Index
Ableton Live physical modeling (PM) software 288–91
additive synthesis 120–74; analog problems with 124–30; borrowed synthesis and 138–9; data sliders and 142–3; Decay module and 154; digital signal processing effects 143; Discrete module and 152–3; early electronic 171–4; effect modules for 154–5; envelope generators and 136–8; filters and 139; formant filters and 139–40; FX parameters 158; Gain module and 148, 149; global parameters of 157–8; vs. granular synthesis 201; Hammond tone wheel organ 170–1; historical perspective on 169–70; LFOs and 138; loom and 147–8; Loom filtering modules and 153; Master parameters 158; morph screen 159–60; noise sources and 140–1; Octaver module and 151, 152; Odd/Even module and 148, 149; Organ I and II modules 151, 152; performance level and 141; Phrase module 155; pitch/modulation wheels for 141; Random Drops module 155; recipes 147, 160–9; resurgence of 143–6; sample playback 140; sawtooth waves and 134–5; Second Tone module and 150–1; sequencers/arpeggiators and 143; sound types possible with 131–2; Spectral Distortion/Modulation 159; square waves and 135–6; Sync module and 150; theory 120–3; time modules 156; tone generation and 132–3; tool modules 156; triangle waves and 133–4; waveform generators and 140; Wave module 157
ADSR envelope 22
advanced instrument example 80–1
Alchemy, Camel Audio 218–19; grain volume, size, and density 225; interface 223–4; Master section 228; modulation matrix 226–8; RTime/RPan controls 226; sound sources 224–5; window 225–6
algorithm 1/operators 1&2 example 99–101
aliasing 132
alternating current (AC) 170
amplifier modulation, LFO 31
Amplitude Modulation 104–8; evolution of 107–8
analog additive synthesis, problems with 124–30
Analog Circuit Behavior Synthesis 295
Analog Purist live setup 345–6
analog synthesizers, performing live with 315–23; circuitry and 318, 319–20; controlling 320–3; extreme sonic manipulation and 316; logical interfacing with musicians and 316–17; patch storage and 318–19; size and weight as con of 319; sonic improvisation and 317–18
arpeggiated sawtooth recipe 195, 197
arpeggiators 36; additive synthesis and 143
Art instillation live setup 352–3
asynchronous granular synthesis 205
attack portion of envelope generators 23
balanced modulation 109
band reject filter 17
basic instrument example 79–80
beat synced 302
Beauchamp, James 171
Belar, Herbert 54
Best of Both Worlds live setup 342–3
Bode, Harald 112
Bode Ring Modulator 112
Cahill, Thaddeus 52
Chamberlin, Harry 88
cinematic tension pad recipe 229–30
Collision 290
combination synthesis 273–314; defined 273, 296; formant synthesis 283; historical perspective on 311–14; Karplus-Strong synthesis 282–3; McIntyre, Schumacher, and Woodhouse synthesis 281–2; modal synthesis 281; overview of 273; physical modeling synthesis 273–9, 284–96; recipes 303–11; waveguide synthesis, digital 279–80; workstation synthesizers and 296–303
continuous knobs 335
controllerism subculture 353
controllers 30, 33–4, 36–7, 39–40
control voltage (C.V.) 9, 18–19, 34
crossfades 75
CrusherX-Live! 219
dampened metallic hammer shimmer recipe 237–8
DAW control: modulation in 114–15; Vector Synthesis and 250–1
Decay module 154
decay portion of envelope generators 23
digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) 11
digital signal processing (DSP) effects 143
digital synthesizers 58–9; performing live with 325–9
digital waveguide synthesis 279–80, 312
distorted dissonant pop recipe 304
Distorted Movement recipe 163–4
double modulation, wavetable synthesis and 182–3
drawbars 171
Duddell, William 52
DX-7 patch, creating 94–6, 101–4; features of 103–4; layers 102–3; length 103; programming 104; sound segments 101–2
East Coast synthesis 57
effect modules, for additive synthesis 154–5
electric guitar lead recipe 164
emphasis 18
envelope amount 19
envelope follower 317
envelope generators 22–7; additive synthesis and 136–8; attack and 23; decay and 23; described 22; filter control with 25–7; release and 24–5; shape of 22; sound control and 22; sustain and 24; types of 22–3; understanding 27; wavetable synthesis and 182
ES2 model 261–2; Vector Synthesis 247–8
Eurorack Guru live setup 348–50
Evolver 265; Vector Synthesis (VS) and 265–6
exciter controls 276
extreme sonic manipulation 316
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 121
