Contributors
by Leonard L. Grigs
Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, 3rd Edition
- Preface
- Editor
- Contributors
- Section I - Electric Power Generation: Nonconventional Methods
- Chapter 1 - Wind Power
- Section 2 - Photovoltaic Fundamentals
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Market Drivers
- 2.3 Optical Absorption
- 2.4 Extrinsic Semiconductors and the pn Junction
- 2.5 Maximizing Cell Performance
- 2.6 Traditional PV Cells
- 2.7 Emerging Technologies
- 2.8 PV Electronics and Systems
- 2.9 Conclusions
- References
- Section 3 - Advanced Energy Technologies
- Chapter 4 - Water
- Section II - Electric Power Generation: Conventional Methods
- Chapter 5 - Hydroelectric Power Generation
- Chapter 6 - Synchronous Machinery
- Chapter 7 - Thermal Generating Plants
- 7.1 Plant Auxiliary System
- 7.2 Plant One-Line Diagram
- 7.3 Plant Equipment Voltage Ratings
- 7.4 Grounded vs. Ungrounded Systems
- 7.5 Miscellaneous Circuits
- 7.6 DC Systems
- 7.7 Power Plant Switchgear
- 7.8 Auxiliary Transformers
- 7.9 Motors
- 7.10 Main Generator
- 7.11 Cable
- 7.12 Electrical Analysis
- 7.13 Maintenance and Testing
- 7.14 Start-Up
- References
- Chapter 8 - Distributed Utilities
- Section III - Transmission System
- Chapter 9 - Concept of Energy Transmission and Distribution
- Chapter 10 - Transmission Line Structures
- Chapter 11 - Insulators and Accessories
- 11.1 Electrical Stresses on External Insulation
- 11.2 Ceramic (Porcelain and Glass) Insulators
- 11.3 Nonceramic (Composite) Insulators
- 11.4 Insulator Failure Mechanism
- 11.5 Methods for Improving Insulator Performance
- 11.6 Accessories
- References
- Chapter 12 - Transmission Line Construction and Maintenance
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Transmission Line Siting
- 12.3 Sequence of Line Construction
- 12.4 Conductor Pulling Plan
- 12.5 Conductor Stringing Methods
- 12.6 Equipment Setup
- 12.7 Sagging
- 12.8 Overhead Transmission Line Maintenance
- 12.9 Transmission Line Work
- 12.10 Data/Information Management and Analysis
- 12.11 Emergency Restoration of Transmission Structures
- References
- Chapter 13 - Insulated Power Cables Used in Underground Applications
- Chapter 14 - Transmission Line Parameters
- 14.1 Transmission Line Parameters
- 14.1.1 Series Resistance
- 14.1.2 Series Inductance and Series Inductive Reactance
- 14.1.2.1 Inductance of a Solid, Round, Infinitely Long Conductor
- 14.1.2.2 Internal Inductance due to Internal Magnetic Flux
- 14.1.2.3 External Inductance
- 14.1.2.4 Inductance of a Two-Wire, Single-Phase Line
- 14.1.2.5 Inductance of Three-Phase Transmission Line in Asymmetrical Arrangement
- 14.1.2.6 Inductance of Balanced Three-Phase Transmission Line in Symmetrical Arrangement
- 14.1.2.7 Inductance of Transposed Three-Phase Transmission Lines
- 14.1.3 Shunt Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
- 14.1.3.1 Capacitance of a Single Solid Conductor
- 14.1.3.2 Capacitance of a Single-Phase Line with Two Wires
- 14.1.3.3 Capacitance of Three-Phase Transmission Line in Asymmetrical Arrangement
- 14.1.3.4 Capacitance of Three-Phase Transmission Line in Symmetrical Arrangement
- 14.1.3.5 Capacitance of Stranded Bundle Conductors
- 14.1.3.6 Capacitance due to Earth’s Surface
- 14.1.4 Equivalent Circuit of Three-Phase Transmission Lines
- 14.1.5 Characteristics of Overhead Conductors
- References
- 14.1 Transmission Line Parameters
- Chapter 15 - Sag and Tension of Conductor
- 15.1 Catenary Cables
- 15.2 Approximate Sag-Tension Calculations
- 15.3 Numerical Sag-Tension Calculations
- 15.4 Ruling Span Concept
- 15.5 Line Design Sag-Tension Parameters
- 15.6 Conductor Installation
- 15.7 Defining Terms
- References
- Chapter 16 - Corona and Noise
- Chapter 17 - Geomagnetic Disturbances and Impacts upon Power System Operation
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Power Grid Damage and Restoration Concerns
- 17.3 Weak Link in the Grid: Transformers
- 17.4 Overview of Power System Reliability and Related Space Weather Climatology
- 17.5 Geological Risk Factors and Geo-Electric Field Response
- 17.6 Power Grid Design and Network Topology Risk Factors
- 17.7 Extreme Geomagnetic Disturbance Events: Observational Evidence
- 17.8 Power Grid Simulations for Extreme Disturbance Events
- 17.9 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 18 - Lightning Protection
- 18.1 Ground Flash Density
- 18.2 Mitigation Methods
- 18.3 Stroke Incidence to Power Lines
- 18.4 Stroke Current Parameters
- 18.5 Calculation of Lightning Overvoltage on Grounded Object
- 18.6 Calculation of Resistive Voltage Rise VR
- 18.7 Calculation of Inductive Voltage Rise VL
- 18.8 Calculation of Voltage Rise on Phase Conductor
- 18.9 Joint Distribution of Peak Voltage on Insulators
- 18.10 Insulation Strength
- 18.11 Calculation of Transmission Line Outage Rate
- 18.12 Improving the Transmission Line Lightning Outage Rate
- 18.13 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19 - Reactive Power Compensation
- 19.1 Need for Reactive Power Compensation
- 19.2 Application of Shunt Capacitor Banks in Distribution Systems: A Utility Perspective
- 19.3 Static VAR Control
- 19.4 Series Compensation
- 19.5 Series Capacitor Bank
- 19.6 Voltage Source Converter–Based Topologies
- 19.7 Defining Terms
- References
- Chapter 20 - Environmental Impact of Transmission Lines
- Chapter 21 - Transmission Line Reliability Methods
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Common Terminology for Analyzing Transmission Outage Data
- 21.3 Transmission Outage Data Sources and Current Data Gathering Efforts
- 21.4 Western Electricity Coordinating Council: Transmission Reliability Database
- 21.5 North American Electricity Reliability Corporation: Transmission Availability Database System
- 21.6 Salt River Project Transmission Outage Data
- 21.6.1 SRP Operating Environment
- 21.6.2 Transmission Event Data Capture
- 21.6.3 Transmission Event Data Characteristics
- 21.6.4 Nonrandom Event Performance Analysis of Actionable Transmission System Events
- 21.6.5 Potential Uses of the Nonrandom Event Performance, NREP, Feedback
- 21.6.6 Category Random
- 21.6.7 Category Nonrandom
- 21.6.8 NREP Conclusion Section
- 21.7 Southern California Edison Transmission Outage Data
- 21.8 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 22 - High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission System
- Chapter 23 - Transmission Line Structures
- Chapter 24 - Advanced Technology High-Temperature Conductors
- Section IV - Distribution Systems
- Chapter 25 - Power System Loads
- Chapter 26 - Distribution System Modeling and Analysis
- 26.1 Modeling
- 26.1.1 Line Impedance
- 26.1.2 Shunt Admittance
- 26.1.3 Line Segment Models
- 26.1.4 Step-Voltage Regulators
- 26.1.4.1 Voltage Regulator in the Raise Position
- 26.1.4.2 Voltage Regulator in the Lower Position
- 26.1.4.3 Line Drop Compensator
- 26.1.4.4 Wye Connected Regulators
- 26.1.4.5 Voltage Equations
- 26.1.4.6 Current Equations
- 26.1.4.7 Closed Delta Connected Regulators
- 26.1.4.8 Open Delta Connection
- 26.1.4.9 Generalized Equations
- 26.1.5 Transformer Bank Connections
- 26.1.6 Load Models
- 26.1.7 Shunt Capacitor Models
- 26.2 Analysis
- References
- 26.1 Modeling
- Chapter 27 - Power System Operation and Control
- 27.1 Implementation of Distribution Automation
- 27.2 Distribution SCADA History
- 27.3 Field Devices
- 27.4 Integrated SCADA System
- 27.5 Security
- 27.6 Practical Considerations
- 27.7 Standards
- 27.8 Deployment Considerations
- Chapter 28 - Hard to Find Information (on Distribution System Characteristics and Protection)
- 28.1 Overcurrent Protection
- 28.1.1 Introduction
- 28.1.2 Fault Levels
- 28.1.3 Surface Current Levels
- 28.1.4 Reclosing and Inrush
- 28.1.5 Cold Load Pickup
- 28.1.6 Calculation of Fault Current
- 28.1.7 Current Limiting Fuses
- 28.1.8 Rules for Application of Fuses
- 28.1.9 More Overcurrent Rules
- 28.1.10 Capacitor Fusing
- 28.1.11 Conductor Burndown
- 28.1.12 Protective Device Numbers
- 28.1.13 Protection Abbreviations
- 28.1.14 Simple Coordination Rules
- 28.1.15 Lightning Characteristics
- 28.1.16 Arc Impedance
- 28.2 Transformers
- 28.3 Instrument Transformers
- 28.4 Loading
- 28.5 Miscellaneous Loading Information
- 28.1 Overcurrent Protection
- Chapter 29 - Real-Time Control of Distributed Generation
- Chapter 30 - Distribution Short-Circuit Protection
- 30.1 Basics of Distribution Protection
- 30.2 Protection Equipment
- 30.3 Transformer Fusing
- 30.4 Lateral Tap Fusing and Fuse Coordination
- 30.5 Station Relay and Recloser Settings
- 30.6 Arc Flash
- 30.7 Coordinating Devices
- 30.8 Fuse Saving versus Fuse Blowing
- 30.8.1 Industry Usage
- 30.8.2 Effects on Momentary and Sustained Interruptions
- 30.8.3 Coordination Limits of Fuse Saving
- 30.8.4 Long-Duration Faults and Damage with Fuse Blowing
