contents

part 1 Organizational Behavior Today

1 Introducing Organizational Behavior

Introducing Organizational Behavior

Why Organizational Behavior Is Important

Scientific Foundations of Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior in a Changing World

Organizations as Work Settings

Organizational Behavior in Context

Organizational Environments and Stakeholders

Diversity and Multiculturalism

Management and Leadership

Managerial Activities and Roles

Managerial Skills

Leadership in Organizations

Ethical Management and Leadership

Learning about Organizational Behavior

Learning from Experience

Learning Styles

Learning Guide to Organizational Behavior 12/E

Chapter 1 Study Guide

part 2 Individual Behavior and Performance

2 Individual Differences, Values, and Diversity

Individual Differences

Self-Awareness and Awareness of Others

Components of Self

Nature versus Nurture

Personality

Big Five Personality Traits

Social Traits

Personal Conception Traits

Emotional Adjustment Traits

Personality and Stress

Sources of Stress

Outcomes of Stress

Managing Stress

Values

Sources of Values

Personal Values

Cultures Values

Diversity

Importance of Diversity

Types of Diversity

Challenges in Managing Diversity

Chapter 2 Study Guide

3 Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction

Understanding Emotions and Moods

The Nature of Emotions

Emotional Intelligence

Types of Emotions

The Nature of Moods

How Emotions and Moods Influence Behavior

Emotion and Mood Contagion

Emotional Labor

Cultural Aspects of Emotions and Moods

Emotions and Moods as Affective Events

How Attitudes Influence Behavior

Components of Attitudes

Linking Attitudes and Behavior

Attitudes and Cognitive Consistency

Types of Job Attitudes

Job Satisfaction and Its Importance

Components of Job Satisfaction

Job Satisfaction Trends

How Job Satisfaction Influences Work Behavior

Linking Job Satisfaction and Job Performance

Chapter 3 Study Guide

4 Perception, Attribution, and Learning

The Perception Process

Factors Influencing Perception

Information Processing and the Perception Process

Perception, Impression Management, and Social Media

Common Perceptual Distortions

Stereotypes

Halo Effects

Selective Perception

Projection

Contrast Effects

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

Perception, Attribution, and Social Learning

Importance of Attributions

Attribution Errors

Attribution and Social Learning

Learning by Reinforcement

Operant Conditioning and the Law of Effect

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Punishment

Extinction

Reinforcement Pros and Cons

Chapter 4 Study Guide

5 Motivation Theories

What Is Motivation?

Motivation Defined

Types of Motivation Theories

Needs Theories of Motivation

Hierarchy of Needs Theory

ERG Theory

Acquired Needs Theory

Two-Factor Theory

Equity Theory of Motivation

Equity and Social Comparisons

Equity Theory Predictions and Findings

Equity and Organizational Justice

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Expectancy Terms and Concepts

