Chapter 5: Going Places with Safari
In This Chapter
Introducing the Safari window and controls
Visiting websites with Safari
Moving between sites
Creating and using bookmarks
Receiving files with Safari
Surfing with your tabs showing
Saving web pages to disk
Protecting your privacy on the web
Blocking those irritating pop-ups
When I was designing the Table of Contents for this book, I seriously considered leaving out this chapter. After all, more people already use a web browser now than any other software application. Who really needs a guide to mowing a lawn?
But then again, I suddenly thought of all the hidden features that folks don’t know about Apple’s Safari browser, such as all those handy tips and tricks to help you organize your online visits. It’s a little like finding out more about the lawn mower itself, like learning how to remove the spark plug in the winter or how to sharpen the blade so that you can handle taller grass. To paraphrase a favorite author of mine, Arthur C. Clarke, magic is nothing more than technology that someone understands.
In this chapter, I show you how to use the myriad controls and toolbar buttons in Safari — you know, other than Forward and Back — and also how to keep track of where you’ve been and where you’d like to go. (Oh, and did I mention that you’ll need a network connection?)
One note: I’ve got more ground to cover before dinner, so I don’t include every Safari feature. However, the coverage here will explain all that you’re likely to need for most surfing sessions.
Pretend You’ve Never Used This Thing
Figure 5-1 illustrates the Safari window. You can launch Safari directly from the Dock, or you can click the Safari icon within Launchpad.
Figure 5-1: Safari at a glance.
Major sections of the Safari window include
The toolbar: Here are the most often-used commands for tasks such as navigation, adding bookmarks, and searching Google (or Yahoo!, or Bing). Plus, here you can type or paste the address for websites that you’d like to visit. You can easily hide the toolbar to provide more real estate in your browser window for web content. To toggle hidden mode, press +| (the vertical bar right above the backslash) or choose View⇒Hide/Show Toolbar.
The Bookmarks bar: Consider this a toolbar that allows you to jump directly to your favorite websites with but a single click or two. I show you later, in the section “Adding and Using Bookmarks,” how to add and remove sites from your Bookmarks bar. For now, remember that you can toggle the display of the Bookmarks bar by choosing View⇒Hide/Show Bookmarks Bar or by pressing +Shift+B.
The Content pane: Congratulations! At last, you’ve waded through all the pregame show and reached the area where web pages are actually displayed. The Content pane can be scrolled, and when you minimize the Safari window to the Dock, you get a thumbnail (minimized) image of the Content pane.
The Content pane often contains underlined text and graphics that transport you to other pages when you click them. These underlined words and icons are links, and they zip you right from one area of a site to another or to a completely different site. You can tell when your cursor is resting on a link because the cursor changes to that reassuring pointing-finger hand. Handy!
The status bar: The status bar displays information about what the cursor is resting upon, such as the address for a link or the name of an image; it also updates you on what’s happening while a page is loading. To hide or display the status bar, press +/ (forward slash) or choose View⇒Hide/Show Status Bar.
Visiting Websites
Here’s the stuff that virtually everyone over the age of five knows how to do . . . but I get paid by the word, and some folks might just not be aware of all the many ways to visit a site. You can load a web page from any of the following methods:
Type (or paste) a website address into the Address box on the toolbar and then press Return.
If you’re typing in an address and Safari recognizes the site as one that you’ve visited in the past, it “helps” by auto-completing the address for you. Press Return if you want to accept the suggested site. If this is a new site, just keep typing.
The Safari Address box also acts as a smart address field, displaying a new pop-up menu of sites that match the text you entered. Safari does this by using sites taken from your History file and your bookmarks, as well as sites returned from Google, Yahoo!, or Bing. If the site you want to visit appears in the list, click it to jump there immediately.
Click a Bookmarks entry within Safari.
If the Home button appears on your toolbar, click the button to go to the home page that you specify.
Read more on this in the upcoming section, “Setting Up Your Home Page.”
Click the Show Top Sites button on the toolbar.
Safari displays a wall of preview thumbnail pages from your most frequently visited sites, and you can jump to a site just by clicking the preview. You can “anchor” a thumbnail to keep it onscreen permanently by clicking the pin icon next to the desired thumbnail. Click the Edit button on the Top Sites screen to delete a preview thumbnail (click the X). You can also choose the size of the preview thumbnails in Edit mode.
Because each thumbnail is updated with the most current content, the Top Sites wall makes a great time-saver. Quickly make a visual check of all your favorite haunts from one screen!
Click an item you saved earlier in the Reading List.
