IN THIS CHAPTER
What Bluetooth is all about
Connecting and configuring a Bluetooth adapter
Associating with different Bluetooth devices
Connecting to a Bluetooth-enabled personal area network
Transferring files between two systems using the personal area network
In a nutshell, Bluetooth is a wireless technology that provides wireless communications among computers, printers, mobile phones, tablets, digital cameras, and other electronic devices. You can connect as many as eight devices together with Bluetooth, with one device acting as the master device and up to seven slave devices. (This labyrinth of connected devices is called a piconet; you can have up to two piconets.) For example, you could have a desktop PC, a laptop, a smartphone, digital camera, MP3 player, digital video camera, and headphones all linked wirelessly. They could all share a high-speed Internet connection, share data, and use a single printer.
Bluetooth is a wireless specification intended to replace the need to use physical cables between devices. Bluetooth, for example, enables you to wirelessly connect keyboards, mice, and printers to your laptop or computer. You also can use Bluetooth to wirelessly connect a mobile phone to your computer or laptop to sync settings, transfer photos or videos, or share contacts. Many other types of Bluetooth devices are available as well, including ones that don't even connect to computers or laptops such as devices used inside automobiles, exercise equipment, and games.
Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit signals, much like many other types of technologies such as FM radio, television, and Wi-Fi. One primary difference between Bluetooth and other radio wave technologies is the distance between devices. Bluetooth is designed for very small distances; the idea is that Bluetooth is personal. You set up connections between your devices in a personal area network (called a PAN). Bluetooth is good within about 164 feet (50 meters), whereas other radio wave technologies can reach miles or hundreds of miles.
At the time of this writing, the current Bluetooth version is 4.0. Bluetooth 4.0 introduced low-energy wireless transfers to allow small, low-powered devices to use Bluetooth. Transfer rates allow data to be sent at up to 25 Mbps (megabytes per second, which is quite fast. If you're thinking of setting up a permanent wireless network between computers, however, you may want to stick with the 802.11 standards described in Chapter 38. But when it comes to connecting non-computer Bluetooth devices, wirelessly connecting a printer, or occasionally transferring files between computers, Bluetooth can't be beat.
The following are some Bluetooth buzzwords and concepts that you'll encounter in this section, as well as in the instructions that come with Bluetooth devices:
A non-computer gadget such as a smartphone, MP3 player, or electronic pedometer that supports Bluetooth is called a Bluetooth device. A standard desktop PC or laptop computer usually isn't a Bluetooth device, although many laptops do include built-in Bluetooth capabilities. As a rule, it's easy to turn your PC or laptop into a Bluetooth device. You just plug a Bluetooth USB adapter — a tiny device about the size of your thumb — into any available USB port, and presto, your computer is a Bluetooth device. Making your computer into a Bluetooth device doesn't limit it in any way. It just extends the capabilities of your computer so that you can do things such as:
When you install a Bluetooth adapter on your PC or laptop, you also install radio drivers. Windows 8.1 comes with many radio drivers preinstalled.
If you plan to share a single Internet account among several computers or Bluetooth devices, you should install your first Bluetooth USB adapter in the computer that connects directly to the router. That will give other Bluetooth devices that you add later easy access to the Internet through that computer's Internet connection.
After you've installed a Bluetooth adapter, you'll find a new icon named Bluetooth 2.0 USB Device (or similar) in the PC Settings Devices list. You also can view Bluetooth information in the Device Manager.
To view the Devices list, show the Charms Bar, choose Settings, click Change PC Settings at the bottom of the PC Settings pane, and click PC and Devices. Figure 35.1 shows the Bluetooth menu option that appears in PC Settings when a Bluetooth device is attached or built-in to the computer.
To see how the same device looks in Device Manager, show the desktop and press Windows+X. Choose Device Manager and expand the Bluetooth list, as shown in Figure 35.2. Your list may be different from the one shown here, but the important thing to note is that you can view and manage the Bluetooth device here as well.
You also will have a Bluetooth icon (which looks very similar to the letter B) in the notification area of the Windows desktop taskbar. The Bluetooth Settings screen will be your central point for installing Bluetooth. To open that screen, use the earlier procedure from the Charms Bar, or double-click the Bluetooth Devices notification area icon (see Figure 35.3). Initially, the Devices list will be empty. If you don't see a Bluetooth Devices icon in your notification area, make sure to select the Show the Bluetooth Icon in the Notification Area check box.
