Lesson overview
In this lesson, you’ll learn how to do the following:
• Create a project and import footage.
• Create compositions and arrange layers.
• Navigate the Adobe After Effects interface.
• Use the Project, Composition, and Timeline panels.
• Apply basic keyframes and effects.
• Preview your work using standard and RAM previews.
• Customize the workspace.
• Adjust preferences related to the user interface.
• Find additional resources for using After Effects.
This lesson will take about an hour to complete. Copy the Lesson01 folder into the Lessons folder that you created on your hard drive for these projects (or create it now), if you haven’t already done so. As you work on this lesson, you’ll preserve the start files. If you need to restore the start files, copy them from the Adobe After Effects CS5 Classroom in a Book DVD.
A basic After Effects workflow follows six steps: importing and organizing footage, creating compositions and arranging layers, adding effects, animating elements, previewing your work, and rendering and outputting the final composition so that it can be viewed by others. In this lesson, you will create a simple animated video using this workflow, and along the way, you’ll learn your way around the After Effects interface.
First, you’ll preview the final movie to see what you’ll create in this lesson.
• In the Assets folder: bgwtext.psd, dancers.mov, gc_adobe_dance.mp3, kaleidoscope_waveforms.mov, pulsating_radial_waves.mov
• In the Sample_Movie folder: Lesson01.mov
When you begin each lesson of this book, it’s a good idea to restore the default preferences for After Effects. (See “Restoring default preferences” on page 3.) You can do this with a simple keyboard shortcut.
After Effects opens to display an empty, untitled project.
An After Effects project is a single file that stores references to all the footage you use in that project. It also contains compositions, which are the individual containers used to combine footage, apply effects, and, ultimately, drive the output.
When you begin a project, often the first thing you’ll do is add footage to it.
To quickly maximize a panel, position the pointer over it and press the accent grave (`) key—the unshifted character under the tilde (~) on standard US keyboards. Press the ` key again to return the panel to its original size.
A footage item is the basic unit in an After Effects project. You can import many types of footage items, including moving-image files, still-image files, still-image sequences, audio files, layered files from Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator, other After Effects projects, and projects created in Adobe Premiere Pro. You can import footage items at any time.
You can also choose File > Import > Multiple Files to select files located in different folders, or drag and drop files from Explorer or the Finder. You can use Adobe Bridge to search for, manage, preview, and import footage.
As you import assets, After Effects reports its progress in the Info panel.
Because one of the footage items for this project is a multilayer Photoshop file, you’ll import it separately as a composition.
After Effects opens an additional dialog box with options for the file you’re importing.
When you import files, After Effects doesn’t copy the video and audio data itself into your project. Instead, each footage item in the Project panel contains a reference link to the source files. When After Effects needs to retrieve image or audio data, it reads it from the source file. This keeps the project file small, and allows you to update source files in another application without modifying the project.
To save time and minimize the size and complexity of a project, import a footage item once, and then use it multiple times in a composition. In some cases, you may need to import a source file more than once, such as if you want to use it at two different frame rates.
After you’ve imported footage, it’s a good time to save the project.
The next step of the workflow is to create a composition. You create all animation, layering, and effects in a composition. An After Effects composition has both spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension (time).
Compositions include one or more layers, arranged in the Composition panel and in the Timeline panel. Any item that you add to a composition—such as a still image, moving-image file, audio file, light layer, camera layer, or even another composition—becomes a new layer. Simple projects may include only one composition, while elaborate projects may include several compositions to organize large amounts of footage or intricate effects sequences.
To create a composition, you’ll drag the footage items into the Timeline panel, and After Effects will create layers for them.
After Effects bases the dimensions of the new composition on the selected footage. In this example, all of the footage is sized identically, so you can accept the default settings.
When you add a footage item to a composition, the footage becomes the source for a new layer. A composition can have any number of layers, and you can also include a composition as a layer in another composition, which is called nesting.
Some of the assets are longer than others, but you want them all to appear only as long as the dancers are on the screen. You’ll change the length of the entire composition to 1:15 to match the dancers.