Click a page link in Apple Mail or another Internet-savvy application.
Some Mac applications require you to hold down while clicking to open a web page.
Click a page link within another web page.
Select a web address in a document, click the Services menu, and choose Open Page in Safari.
Type a search term into the Address box.
By default, Safari uses Google as a search engine, but you can also use Yahoo! or Bing if you prefer. To set the default search engine, choose Safari⇒Preferences; then, on the General tab, open the Default Search Engine drop-down menu. (You can immediately switch to another engine from the bottom of the menu that appears as you’re typing into the Address box.)
Click in the Address box, type the contents that you want to find, and then press Return. Safari presents you with the search results page on Google for the text that you entered. (In case you’ve been living under the Internet equivalent of a rock for the last several years, Google (www.google.com
) is the preeminent search site on the web. People use Google to find everything from used auto parts to ex-spouses.)
Click a Safari page icon on the Dock or in a Finder window.
Drag a site from your Bookmarks bar (or drag the icon from the left side of the Address box) and drop it on the right side of the Dock. Clicking the icon that you add launches Safari and automatically loads that site.
This trick works only on the side of the Dock to the right of the vertical line. More on that all-important divider in a bit.
If you minimize Safari to the Dock, you’ll see a thumbnail of the page with the Safari logo superimposed on it. Click this thumbnail on the Dock to restore the page to its full glory.
Navigating the Web
A typical web surfing session is a linear experience. You bop from one page to the next, absorbing the information that you want and discarding the rest. However, after you visit a few sites, you might find that you need to return to where you’ve been or head to the familiar ground of your home page. Safari offers these navigational controls on the toolbar:
Back: Click the Back button (the left-facing arrow) on the toolbar to return to the last page you visited. Additional clicks take you to previous pages, in reverse order. The Back button is disabled if you haven’t visited at least two sites.
Forward: If you’ve clicked the Back button at least once, clicking the Forward button (the right-facing arrow) takes you to the next page (or through the pages) where you originally were, in forward order. The Forward button is disabled if you haven’t used the Back button and haven’t navigated to another page.
Safari supports a number of trackpad gestures. For example, you can swipe in either direction with two fingers to move backward and forward, just as you would move with the Forward and Back buttons. To zoom in and out on the Content pane, you can either double-tap the trackpad or pinch with two fingers — yes, just like an iPhone. (Ever get the notion that someday we’ll just have a single box called “The Device” that does it all?)
Home: Click this button (look for the little house) to return to your home page.
Not all these buttons and controls must appear on your toolbar. In fact, you may never see many of these toolbar controls unless you add them yourself. To display or hide toolbar controls, choose View⇒Customize Toolbar. The sheet that appears works just like the Customize Toolbar sheet within a Finder window: Drag the control you want from the sheet to your Safari toolbar or drag a control that you don’t want from the toolbar to the sheet.
New Tab: Click this button (it looks like a little tab with a plus sign) to open a new tab in the Content pane. I’ll get knee-deep into tabbed browsing later in the chapter.
AutoFill: If you fill out a lot of forms online — when you’re shopping at websites, for example — you can click the AutoFill button (which looks like a little text box and a pen) to complete these forms for you. You can set what information is used for AutoFill by choosing Safari⇒Preferences and clicking the AutoFill toolbar button.
To be honest, I’m not a big fan of releasing any of my personal information to any website, so I don’t use AutoFill often. If you do decide to use this feature, make sure that the connection is secure (look for the padlock icon in the Address box) and read the site’s Privacy Agreement page first to see how your identity data will be treated.
Top Sites: Click this button to display the Top Sites screen I discuss earlier. If you’re having trouble finding it, the button bears a tiny, fashionable grid of squares.
Reading List: Click the snazzy eyeglasses icon to display or hide the Reading List pane, where you can save entire pages for later perusal. From the keyboard, press +Shift+L. When the Reading List pane is visible, click the Add Page button to add the current page to the list; you can quickly add a link to the list by holding down the Shift key and clicking the link. Click the Reading List button again to banish the Reading List pane.
Ah, but when you click one of those entries in the Reading List and then click the blue Reader button that appears at the right side of the Address box, the real magic begins! The Reader panel appears to display text articles free of advertisements and silly pop-ups. And if an article is continued over multiple web pages, the Reader panel automatically “stitches” them together to form a continuous block of text. (Think of an e-book shown on your iPad or iPhone, and you get the idea.) You can also print or e-mail the article from within the Reader panel.