- 30.8.5 Long-Duration Voltage Sags with Fuse Blowing
- 30.8.6 Optimal Implementation of Fuse Saving
- 30.8.7 Optimal Implementation of Fuse Blowing
- 30.9 Other Protection Schemes
- 30.10 Reclosing Practices
- 30.11 Single-Phase Protective Devices
- References
- Section V - Electric Power Utilization
- Chapter 31 - Metering of Electric Power and Energy
- Chapter 32 - Basic Electric Power Utilization: Loads, Load Characterization and Load Modeling
- Chapter 33 - Electric Power Utilization: Motors
- Chapter 34 - Linear Electric Motors
- Section VI - Power Quality
- Chapter 35 - Introduction
- Chapter 36 - Wiring and Grounding for Power Quality
- Chapter 37 - Harmonics in Power Systems
- Chapter 38 - Voltage Sags
- Chapter 39 - Voltage Fluctuations and Lamp Flicker in Power Systems
- Chapter 40 - Power Quality Monitoring
Contributors
Math H.J. Bollen
Swedish Transmission Research Institute
Ludvika, Sweden
Simon W. Bowen
Alabama Power Company
Birmingham, Alabama
Robert P. Broadwater
Department of Electrical Engineering
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia
Steven R. Brockschink (retired)
Stantec Consulting
Portland, Oregon
Jim Burke
Quanta Technology
Raleigh, North Carolina
Daryl Chipman
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
William A. Chisholm
Kinectrics/Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
George L. Clark
Alabama Power Company
Birmingham, Alabama
Patrick Coleman
Alabama Power Company
Birmingham, Alabama
Anthony M. DiGioia, Jr.
DiGioia, Gray and Associates, LLC
Monroeville, Pennsylvania
Murat Dilek
Electrical Distribution Design, Inc.
Blacksburg, Virginia
Dale A. Douglass
Power Delivery Consultants, Inc.
Niskayuna, New York
Michael L. Dyer
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
Richard G. Farmer
School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona
Jacek F. Gieras
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Technology and Life Sciences
Bydgoszcz, Poland
Yancy Gill
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
Jim Green
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
Charles A. Gross
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
John V. Grubbs
Alabama Power Company
Birmingham, Alabama
James H. Gurney (retired)
BC Hydro
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
S. Mark Halpin
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
Andrew P. Hanson
The Structure Group
Houston, Texas
James R. Hunt
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
Géza Joós
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Peter M. Kandaris
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
John G. Kappenman
Metatech Corporation
Duluth, Minnesota
George G. Karady
School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona
Brian Keel
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
John R. Kennedy
Georgia Power Company
Atlanta, Georgia
William H. Kersting
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Christopher J. Melhorn
EPRI PEAC Corporation
Knoxville, Tennessee
Roger A. Messenger
Florida Atlantic University
Boca Raton, Florida
Vaughn Nelson
Alternative Energy Institute
West Texas A&M University
Canyon, Texas
Robert E. Nickerson
Consulting Engineer
Fort Worth, Texas
Paul I. Nippes
Magnetic Products and Services, Inc.
Holmdel, New Jersey
Hugh Stewart Nunn II
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
Vishal C. Patel
Southern California Edison Company
Rosemead, California
Joe C. Pohlman
Consultant
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Saifur Rahman
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Virginia Tech
Arlington, Virginia
Rama Ramakumar
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
Manuel Reta-Hernández
Electrical Engineering Academic Unit
Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Zacatecas, Mexico
Kenneth H. Sebra
Baltimore Gas and Electric Company
Dameron, Maryland
Douglas B. Seely
Stantec Consulting
Portland, Oregon
Tom A. Short
Electric Power Research Institute
Burnt Hills, New York
Raymond R. Shoults
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, Texas
Larry D. Swift
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Texas at Arlington
Arlington, Texas
Rao S. Thallam
Salt River Project
Phoenix, Arizona
F. Ridley Thrash
Southwire Company
Carrollton, Georgia
Giao N. Trinh (retired)
Hydro-Québec Institute of Research
Boucherville, Quebec, Canada
-
No Comment