The Timeline panel displays the same duration for each of the layers.
In this composition, there are five footage items, and therefore five layers in the Timeline panel. Depending on the order in which the elements were selected when you imported them, your layer stack may differ from the one shown on the previous page. The layers need to be in a specific order as you add effects and animations, however, so you’ll rearrange them now.
From this point forward in the workflow, you should be thinking about layers, not footage items. You’ll change the column title accordingly.
Now that your composition is set up, you can start having fun—applying effects, making transformations, and adding animation. You can add any combination of effects and modify any of a layer’s properties, such as size, placement, and opacity. Using effects, you can alter a layer’s appearance or sound, and even generate visual elements from scratch. The easiest way to start is to apply any of the hundreds of effects included with After Effects.
This exercise is just the tip of the iceberg. You will learn more about effects and animation presets in Lesson 2, “Creating a Basic Animation Using Effects and Presets,” and throughout the rest of this book.
You’ll apply the effects to duplicates of selected layers—the dancers layer and the kaleidoscope_waveforms layer. Working with duplicates lets you apply an effect to one layer and then use it in conjunction with the unmodified original.
The Radial Blur effect creates blurs around a specific point in a layer, simulating the effects of a zooming or rotating camera. You’ll add a Radial Blur effect to the dancers.
If you double-click a layer in the Timeline panel, it appears in the Layer panel. To return to the Composition panel, click the Composition tab.
After Effects searches for effects and presets that contain the letters you type, and displays the results interactively. Before you have finished typing, the Radial Blur effect—located in the Blur & Sharpen category—appears in the panel.
Now you’ll customize the settings.
You can also type the x and y values directly into the coordinate fields in the Effect Controls panel, or you can position the pointer over the fields to see the double-arrow icon (), and then drag right or left to increase or decrease the values, respectively. Dragging to change values is sometimes called scrubbing.
To punch up the brightness of this layer, you will apply the Exposure color-correction effect. This effect lets you make tonal adjustments to footage. It simulates the result of modifying the exposure setting (in f-stops) of the camera that captured the image.
• Type Exposure in the search box.
• Click the triangle next to Color Correction to expand the list of color-correction effects in alphabetical order.
The dancers look smashing, so you can turn your attention to the kaleidoscope waveforms that are part of the background. You’ll reposition the copies you created earlier to create an edgy effect.
With any layer selected in the Timeline panel, you can display any single Transform property by pressing a keyboard shortcut: P displays Position; A displays Anchor Point; S displays Scale; R displays Rotation; T displays Opacity.
You’ll move this layer to the left about 200 pixels.
To contrast the left and right waveforms with the center waveform, you will reduce their opacity.
So far, you’ve started a project, created a composition, imported footage, and applied some effects. It all looks great, but how about some movement? You’ve applied only static effects.
In After Effects, you can change any combination of a layer’s properties over time using conventional keyframing, expressions, or keyframe assistants. You’ll explore many of these methods throughout the lessons of this book. For this exercise, you will animate the Position property of a text layer using keyframes, and then use an animation preset so that the letters appear to rain down on the screen.
When you click the Graph Editor button () in the Timeline panel, the layer bars in the time ruler are replaced with the Graph Editor. You’ll learn more about the Graph Editor in Lesson 6, “Animating Layers.”
For this exercise, you’ll work with a separate composition—the one you imported from a layered Photoshop file.
This composition is the layered Photoshop file you imported. Two layers—Title Here and Background—appear in the Timeline panel. The Title Here layer contains placeholder text that was created in Photoshop.
At the top of the Composition panel is the Composition Navigator bar, which displays the relationship between the main composition (bgwtext 2) and the current composition (bgwtext), which is nested within the main composition.
You can quickly navigate within a composition network using the Composition Mini-Flowchart. To display the flowchart, tap the Shift key when a Composition, Timeline, or Layer panel is active.
You can nest multiple compositions within each other; the Composition Navigator bar displays the entire composition path. Arrows between the composition names indicate the direction in which information flows.
Before you can replace the text, you need to make the layer editable.
A T icon appears next to the layer name in the Timeline panel, indicating that it is now an editable text layer. The layer is also selected in the Composition panel, ready for you to edit.
You’ll start by replacing the placeholder text with real text. Then you’ll animate it.
After Effects offers robust character and paragraph formatting controls, but the default settings—whatever typeface appears when you type—should be fine for this project. You’ll learn more about type in Lesson 3, “Animating Text.”
• Drag the current-time indicator all the way to the left of the time ruler, to 0:00.
• Press the Home key on your keyboard.
After Effects adds the effect, and displays its settings in the Effect Controls panel. You can change effect settings in this panel or in the Timeline panel. You’ll add keyframes in the Timeline panel.
The stopwatch icon () next to Transition Completion is selected, and the value is 0%. A diamond appears in the Transition Completion bar for the layer in the time graph, indicating the keyframe that After Effects created when you added the effect.
Even though this is a simple animation, you’ll learn good animation practices right away by adding ease-in controls using the Easy Ease feature. Easing into (and out of) animations keeps the motion from appearing to be too sudden or robotic.
To see greater detail in the Timeline panel, move the time zoom slider at the bottom of the panel.
Keyframes are used to create and control animation, effects, audio properties, and many other kinds of changes that occur over time. A keyframe marks the point in time where you specify a value, such as spatial position, opacity, or audio volume. Values between keyframes are interpolated. When you use keyframes to create a change over time, you must use at least two keyframes—one for the state at the beginning of the change, and one for the state at the end of the change.
You’ll add another animation preset to the type layer, but this time, you’ll adjust its settings in the Effect Controls panel.
• Drag the current-time indicator to the left in the time ruler so that it’s positioned at 0:00.
• Click the Current Time field in the Timeline panel or Composition panel, and type 00. If you clicked in the Current Time field in the Composition panel, click OK to close the Go To Time dialog box.
• Red: 75%
• Green: 25%
• Blue: 0%
• Alpha: 0%
The blue lines at the top, bottom, and sides of the Composition panel indicate title-safe and action-safe zones. Television sets enlarge a video image and allow some portion of its outer edges to be cut off by the edge of the screen. This is known as overscan. The amount of overscan is not consistent between television sets, so you should keep important parts of a video image, such as action or titles, within margins called safe zones. Keep your text inside the inner blue guides to ensure that it is in the title-safe zone, and keep important scene elements inside the outer blue guides to ensure that they are in the action-safe zone.
You’re probably eager to see the results of your work. After Effects provides several methods for previewing compositions, including standard preview, RAM preview, and manual preview. (For a list of manual preview controls, see After Effects Help.) All three methods are accessible through the Preview panel, which appears on the right side of the application window in the Standard workspace.
Standard preview (commonly called a spacebar preview) plays the composition from the current-time indicator to the end of the composition. Standard previews usually play more slowly than real time. They are useful when your composition is simple or in its early stages and doesn’t require additional memory for displaying complex animations, effects, 3D layers, cameras, and lights. You’ll use it now to preview the text animation.
• Click the Play/Pause button () in the Preview panel.
• Press the spacebar.
• Click the Play/Pause button in the Preview panel.
• Press the spacebar.
RAM preview allocates enough RAM to play the preview (with audio) as fast as the system allows, up to the frame rate of the composition. Use RAM preview to play footage in the Timeline, Layer, or Footage panel. The number of frames played depends on the amount of RAM available to the application.
In the Timeline panel, RAM preview plays either the span of time you specify as the work area, or from the beginning of the time ruler. In the Layer and Footage panels, RAM preview plays only untrimmed footage. Before you preview, check which frames are designated as the work area.
You’ll preview the entire composition—the animated text plus graphic effects—using a RAM preview.
You can interrupt the caching process at any time by pressing the spacebar, and the RAM preview will play back only the frames that have been cached to that point.
A green progress bar indicates which frames are cached to RAM. When all of the frames in the work area are cached, the RAM preview plays back in real time.
The more detail and precision you want to see, the more RAM is required for RAM preview. You can control the amount of detail shown in either the standard or RAM preview by changing the resolution, magnification, and preview quality of your composition. You can also limit the number of layers previewed by turning off the Video switch for certain layers, or limit the number of frames previewed by adjusting the composition’s work area.
How you configure After Effects and your computer determines how quickly After Effects renders projects. Complex compositions can require a large amount of memory to render, and the rendered movies can take a large amount of disk space to store. Refer to “Improve Performance” in After Effects Help for tips that can help you configure your system, After Effects preferences, and your projects for better performance.
When you’re finished with your masterpiece—as you are now—you can render and export it at the quality settings you choose, and create movies in the formats that you specify. You will learn more about exporting compositions in subsequent lessons, especially in Lesson 14, “Rendering and Outputting.”
In the course of this project, you may have resized or repositioned some panels, or opened new ones. As you modify a workspace, After Effects saves those modifications, so the next time you open the project, the most recent version of a workspace is used. However, you can choose to restore the original workspace at any time by choosing Window > Workspace > Reset “Standard.”
Alternatively, if you find yourself frequently using panels that aren’t part of the Standard workspace, or if you like to resize or group panels for different types of projects, you can save time by customizing the workspace to suit your needs. You can save any workspace configuration, or use any of the preset workspaces that come with After Effects. These predefined workspaces are suitable for different types of workflows, such as animation or effects work.
Take a minute to explore the predefined workspaces in After Effects.
You can also change workspaces using the Workspace menu at the top of the window.
You can save any workspace, at any time, as a custom workspace. Once saved, new and edited workspaces appear in the Window > Workspace submenu and in the Workspace menu at the top of the application window. If a project with a custom workspace is opened on a system other than the one on which it was created, After Effects looks for a workspace with a matching name. If After Effects finds a match (and the monitor configuration matches), it uses that workspace; if it can’t find a match (or the monitor configuration doesn’t match), it opens the project using the current local workspace.
You can brighten or darken the After Effects user interface. Changing the brightness preference affects panels, windows, and dialog boxes.
For complete and up-to-date information about using After Effects panels, tools, and other application features, visit the Adobe website. To search for information in After Effects Help and support documents, as well as other websites relevant to After Effects users, simply enter a search term in the Search Help box in the upper-right corner of the application window. You can narrow the results to view only Adobe Help and support documents.
For additional resources, such as tips and techniques and the latest product information, check out the After Effects Help And Support page at www.adobe.com/support/aftereffects.
Adobe periodically provides updates to software. You can easily obtain these updates through Adobe Application Manager, as long as you have an active Internet connection.
Congratulations! You’ve finished Lesson 1. Now that you’re acquainted with the After Effects workspace, you can continue to Lesson 2 to learn how to create and animate compositions using effects and preset animations, or you can proceed to another lesson in this book.
1 What are the basic components of the After Effects workflow?
2 What is a composition?
3 Describe three ways to preview your work in After Effects.
4 How can you customize an After Effects workspace?
1 Most After Effects workflows include these steps: import and organize footage, create compositions and arrange layers, add effects, animate elements, preview your work, and render and export the final composition.
2 A composition is where you create all animation, layering, and effects. An After Effects composition has both spatial and temporal (time) dimensions. Compositions include one or more layers—video, audio, still images—arranged in the Composition panel and in the Timeline panel. Simple projects may include only one composition, while elaborate projects may include several compositions to organize large amounts of footage or intricate effects sequences.
3 You can manually preview your work in After Effects by moving the current-time indicator, or you can view either a standard or RAM preview. A standard preview plays your composition from the current-time indicator to the end of the composition, usually more slowly than real time. A RAM preview allocates enough RAM to play the preview (with audio) as fast as the system allows, up to the frame rate of the composition.
4 You can customize an After Effects workspace by dragging the panels into the configuration that best suits your working style. You can drag panels to new locations, move panels into or out of groups, place panels alongside each other, and undock a panel so that it floats above the application window. As you rearrange panels, the other panels resize automatically to fit the application window. You can save custom workspaces by choosing Window > Workspace > New Workspace.