As you install devices and join devices to a Bluetooth PAN, you'll see the names of those devices listed on that screen.
The shortcut icon that appears when you right-click the notification area provides options for adding a Bluetooth device, sending and receiving files, and joining a PAN.
Many different types of Bluetooth devices are available on the market. Most have some means of making the device discoverable (visible) to other devices. Whether you have to make your PC discoverable to install a device depends on the type of installation you're about to perform. As always, you need to read the documentation that came with your device for specifics.
On the shortcut menu for the Bluetooth Devices notification icon, clicking the Add a Bluetooth Device option opens the PC Settings window with the Devices option showing. Windows attempts to locate any devices available. The sections that follow show you how easy it is to connect Bluetooth devices to your laptop or computer. This example shows you how to set up a smartphone to your computer. We then walk you through the process of transferring files to and from that device.
To add a smartphone to your computer using Bluetooth, you must have a device that supports Bluetooth. Also, your computer or laptop must have built-in Bluetooth or a Bluetooth adapter plugged into it.
Use the following steps to connect the device to your Windows computer:
Windows sets up a connection between the two devices.
Once your two devices are connected, you can join them as a PAN so you can transfer files between them using the Bluetooth connection. To do so, follow these steps:
Now that your devices are joined to a PAN, you can transfer files between the two, print to a Bluetooth printer and so on. Read the following two sections to find out how to do this.
There's not much you can do when you connect a smartphone to a computer via Bluetooth. One feature that is handy, however, is the feature to send files from your phone to Windows. You can, for example, send picture or video files from your phone to your computer. To do this, follow these steps:
Not only does Windows 8.1 make it easy to receive files from a Bluetooth device, such as an Android-based smartphone, but it also makes it easy to send files to a device:
Windows sends the file(s) from your computer to your phone. Depending on the size of the files, the transfer process may take several minutes.
You've seen how to create a PAN to allow a smartphone to connect to your computer. You also can create a Bluetooth PAN as a short-range wireless network to connect other types of devices together wirelessly. A PAN is commonly used to connect a laptop to a desktop PC, although it can be used to connect other types of Bluetooth devices. As a rule, there's not much to joining Bluetooth devices to a Bluetooth network. Most of the action takes place automatically behind the scenes.
To explain the basic procedure, let's assume you already have a desktop computer with a functional Internet connection. You've already installed a Bluetooth USB adapter on that computer, so it's now a Bluetooth device. On that desktop computer, click the Bluetooth adapter icon in the notification area of the Windows desktop. Click Open Settings and make sure Allow Bluetooth Devices to Find This Computer is selected, as shown in Figure 35.16.
On a laptop computer (or second computer), activate Bluetooth or, if necessary, plug in a second Bluetooth USB adapter. You want to connect the laptop to the desktop in a PAN. To do so, starting from the laptop computer, follow these steps:
Once the connection is established, you should have Internet access on both computers. You can share printers and folders, and move and copy files between computers using the techniques described in Chapter 21 and Chapter 25.
Note, however, that if you made the Bluetooth connection to only one computer in an existing local area network (LAN), you'll have access only to the shared resources on the Bluetooth-enabled computer, not all the computers in the LAN.
If you can't get any connectivity at all using Bluetooth, try the following remedy:
By the time you complete the wizards on both screens, you should have a connection. The Network and Sharing Center folders on each PC should have similar Bluetooth network entries.
If you're unable to get Internet connectivity from the computer you're connecting to the PAN that already has Internet connectivity, go to the computer that's connected to the cable modem or router. Open the Network and Sharing Center and click the network item next to the Connections label. In the Activity area, click Properties and select the Sharing tab. Choose Allow Other Network Users to Connect through This Computer's Internet Connection and click OK twice to save your settings.
If you still have problems connecting to the Internet, check the settings for the Windows Firewall. Display the Charms Bar, choose Search, type fire, and then click Windows Firewall in the results area. Double-click a rule from the inbound or outbound rules list to adjust the settings.
With these settings, you should now be able to connect to the Internet from the other computers in the PAN.
Remember that many different Bluetooth devices are available on the market. If none of the techniques described here help you make the connection between two computers in a PAN, be sure to refer to the instructions that came with your Bluetooth device.
This chapter has been about installing and configuring Bluetooth devices and Bluetooth networks. Bluetooth devices provide an excellent alternative to many commonly wired devices. Also, they're usually fast and easy to set up and can provide a great way for users to communicate between computers without having to rely on more complex networking. Here's a recap of the technologies covered in this chapter: