IV

Distribution Systems

William H. Kersting

25 Power System Loads Raymond R. Shoults and Larry D. Swift 25-1

Load Classification • Modeling Applications • Load Modeling Concepts and Approaches • Load Characteristics and Models • Static Load Characteristics • Load Window Modeling • References

26 Distribution System Modeling and Analysis William H. Kersting 26-1

Modeling • Analysis • References

27 Power System Operation and Control George L. Clark and Simon W. Bowen 27-1

Implementation of Distribution Automation • Distribution SCADA History • Field Devices • Integrated SCADA System • Security • Practical Considerations • Standards • Deployment Considerations

28 Hard to Find Information (on Distribution System Characteristics and Protection) Jim Burke 28-1

Overcurrent Protection • Transformers • Instrument Transformers • Loading • Miscellaneous Loading Information

29 Real-Time Control of Distributed Generation Murat Dilek and Robert P. Broadwater 29-1

Local Site DG Control • Hierarchical Control: Real-Time Control • Control of DGs at Circuit Level • Hierarchical Control: Forecasting Generation • References

30 Distribution Short-Circuit Protection Tom A. Short 30-1

Basics of Distribution Protection • Protection Equipment • Transformer Fusing • Lateral Tap Fusing and Fuse Coordination • Station Relay and Recloser Settings • Arc Flash • Coordinating Devices • Fuse Saving versus Fuse Blowing • Other Protection Schemes • Reclosing Practices • Single-Phase Protective Devices • References

William H. Kersting was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He received his BSEE from New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico, and his MSEE from Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois. He joined the faculty at New Mexico State University in 1962 and served as professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electric Utility Management Program until his retirement in 2002. He is currently a consultant for Milsoft Utility Solutions. He is also a partner in WH Power Consultants, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Professor Kersting is a life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He received the Edison Electric Institutes’ Power Engineering Educator Award in 1979 and the NMSU Westhafter Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1977. Prior to joining NMSU, he was employed as a distribution engineer at El Paso Electric Company. Professor Kersting has been an active member of the IEEE Power Engineering Education Committee and the Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee.