Latus rectum, of a parabola, 664–665
LAUs (linear attenuation units), 534
Law of Universal Gravitation, 403, 408–409
LCD (least common denominator), 54–56
Leading coefficients, 31
of a polynomial function, 332
Leading entries, in matrices, 594
Leading term, 31
of a polynomial function, 332
Leading-term test, 337
Least common denominator (LCD), 54–56
Least-squares line, 207–209
Leibniz, Gottfried, 636
Leonardo da Vinci, 105
Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci), 720
Leontief, Wassily, 589
Leontief input-output model, 589, 599–600, 628–629
Libby, Willard Frank, 470
Liber abaci (Fibonacci), 720
Light, intensity and speed, 407
Like radicals, 65–66
Like terms, 31
Limited sustainable maximum population (M), 475
Line(s), 198–214
horizontal and vertical, equations of, 203
parallel and perpendicular, 205–206
regression, 207–209
slope of, 198–200
Linear attenuation units (LAUs), 534
Linear cost function, 227
Linear equations, 198
general form of, 203–205
of horizontal and vertical lines, 203
in one variable. See Linear equations in one variable
of parallel and perpendicular lines, 206
point-slope form of, 200–201
slope-intercept form of, 202
systems of. See Systems of linear equations; Systems of linear equations in three variables; Systems of linear equations in two variables
Linear equations in one variable, 81–91
applications of. See Modeling
conditional, 82, 86
defined, 81
equivalent, 83
formulas as, 83–86
identities as, 82, 85, 86
inconsistent, 82, 85, 86
solving, 83–86
in standard form, 83
Linear expressions, interval of values for, 150
Linear functions, 249–251
Linear growth and decay, 431, 436–437
Linear inequalities, 146–148
in one variable, 146–148
in two variables, graph of, 558–561
Linear price-demand function, 227
Linear programming, 570–578
applications involving, 574–575
Linear programming problems, 571
Linear regression, 207–209
Linear systems of equations. See Systems of linear equations in three variables; Systems of linear equations in two variables
Line of symmetry, 188
Line segments, finding midpoint of, 180–181
Lithotripsy, 676, 684–685
Logarithm(s)
applications using, 454–456
basic properties of, 446–447, 454
change of base and, 467–468
common, 452–453, 466–467
growth and decay and, 469
half-life and, 469–470
logistic growth model and, 475, 482
natural, 453–454
number of digits and, 466–467
one-to-one property of, 481
radiocarbon dating and, 470–471
rules of, 462–474
rules of exponents compared with, 463
solving exponential equations using, 477
Logarithmic equations, 479–482
Logarithmic functions, 444–461
domains of, 447–448
evaluating, 446
graphing, 448–452
modeling with, 468
properties of, 454
Logarithmic growth model, 499
Logarithmic inequalities, 482–483
Logarithmic scales, 488–497
decibel, 493–495
of musical pitch, 495–496
pH, 488–490
Richter, 490–493
of star brightness, 497
Logistic growth model, 475, 482
Long division, for improper expressions, 353–354
Longley, Bill, 198
LORAN, 690, 701–702
Lottery, winning, 778, 781
Loudness of sound, 493–495
Lower bound, on zeros of a polynomial function, 368–369
Lower limit of a summation, 722
Lowest terms, reducing rational expressions to, 51–52