OBJECTIVES
This chapter covers the following CompTIA-specified objectives for the “Protocols and Standards” section of the Network+ exam.
Define the purpose, function, and/or use of the following protocols within TCP/IP: IP, TCP, UDP, FTP, TFTP, SMTP, HTTP, HTTPS, POP/IMAP, Telnet, ICMP, ARP, and NTP.
The TCP/IP protocol suite is composed of many different protocols. As a network administrator, you need to be able to identify the various protocols and their purposes.
Define the function of TCP/UDP ports and identify well-known ports.
Understanding the function and role of ports in TCP/IP networking is a key skill for a network administrator.
Identify the purpose of the following network services: DHCP/BOOTP, DNS, NAT/ICS, WINS, SNMP.
Many different TCP/IP-related services are used on networks. Understanding the services available and their functions is a key skill in network administration.
Identify IP addresses (IPv4, IPv6) and their default subnet masks.
IP addressing is perhaps one of the most complex principles in TCP/IP networking. This chapter introduces you to TCP/IP addressing as it relates to real-world networking scenarios.
Identify the purpose of subnetting and default gateways.
Subnetting and default gateways are important elements of TCP/IP networking.
Identify the differences between public and private networks.
Private network address ranges are now commonly used as a means to provide flexible TCP/IP addressing schemes within organizations. You are very likely to encounter private network addressing in the real world.
OUTLINE
Introduction
TCP/IP Protocols
Internet Protocol (IP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
How TCP Works
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
Post Office Protocol/Internet Message Access Protocol (POP/IMAP)
Telnet
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite Summary
TCP/UDP Ports
TCP/IP-Based Network Services
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
The DHCP Process
Fault-Tolerant DHCP Configurations
Should You Use DHCP?
BOOT Protocol (BOOTP)
Domain Name System (DNS)
The DNS Namespace
Types of DNS Entries
DNS in a Practical Implementation
Network Address Translation (NAT) and Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
NAT
How NAT Works
ICS
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Components of SNMP
SNMP Management Systems
SNMP Agents
Management Information Bases (MIBs)
SNMP Communities
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
WINS in the Real World
TCP/IP Service Summary
IP Addressing2
General IP Addressing Principles
IPv4
IP Address Classes
Subnet Mask Assignment
Broadcast Addresses and “This Network”
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)
IPv6
IPv6 Addressing
Other Benefits of IPv6
Subnetting
Reasons to Subnet
Default Gateways
Identifying the Differences Between Public and Private Networks
Private Address Ranges
Practical Uses of Public and Private IP Addressing
Chapter Summary
Apply Your Knowledge
STUDY STRATEGIES
Read the objectives at the beginning of the chapter.
Study the information in the chapter, paying special attention to the tables, which summarize key information.
Review the objectives again.
Answer the exam questions at the end of the chapter and check your results.
Use the ExamGear test on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to answer additional exam questions concerning this material.
Review the notes, tips, and exam tips in this chapter. Make sure you understand the information in the exam tips. If you don't understand the topic referenced in an exam tip, refer to the information in the chapter text and then read the exam tip again.