filter envelope 25–7; attack 25; decay 25–6; over pitch 26–7; release 26; sustain 26
filtering 14–21; band pass 16–17; band reject 17; cutoff frequency and 17, 18; envelope amount and 19; high pass 16; key follow and 19–21; low pass 15; notch 17; overview of 14–15; resonance and 18, 19; selection 21; shapes 14; using 17–21; voltage control and 18–19
filter modulation, LFO 31
filters, additive synthesis and 139
filter selection 21
fixed bandwidth 16
FM Synthesis 95–6, 104, 111, 115–17
formant filter 139–40; formant synthesis and 283; granular synthesis and 210–11
formant synthesis 283
Fourier synthesis 121
four-pole filter 15
full spectrum synth recipe 308
FX parameters 158
gate signal 21
glissando 37
glisson synthesis, granular synthesis and 212
glistening auto-harp recipes 234–5
globals, additive synthesis 157–8
grain, granular synthesis and 200, 201–3
grain density, granular synthesis and 206–7
grain duration 203–5; amplitude and 204; attack and 204; decay and 205; sustain and 204–5
grain length modulated plucking recipes 235–6
grainlet synthesis 212
grain order, granular synthesis and 207
grain playback speed, granular synthesis and 209
grain stream, granular synthesis and 207–9
grain window 225
granular populations 203, 207–8
granular synthesis 200–43; vs. additive synthesis 201; Alchemy and 218–19; CrusherX-Live! 219; defined 211; environment, complexity of 211–13; formant filter and 210–11; formant synthesis and 210; forms of 205; future of 242–3; glisson synthesis and 212; grain and 201–3; grain density and 206–7; grain duration and 203–5; grain order and 207; grain playback speed and 209; grain stream and 207–9; historical perspective of 239–42; Image-Line Granulizer 221–2; Kyma X 220; Max/MSP 222; overview of 200–1; pitch and 206; pitch shifting and 217; problems 209; Propellerhead Malstrom Graintable Synthesizer 220–1; pulsar synthesis and 212–13; recipes 223–39; vs. sample-based synthesis 213–15; synthesizers available with 217–22; time stretching and 215–16; wavelet synthesis and 212; Xenakis as godfather of 240–2
Hammond, Laurens 53
Hammond tone wheel organ 170–1
Hanert, John M. 53
hardware synthesizers 11
harmonic series 3
headphones 65
high pass filter (HPF) 16
Karplus, Kevin 312
Karplus-Strong algorithm 312
Karplus-Strong (KS) synthesis 282–3
Kent, E. L. 171
keyboards 34
Keymap Pro 83
key-switching 81
Kiev 266–71; see also Korg Gadget iOS app
Kontakt 76
Korg Gadget iOS app 266–71; Kiev Filter/Amp 268; Kiev interface 267; Kiev MIDI mapping 268–71; Kiev modulation 267
Korg Kronos workstation synthesizers 297
KS (Karplus-Strong) synthesis 282–3
Kyma X 220
laptop computers, software synthesizers and 330–1
LFO (low frequency oscillator) 27–33; additive synthesis and 138; amplifier modulation 31; filter modulation 31; vs. oscillators 28; overview of 27–8; pitch modulation 30; pulse/square wave 30; pulse width modulation 31; ramp wave 29–30; sample and hold 31–3; sawtooth wave 29; sine wave 28–9; triangle wave 29; TRIGGER setting of 234, 236
logical interfacing with musicians 316–17
Loom 145–6; filtering modules, additive synthesis and 153; software, additive synthesis and 147–8
loop 73–5; crossfade and 75; direction 74–5; optimal, section 73–4; release adjustments and 75
low frequency oscillator see LFO (low frequency oscillator)
low pass filter 15
Low String Repeat recipe 165
Malstrom Graintable Synthesizer 220
Martenot, Maurice 53
Master parameters 158
Max/MSP 222
McIntyre, Schumacher, and Woodhouse (MSW)synthesis 281–2
Mellotron 88
Metallic Sequencer recipe 166–7
MIDI see Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
MiniBrute 8
MiniMoog 2, 5, 6–7, 27, 34, 57–8, 124, 319, 355
modal synthesis 281
modular synthesizers, performing live with 323–5
modulation 27–33; see also LFO (low frequency oscillator)
modulation synthesis 94–119; algorithm 1/operators 1&2 example 99–101; Amplitude Modulation 104–8; in DAWs 114–15; DX-7 patch and 101–4; history of 115–17; phase distortion 112–14; recipes 117–19; Ring Modulation 108–12; types of 94–9
modulation wheel 39
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) 328; controller connections 336–8; to C.V. converters 338–9; over Bluetooth 337–8
Native Instruments 76
Natural Low Strings recipe 166
Nave 177
noise, subtractive synthesis and 13–14
noise generators 141
noise sources, additive synthesis and 140–1
nontuned percussion instruments, physical modeling (PM) synthesis and 279