If the Reader button is blue in Safari’s Address box — and you’re not using the Reading List — don’t panic! Because the page you’re reading contains text articles, Safari is offering to display it in the Reader panel. (If a page has nothing to display in the Reader panel, the button remains gray.) To display the page in the Reader panel, click the blue Reader button in the Address box. To return to your mundane browsing experience, click the Reader icon again.
Zoom: Shrinks or expands the size of text on the page, offering smaller, space-saving characters (for the shrinking crowd) or larger, easier-to-read text (for the expanding crowd). Hence the button, which is labeled with a small and large letter A. (From the keyboard, you can press ++(plus sign) to expand and +– (minus sign) to shrink.
Bookmarks bar: Click this button (which carries the Bookmarks symbol sandwiched between two horizontal lines) to display or hide the Bookmarks bar.
Stop/Reload: Click Reload (which has a circular arrow in the Address box) to refresh (reload) the contents of the current page. Although most pages remain static, some pages change their content at regular intervals or after you fill out a form or click a button. By clicking Reload (look for the curvy arrow in the Address box), you can see what’s changed on these pages. (I use Reload every hour or so with CNN.com, for example.) While a page is loading, the Reload button turns into the Stop button — with a little X mark — and you can click it to stop the loading of the content from the current page. This is a real boon when a download takes foorrevverr, which can happen when you’re trying to visit a very popular or very slow website (especially if you’re using a dialup modem connection to the Internet). Using Stop is also handy if a page has a number of very large graphics that are likely to take a long time to load.
Bookmarks: Click this toolbar button (which carries an open book icon) to hide or display the Bookmark pane. You’ll find the complete description of the Bookmark pane in an upcoming section.
History: Click this button (which bears a clock symbol) to display or hide the History list, which I discuss later in this chapter.
Downloads: Click this toolbar button to display the files you’ve downloaded recently. Click the Clear button to clear the contents of the Download list. Note that clearing the list does not delete the files you’ve downloaded; it simply cleans things up. You can also double-click a completed download in the list to open it immediately. (More on downloading in a couple pages.)
When you’re downloading a file, a tiny progress bar appears in the Downloads button on the toolbar to show you how much you’ve received. Now that, good reader, is progress! (Let’s see whether my editor allows such a horrible pun to remain.)
Open in Dashboard: Click this button to create a Dashboard widget using the contents of the currently displayed web page. Safari prompts you to choose which clickable section of the page to be included within the widget’s borders (such as the local radar map on your favorite weather website). Click Add, and Dashboard loads automatically with your new widget. (More on widgets in Book II, Chapter 2.)
Mail: Click this button (bearing an envelope icon) to send an e-mail message with a link to the current page, just as if you choose File⇒Mail Link to This Page. Safari automatically opens Apple Mail and creates a new message with the link already in the body. Shazam!
Add Bookmark: Click this toolbar button (which carries a plus sign) to add a page to your Bookmarks bar or Bookmarks menu. (More on this in a tad.)
Print: Click this convenient button to print the contents of the Safari window. (Dig that crazy printer icon!)
Share: If you have an iPhone or iPad, you’re probably already familiar with this button, which carries a rectangle and curved arrow symbol. Click the Share button to send the current page (or a link to it) to a number of different destinations, including your Reading List, an e-mail message, your Messages application, Facebook, or Twitter. You can also add a bookmark to the current page using the Share button. Figure 5-2 illustrates the Share button in action.
Figure 5-2: The Share button makes it easy to spread goodness and light!
Setting Up Your Home Page
Choosing a home page is one of the easiest methods of speeding up your web surfing, especially if you’re using a dialup modem connection. However, a large percentage of the Mac owners whom I’ve talked with have never set their own home page; instead, they simply use the default home page provided by their browser. Declare your independence! With Safari running, take a moment to follow these steps to declare your own freedom to choose your own home page:
1. In Safari, display the web page that you want to become your new home page.
I recommend selecting a page with few graphics, or a fast-loading popular site.
2. Choose Safari⇒Preferences or press +, (comma).
3. Click the General button.
You see the settings shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure 5-3: Adding your own home page is an easy change you can make.
4. Click the Set to Current Page button.
5. Click the Close button to exit the Preferences dialog.
Alternatively, open the New Windows Open With pop-up menu and choose Empty Page if you want Safari to open a new window with a blank page. This is the fastest choice of all for a home page.
Adding and Using Bookmarks
No doubt about it: Bookmarks make the web a friendly place. As you collect bookmarks in Safari, you’re able to immediately jump from one site to another with a single click of the Bookmarks menu or the buttons on the Bookmarks bar.