Expectancy Theory Predictions

Expectancy Implications and Research

Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation

Motivational Properties of Goals

Goal-Setting Guidelines

Goal Setting and the Management Process

Chapter 5 Study Guide

6 Motivation and Performance

Motivation and Rewards

Integrated Model of Motivation

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards

Pay for Performance

Motivation and Performance Management

Performance Management Process

Performance Measurement Methods

Performance Measurement Errors

Motivation and Job Design

Scientific Management

Job Enlargement and Job Rotation

Job Enrichment

Job Characteristics Model

Alternative Work Schedules

Compressed Workweeks

Flexible Working Hours

Job Sharing

Telecommuting

Part-Time Work

Chapter 6 Study Guide

part 3 Teams and Teamwork

7 Teams in Organizations

Teams in Organizations

Teams and Teamwork

What Teams Do

Organizations as Networks of Teams

Cross-Functional and Problem-Solving Teams

Self-Managing Teams

Virtual Teams

Team Effectiveness

Criteria of an Effective Team

Synergy and Team Benefits

Social Facilitation

Social Loafing and Team Problems

Stages of Team Development

Forming Stage

Storming Stage

Norming Stage

Performing Stage

Adjourning Stage

Understanding Teams at Work

Open Systems Model of Teams

Team Resources and Setting

Nature of the Team Task

Team Size

Membership Composition of the Team

Diversity and Team Performance

Team Processes

Chapter 7 Study Guide

8 Teamwork and Team Performance

High Performance Teams

Characteristics of High-Performance Teams

The Team-Building Process

Team-Building Alternatives

Improving Team Processes

Entry of New Members

Task and Maintenance Leadership

Roles and Role Dynamics

Team Norms

Team Cohesiveness

Inter-Team Dynamics

Improving Team Communications

Communication Networks

Proxemics and Use of Space

Communication Technologies

Improving Team Decisions

Ways Teams Make Decisions

Assets and Liabilities of Team Decisions

Groupthink Symptoms and Remedies

Team Decision Techniques

Chapter 8 Study Guide

9 Decision Making and Creativity

The Decision-Making Process

Steps in Decision Making

Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making

Types of Decisions

Decision Environments

Risk Management in Decision Making

Decision-Making Models

Classical Decision Model

Behavioral Decision Model

Systematic and Intuitive Thinking

Decision-Making Traps and Issues

Judgmental Heuristics

Decision Biases

Knowing When to Decide

Knowing Who to Involve

Knowing When to Quit

Creativity in Decision Making

Stages of Creative Thinking

Personal Creativity Drivers

Team Creativity Drivers

Chapter 9 Study Guide

10 Conflict and Negotiation

Conflict in Organizations

Types of Conflict

Levels of Conflict

Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict

Culture and Conflict

Conflict Management

Stages of Conflict

Hierarchical Causes of Conflict

Contextual Causes of Conflict

Indirect Conflict Management Strategies

Direct Conflict Management Strategies

Negotiation

Negotiation Goals and Outcomes

Ethical Aspects of Negotiation

Organizational Settings for Negotiation

Negotiation Strategies

Approaches to Distributive Negotiation

How to Gain Integrative Agreements

Common Negotiation Pitfalls

Third-Party Roles in Negotiation

Chapter 10 Study Guide

part 4 Influence Processes and Leadership

11 Communication and Collaboration

The Nature of Communication

The Communication Process

Feedback and Communication

Nonverbal Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Communication Barriers

Active Listening

Cross-Cultural Communication

Organizational Communication

Communication Channels

Communication Flows

Status Effects

Collaborative Work Environments

Collaboration Technologies

Interactional Transparency

Supportive Communication Principles

Chapter 11 Study Guide

12 Power and Politics

Power and Influence

Interdependence, Legitimacy, and Power

Obedience

Acceptance of Authority and the Zone of Indifference

Sources of Power and Influence

Position Power

Personal Power

Power and Influence Capacity

Relational Influence Techniques

Empowerment

Keys to Empowerment

Power as an Expanding Pie

From Empowerment to Valuing People

Organizational Politics

Traditions of Organizational Politics

Politics of Self-Protection

Politics and Governance

Chapter 12 Study Guide

13 Leadership Essentials

Leadership

Managers versus Leaders

Trait Leadership Perspectives

Behavioral Leadership Perspectives

Situational Contingency Leadership

Fiedler's Leadership Contingency View

Path-Goal View of Leadership

Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership Model

Substitutes for Leadership

Follower-Centered Approaches

Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs)

Implicit Followership Theories

Inspirational and Relational Leadership Perspectives

Charismatic Leadership

Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Chapter 13 Study Guide

14 Leadership Challenges and Organizational Change

Moral Leadership

Authentic Leadership

Spiritual Leadership

Servant Leadership

Ethical Leadership

Shared Leadership

Shared Leadership in Work Teams

Shared Leadership and Self-Leadership

Leadership across Cultures

The GLOBE Perspective

Leadership Aspects and Culture

Culturally Endorsed Leadership Matches

Universally Endorsed Aspects of Leadership

Leading Organizational Change

Contexts for Leadership Action

Leaders as Change Agents

Planned Change Strategies

Resistance to Change

Chapter 14 Study Guide

part 5 Organizational Context

15 Organizational Culture and Innovation

Organizational Culture

Functions of Organizational Culture

Subcultures and Countercultures

National Culture and Corporate Culture

Understanding Organizational Cultures

Layers of Cultural Analysis

Stories, Rites, Rituals, and Symbols

Cultural Rules and Roles

Shared Values, Meanings, and Organizational Myths

Innovation in Organizations

The Process of Innovation

Product and Process Innovations

Balancing Exploration and Exploitation

Managing Organizational Culture and Innovation

Management Philosophy and Strategy

Building, Reinforcing, and Changing Culture

Tensions Between Cultural Stability and Innovation

Chapter 15 Study Guide

16 Organizational Goals and Structures

Organizational Goals

Societal Goals

Output Goals

Systems Goals

Hierarchy and Control

Organizations as Hierarchies

Controls Are a Basic Feature

Centralization and Decentralization

Organizing and Coordinating Work

Traditional Types of Departments

Coordination

Bureaucracy and Beyond

Mechanistic Structures and the Machine Bureaucracy

Organic Structures and the Professional Bureaucracy

Hybrid Structures

Chapter 16 Study Guide

17 Strategy, Technology, and Organizational Design

Strategy and Organizational Learning

Strategy

Organizational Learning

Linking Strategy and Organizational Learning

Strategy and Organizational Design

Organizational Design and Strategic Decisions

Organizational Design, Age, and Growth

Smaller Size and the Simple Design

Technology and Organizational Design

Operations Technology and Organizational Design

Adhocracy as a Design Option for Innovation and Learning

Information Technology and Organizational Design

Environment and Organizational Design

Environmental Complexity

Using Networks and Alliances

Strategic Leadership of the Whole Organization

Strategic Leadership and the Challenges at Multiple Levels

Developing a Top-Management Team

Using Top-Management Leadership Skills

Chapter 17 Study Guide

OB Skills Workbook

Learning Style Inventory

Student Leadership Practices Inventory

Self-Assessment Portfolio

Team and Experiential Exercises

Cases for Critical Thinking

Glossary

Self-Test Answers

Notes

Photo Credits

Organization Index

Name Index

Subject Index

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