notch filter 17
note-off trigger 75
Oasys workstation synthesizers 297
old shimmering pad recipe 305–6
Olson, Harry 54
Ondes Martenot 53
Ondioline 54
Open Sound Control (OSC) 332–3
Operators 96
Organ I and II modules 151, 152
OSC (Open Sound Control) 332–3
oscillators 2, 9–13; digitally controlled 11; vs. LFOs 28; software-based 11–12; sub 13; tune/detune features of 12; types of 9; using 12–13; voltage controlled 9–11
overtones 3
Palm, Wolfgang 175
peak 18
percussive staccato pad recipe 46–8
performance controls 37–40; glide 37–8; modulation wheel 39; pitch wheel 38–9; ribbon controllers 39–40
performance level, additive synthesis and 141
performing live 315–56; Analog Purist live setup 345–6; with analog synthesizers 315–23; Art instillation live setup 352–3; Best of Both Worlds live setup 342–3; with digital synthesizers 325–9; EDM Star live setup 350–1; Eurorack Guru live setup 348–50; historical perspective on 353–6; Jack of all Trades live setup 343–4; Millennial live setup 344–5; with modular synthesizers 323–5; Processor Programmer live setup 347; retro DJ live setup 351–2; with software synthesizers 329–41; Wireless Wizard live setup 347–8
phase distortion modulation 112–14
Phrase module 155
physical modeling (PM) synthesis 273–9; analog modeling and 292–6; creating 284–5; described 273–5; features of 275–6; hardware 285; nontuned percussion instruments and 279; software 288–92; stringed instruments and 276–7; Technics SX-WSA1 and 287–8; tuned percussion instruments and 277–9; VL line, Yamaha and 286–7
pitch, granular synthesis and 206
pitch modulation, LFO 30
pitch shifting, granular synthesis and 217
pixels 200
pleasantly dissonant pad recipe 230–1
plucked ambient thump recipe 231–2
polyphony 54
portamento 37
PPG Wave 175
Processor Programmer live setup 347
Propellerhead Malstrom Graintable Synthesizer 220–1
Prophet V, Vector Synthesis (VS) and 252–6
Prophet VS: patches in Wavestation and 260; Vector Synthesis 244–7
pro-sonic improvisation 317–18
pulsars 213
pulsar synthesis, granular synthesis and 212–13
pulse width modulation (PWM), LFO 31
quasi-synchronous granular synthesis 205
R. A. Moog Modular System 55–6
Random Drops module 155
range 12
RCA Electronic Sound Synthesizer 54
realistic muted bass recipe 304–5
recipes, additive synthesis 147, 160–9; ambient bass 160–1; cool repeater 161–2; Distorted Bells 162–3; Distorted Movement 163–4; electric guitar lead 164; Low String Repeat 165; Metallic Sequencer 166–7; Moving Bell 167–8; Natural Low Strings 166; Synth Bass 168–9
recipes, combination synthesis modeling 303–11; deep synth bass 306–7; distant rhythms 310–11; distorted dissonant pop 304; full spectrum synth 308; high rate of wobble 308–9; old shimmering pad 305–6; realistic muted bass 304–5; stiff bouncing shimmer 303; synth keys 309–10; vibrating bells 307
recipes, granular synthesis 223–39; Alchemy, Camel Audio and 223–8; cinematic tension pad 229–30; dampened metallic hammer shimmer 237–8; glistening auto-harp 234–5; glistening bells 236–7; grain length modulated plucking 235–6; low burst pad 233–4; pleasantly dissonant pad 230–1; plucked ambient thump 231–2; rhythmic modulation 238–9; tyrell corporation pad 232–3
recipes, modulation synthesis 117–19; Bass 1 118; Brass 1 117–18; E. Piano 119
recipes, subtractive synthesis 40–52; chorded trumpet 50–1; effected, evolving pad 43–4; evolving lead 42–3; Funk Lead 44–5; percussive staccato pad 46–8; punchy bass 40–2; 60s Organ 48–9; slow, effected lead 49–50; thick bass 45–6; wall of sound 51–2
recipes, wavetable synthesis 194–9; arpeggiated sawtooth 195, 197; heavy metal 198–9; hulusi gourd 195, 196; simple waveform collection 197–8; voice patch 194–5
release 22; adjustments 75; parameter of envelope generators 24–5
repeater 156
reversed gate signal 340
rhythmic modulation recipe 238–9
Ring Modulation 108–12; in synthesizers 110–12
Roland TR 808 drum machine 5, 352
rolling off 15
Rudess, Jordan 91
sample-based synthesis vs. granular synthesis 213–15
sample playback, additive synthesis and 140
sampling/sample-based synthesis 60–93; advanced instrument example 80–1; analog drum example 83–5; audio interfaces and 67–8; auto-samplers 82–3; basic instrument example 79–80; basics of 61–2; described 62–3; direct connections and 69; editing 71–2; future of 92–3; vs. granular synthesis 213–15; historical perspective on 88–92; loops and 73–5; mapping 72–7; matching outputs and 69–70; microphone guidelines for 68; nontraditional sound sources 85–7; notes and layers, recording 70; overview of 60–1; recording considerations for 63–5; recording tools for 66–8; source capture and 63; synthification 81–2; tweaking 77; USB microphone and 66; waveform sampling example 77–9
sawtooth wave 6; additive synthesis and 134–5; hyper 8; LFO 29
Screenflow 87
Sculpture: Leap Motion and 263–5; morph pad 292; physical modeling software 291–2, 298–303; Vector Synthesis 248–50
sequencers 35–6; additive synthesis and 143
simple waveform collection recipe 197–8
slope 15
slow, effected lead recipe 49–50
smartphones, software synthesizers and 331–2
Smith, Dave 265
software, physical modeling (PM) synthesis 288–92; Ableton Live users and 288–91; Sculpture and 291–2, 298–303
software-based oscillators 11–12
software synthesizers, performing live with 329–41; controlling 334–6; hardware synthesizers and 333–4; laptop computers and 330–1; MIDI controller connections and 336–8; MIDI to C.V. converters and 338–9; MOTU Volta software and 340–1; OSC and 332–3; tablets/smartphones and 331–2; volt/octave converters and 340
Spectral Distortion/Modulation 159
spectral shaping see filtering
square waves 7; additive synthesis and 135–6; hyper 8; LFO 30
step sequencer 35
stereo instruments, defined 137–8
stiff bouncing shimmer recipe 303
stringed instruments: excitation 276–7; material 276; physical makeup of 277; physical modeling synthesis and 276–7
Strip Silence 71
Strong, Alexander 312
sub-oscillators 13
subtractive synthesis 1–59; amplifiers 21–2; amplitude shaping 21–5; arpeggiators and 36; Buchla Modular Electronic Music System 56–7; controlling 33–4; described 2; digital synthesizers and 58–9; early electronic instruments for 52–4; envelope generators 22–7; esoteric controllers 36–7; filtering and 14–21; harmonics and 2–4; historical perspective on 52–9; keyboards and 34; MiniMoog 57–8; modulation and 27–33; noise and 13–14; oscillators and 9–13; performance controls 37–40; R. A. Moog Modular System 55–6; recipes 40–52; sequencers and 35–6; waveforms and 4–9
sustain parameter of envelope generators 24
synchronous granular synthesis 205
Sync module 150
tablets, software synthesizers and 331–2
tail 156
Technics SX-WSA1 synthesizer 287–8
Tempophon 240
Theremin, Leon 52
Thomson, Elihu 52
timbre 4
time modules 156
time stretching, granular synthesis and 215–16
tone generation, additive synthesis and 132–3
tool modules 156
touch plates 37
triangle wave 5; additive synthesis and 133–4; LFO 29
tuned percussion instruments: exciter section 278; physical modeling synthesis and 277–9; resonator section 278–9
tweaking 77
two-pole filter 15
Vector Synthesis (VS) 244–72; DAW control and 250–1; ES2 model 247–8, 261–2; Evolver and 265–6; iPad control and 251–2; Korg Gadget and 266–71; Leap Motion, Sculpture and 263–5; overview of 244–7; programming 252; Prophet V and 252–6; Prophet VS model 244–7; Sculpture 248–50; Wavestation, Korg and 256–60
vibrating bells recipe 307
Virtual Acoustic Technology 286
virtual analog 292
VL line, Yamaha synthesizer 286–7
voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 9–11
volt/octave converters 340
VST (Virtual Studio Technology) synthesizers 11, 288, 293, 296
Waldorf nave 183–7; interface 184; mixer section of 186–7; oscillator section of 186–7; wave section of 184–6
wave folding 8
waveform generators 140
waveform sampling example 77–9
waveguide synthesis, digital 279–80
wavelet synthesis 212
Wave module 157
Wavestation, Korg: effects and multisets with 260; Prophet VS patches in 260; Vector Synthesis and 256–9; wave sequencing and 258–9
wavetable synthesis 175–99; creating wavetables 179–81; double modulation and 182–3; drive effect 188; envelope looping function 188; envelopes and 182; FX and Arp section of 191; keys and 190–1; LFOs 189; MIDI section of 193; modulation options for 190; movement of 177–8; overview of 175; principles of 176–7; recipes 194–9; tape and sys section of 191–3; Überwave and 187; Waldorf nave and 183–7; wave modulation 178–9; waves and 187
West Coast synthesis 57
Williams, C. N. 53
windowing 203
Wireless Wizard live setup 347–8
workstation synthesizers 296–303; described 296–7; elements of 297–8; Korg Kronos 297; Oasys 297; recipes 298; Sculpture and 298–303