To add a bookmark, first navigate to the desired page and then do any of the following:
Choose Bookmarks⇒Add Bookmark.
Press the +D keyboard shortcut.
Safari displays a sheet where you can enter the name for the bookmark and also select where it appears (on the Bookmarks bar, Top Sites display, or the Bookmarks menu).
Drag the icon next to the web address from the Address field to the Bookmarks bar.
This trick also works with other applications besides Safari, including within a Mail message or Messages conversation. Drag the icon from the Safari Address field to the other application window, and the web page link is added to your document.
To jump to a bookmark
Choose it from the Bookmarks menu.
If the bookmark is contained in a folder, which I discuss later in this section, move your mouse pointer over the folder name to show its contents and then click the bookmark.
Click the bookmark on the Bookmarks bar.
If you’ve added a large number of items to the Bookmarks bar, click the More icon on the edge of the Bookmarks bar to display the rest of the buttons.
Click the Show All Bookmarks button (which looks like a small, opened book) on the Bookmarks bar and then click the desired bookmark.
The Bookmark pane that you see in Figure 5-4 appears — complete with swank Flow display — where you can review each collection of bookmarks at your leisure. As you might expect, Safari’s Flow works just as the Cover Flow view does in a Finder window.
The more bookmarks you add, the more unwieldy the Bookmarks menu and the Bookmark pane become. To keep things organized, choose Bookmarks⇒Add Bookmark Folder and then type a name for the new folder. With folders, you can organize your bookmarks into collections, which appear in the column at the left of the Bookmark pane and as menus on the Bookmarks bar. (Collections also appear as separate submenus within the Bookmarks menu on the Safari menu bar.) You can drag bookmarks into the new folder to help reduce the clutter.
Figure 5-4: The Bookmark pane puts all your bookmarks within easy reach.
To delete a bookmark or a folder from the Bookmark pane, click it and then press Delete.
Downloading Files
A huge chunk of the fun that you’ll find on the web is the ability to download images and files. If you’ve visited a site that offers files for downloading, typically you just click the Download button or the download file link, and Safari takes care of the rest. While the file is downloading, feel free to continue browsing or even download additional files; the Downloads status list helps you keep track of what’s going on and when everything will be finished transferring. To display the Download status list from the keyboard, press +Option+L. You can also click the Download button at the upper-right corner of the window to display the Download list.
By default, Safari saves any downloaded files to the Downloads folder that appears on your Dock, which I like and use. To specify the location where downloaded files are stored — for example, if you’d like to scan them automatically with an antivirus program — follow these steps:
1. Choose Safari⇒Preferences or press +, (comma).
2. Click the General tab (refer to Figure 5-3) and then open the Save Downloaded Files To pop-up menu.
3. Choose Other.
4. Navigate to the location where you want the files stored.
5. Click the Select button.
6. Click the Close button to exit Preferences.
To download a specific image that appears on a web page, move your mouse pointer over the image, right-click, and then choose Save Image As from the menu that appears. Safari prompts you for the location where you want to store the file.
You can choose to automatically open files that Safari considers safe — things like movies, text files, and PDF files that are very unlikely to store a virus or a damaging macro. By default, the Open “Safe” Files after Downloading check box is selected on the General pane. However, if you’re interested in preventing anything you download from running until you’ve manually checked it with your antivirus application, you can deselect the check box and breathe easy.
Using Subscriptions and History
To keep track of where you’ve been, you can display the History list by clicking the History menu. To return to a page in the list, just choose it from the History menu. Note that Safari also arranges older history items by the date you visited the site so you can easily jump back a couple of days to that page you forgot to bookmark!
In fact, Safari also searches the History list automatically, when it fills in an address that you’re typing — that’s the feature I mention in the earlier section, “Visiting Websites.”
To view your Top Sites thumbnail screen, press +Shift+1 or choose Show Top Sites from the History menu. You can also click the Top Sites button on the toolbar.
If you’re worried about security and would rather not keep track of where you’ve been online, I show you how to clear the contents of the History file in the upcoming section, “Handling ancient history.”
Tabs Are Your Browsing Friends
Safari also offers tabbed browsing, which many folks use to display (and organize) multiple web pages at one time. For example, if you’re doing a bit of comparison shopping for a new piece of hardware among different online stores, tabs are ideal.
When you hold down the key and click a link or bookmark using tabs, a tab representing the new page appears at the top of the Safari window. Just click the tab to switch to that page. By holding down Shift+, the tab is both created and opened. (If you don’t hold down , things revert to business as usual, and Safari replaces the contents of the window with the new page.)
