 473–476

overview 471–483

plasmonic devices 476–481

RF-microwave switches 481–483

smart windows 483

Au and 476–477

Au-nanoparticles and 478

crystalline structure of 462f

electrical resistivity of 470f

infrared transmittance during 462f

microwave switch design based on 482f

nanoparticle composite 476–477

properties of 461–471

atomic oxygen irradiation's effects on 466

doping effects on 466–471

phase transition 464–465, 466–471

switching time 464–465

synthesis methods 463–464

pump-probe result summary 472t

RF-microwave switches based on 481–483

SMT of 461, 462, 464–465, 469–470, 471–472, 473–474, 475, 477, 479–480, 481

sol-gel 466

thin films 478

valence band diagrams 463f

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques  See Spectroscopic techniques

VisiMix 348

Vitreous enamel 

cross-section of 253f

experiment 

citric acid 264f, 266f

coating resistance 275f

color changes 264f, 273f

conclusion 280–281

cross-section 270f, 274f

discussion 259–280

emission spectra 263f, 276f, 278f, 279f, 280f

excitation spectra 263f

gloss change 264f, 267f, 272f

immersion 264f, 266f, 267f

main peak 276f, 278f, 279f, 280f

materials 256–259

overview 280–281

potassium pyrophosphate immersion 267f, 268f, 269f, 270f

procedures 256–259

results 259–280

roughness values 265f, 268f

salt spray exposure 271f

surface 262f, 269f, 271f, 273f

trend of intensity 276f

trend of luminescent properties 275–280

trend of protective properties 261–275

properties of 252–255, 261–280

protection 261–275

VO₂  See Vanadium dioxide

VO₂ plasmonic devices 476–481

VO₂-based hybrid metamaterial devices 473–476

VO₂-based RF-microwave switches 481–483

Volume fractions 667–668

VPS  See Vacuum plasma spraying

W  See Tungsten

Wackerbarth, H. 307

Walt, D. R. 631–632

Walther, M. 503–504

Wang, P. 421–422

Warm spray process, as thermal spraying process 45

Water 344, 384–387, 492f, 512f, 667–668

Waterborne nanocomposites coatings 654–657

Waterborne PVDF-clay nanocomposites 666–667

WAXD  See Wide angle X-ray diffraction

Wear analysis 379

Weathered coated substrates 651–654

Weathering 389–396

Weathering studies 644–647, 650, 651

Wei, Y. 562–563

Weight fraction of microcapsules 516f

Weng, C. 423–424, 426–427

Wenzel equation 420, 421f

Wet corrosion 60

Wettability conversion 427f

Wetting 338

White, S. R. 493

Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) 660–661

Wilson, L. 70

W-Ti co-doped VO₂ 469–471

Xanthosoma sagittifolium leaves 575–580

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 205, 232–237, 371–374

X-ray scattering (SAXS) 660–661

Xu, G. 478

Xu, Q. 424, 426

Yang, H. 503–504

Yang, J. 495

Yasui, K. 117

Yeh, J. M. 563, 564, 567, 569–573, 575

Young, W. 106

Young's equation 419–420

Yttria precursors, CVD precursors as 110–112

Yuan, L. 496

Yuan, S. 424

Zhang, F. 422–423

Zhu, Y. 426

Zinc 422f

Zinc-rich paints (ZRPs) 

experiment 

low carbon steel substrates 203–205

materials 199–200

methods 201–205

nano-size particles 199, 201–203, 205–216

nanotubes 201–203

overview 199–205, 239–243

paint coatings 200, 203–205, 216–239

preparation 199, 200

results 205–243

steel substrates 216–239

synthesis 199–200

overview of 196–198

Zirconia precursors 

CVD precursors as 110–112

overview of 107–112

sol-gel as 109–110

Zirconium 115, 115t

ZrCN precursors 114–115, 114f

ZRPs  See Zinc-rich paints