You can also open a new tab by clicking the plus sign that appears at the upper-right corner of the Safari window, or by pressing +T.
Pinch to display them all in a new Tab view (as shown in Figure 5-5).
Swipe to switch between tabs.
To display your tabs in Tab view without a trackpad, click the Show All Tabs button that appears at the right side of the Safari window (next to the Open a New Tab button). From Tab view, you can click the white dots that appear below the thumbnails to view your tabs, and click any tab thumbnail to switch immediately to that tab. To close a tab in Tab view, click the Close button at the top of the thumbnail.
To fine-tune your tabbed browsing experience, choose Safari⇒Preferences to display the Preferences dialog; then click Tabs. From here, you can specify whether a new tab or window automatically becomes the active window within Safari.
Figure 5-5: Hang on, Martha; we’ve struck tabs!
Saving Web Pages
If you’ve encountered a page that you’d like to load later, you can save it to disk in its entirety. (Just the text, mind you, not the images.) Follow these steps:
1. Display the desired page.
2. Choose File⇒Save As or press +S.
3. In the Save As text field, type a name for the saved page.
4. From the Where pop-up menu, navigate to the location where you want to store the file on your system.
To expand the sheet to allow navigation to any location on your system, click the button with the downward arrow.
5. Open the Format pop-up menu and choose the format for the saved page.
Usually, you’ll want to choose a Web Archive, which saves the entire page and can be displayed just as you see it. However, if you want to save just the HTML source code, choose Page Source.
6. Click Save to begin the download process.
After the Save file has been created, double-click it to load it in Safari.
Protecting Your Privacy
No chapter on Safari would be complete without a discussion of security, against both outside intrusion from the Internet and prying eyes around your Mac. Hence this last section, which covers protecting your privacy.
Yes, there are such things as bad cookies
First, a definition of this ridiculous term: A cookie, a small file that a website automatically saves on your hard drive, contains information that the site will use on your future visits. For example, a site might save a cookie to preserve your site preferences for the next time or — like shopping at Amazon.com — to identify you automatically and help customize the offerings that you see.
In and of themselves, cookies aren’t bad things. Unlike a virus, a cookie file isn’t going to replicate itself or wreak havoc on your system, and only the original site can read the cookie that it creates. However, many folks don’t appreciate acting as a gracious host for a slew of little snippets of personal information. (Not to mention that some cookies have highly suggestive names, which can lead to all sorts of conclusions. End of story.)
You can choose to accept some or all cookies, or you can opt to disable cookies altogether. You can also set Safari to accept cookies only from the sites you choose to visit. To change your Cookie Acceptance Plan (or CAP, for those who absolutely crave acronyms), follow these steps:
1. Choose Safari⇒Preferences.
2. Click the Privacy toolbar button.
Safari displays the preference settings shown in Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-6: Specifying who’s welcome in my cookie jar.
3. Choose how to block cookies via these radio button choices:
• From Third Parties and Advertisers: Personally, I use this option, which allows sites like Amazon.com to work correctly without allowing a barrage of superfluous cookies.
• Always: Block cookies entirely.
• Never: Accept all cookies.
4. To view the cookies currently on your system, click the Details button.
If a site’s cookies are blocked, you might have to take care of things manually, such as by providing a password on the site that used to be read automatically from the cookie.
5. Click the Close button to save your changes.
Cleaning your cache
Safari speeds up the loading of websites by storing often-used images and multimedia files in a temporary storage, or cache, folder. Naturally, the files in your cache folder can be displayed (hint), which can lead to assumptions (hint, hint) about the sites you’ve been visiting (hint, hint, hint). (Tactful, ain’t I?)
Luckily, Safari makes it easy to dump the contents of your cache file. Just choose Safari⇒Empty Cache; then click Empty to confirm that you want to clean up your cache.
Handling ancient history
As you might imagine, your History file leaves a very clear set of footprints indicating where you’ve been on the web. To delete the contents of the History menu, choose History⇒Clear History (at the very bottom of the History menu).
Safari also allows you to specify an amount of time to retain entries in your History file. Open the Safari Preferences dialog, click the General tab (refer to Figure 5-3), and then open the Remove History Items pop-up menu to specify the desired amount of time. Items can be rolled off daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, or yearly.
Avoiding those @*!^%$ pop-up ads
I hate pop-up ads, and I’m sure you do, too. To block most of those pop-up windows with advertisements for everything from low-rate mortgages to “sure-thing” Internet casinos, click the Safari menu and verify that Block Pop-Up Windows is selected. If it’s not selected, click the menu item to toggle on the menu item.