Adler Group 199
ageism 83
Alimo-Metcalfe, Beverley 13
bias in 77
apprenticeships 43, 60–62, 144
Apps for Good programme 37, 42
Asia, gender balance in technology education in 29
Athena SWAN Charter 56, 64, 78
attracting women into tech 106–115, 130, 133–174
attraction data of organisations 106–108
challenges and barriers for 133–135
debunking myths about women working in tech 137–139
goals of organisations 109–110
inclusive interview process for 159–167
job advertisements and descriptions 139–142
marketing and branding for 143–144
methods of 137
project plan of organisations 111–115
retention and development for 115–117
sourcing diverse candidates 144–152
Autism at Work Programme 151
Banaji, Mahzarin 69
Barefoot Computing 42
Barsoux, Jean-Louis 79
BCSWomen networking group 184
Lovelace Colloquium annual conference 55, 56–57
Behavioural Insights Team 38, 139
belonging
affinity (in-group) bias 75, 81–82, 160
in assessments or appraisals 77
attribution bias or error 83, 160
effect in retaining women in the technology workforce 76–81
explicit bias 160
gender bias 83
halo effect 160
in images and terminology 76
impact on recruitment of women into technical education and jobs 73–76
implicit bias see unconscious bias
institutional bias 160
interpretation bias 164
during the interview process 160
primacy bias 160
and the take-up of IT or computer science studies 74
training on 84
of women against computing as subject and career 45
see also unconscious bias
bidding rights, diversity and 17
Bohnet, Iris 167
Boston Consulting Group 182
BRAID initiative (Building Recruiting and Inclusion for Diversity) 58
Brexit 90
British Journal of Management 187
‘brogrammer’ culture 187
BTEC qualifications 30
buddy schemes 124
Burn, Ian 83
Business in the Community (BITC) 148
Button, Patrick 83
Capability Jane 192
careers, management of 187
careers fairs 145
Carlucci, Karen 18
Carnegie Mellon University 54
Carnegie Trust 192
Catalyst 135
Center for Talent Innovation 18
CEO Act!on, Diverse Representation Framework 167
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) 115, 152
Chartered Management Institute 157
Clarke, Beverly 125
Code.org 28
Coding Black Females 74
computer science 25
employment of graduates of 58–59
enrolment of higher education students in 49–52
experience of higher education student of 52–53
higher education teaching and researching of 53
interventions to recruit women to courses and employment 53–58
replacement of ICT with 26
Computer Weekly, Most Influential Women in UK Technology 94
computing
definition of 25
image problem of 34
Computing At School (CAS) 25
The Con Job (Doyle-Morris) 200
confidence 200
The Confidence Code (Kay and Shipman) 166
COVID-19 pandemic 9, 90, 93, 118–119, 133
effects of 175
and working from home 156
customer satisfaction 14
CVs
blind checking of 162
de Rojas, Jacqueline 94
decision-making 17
deficit model 49
Developing Computational Thinking report 28
development, of talent 115–128
Digital Project Managers 101
digital skills gap 133
digital technology 27
discrimination 18
continuous learning about inclusion and 96–97
dangers of diversity without inclusion 18–20
financial business case for 11–12
innovation business case for 14–16
legal, compliance-based, governance business case for 16–18
productivity business case for 12–14
tips and tricks for companies and institutions 19–20
Doyle-Morris, Suzanne 200
earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) 11, 12
education 134
generalist master’s courses 62
to reduce stereotype threat and impact of unconscious bias 178
specialist education courses 112
see also higher education; schools
Emerich, Cynthia 77
employee engagement 100, 118, 120
employee resource groups (ERGs) 97–98
employee value proposition (EVP) 152–157, 159
employers
involvement with schools 43–45
strategies to attract more women to IT 64
employment
in higher education computer science 53
Engineering Development Trust 43
England, computing education in 26, 27
‘ENIAC Girls’ 1
Equal Pay Act 1970 154
Equality Act 2010 18
Equality Act 2010 (UK) 142
Equality and Human Rights Commission 158
equitable practices 153–155, 185–193
appraisals, feedback, development opportunities and promotions 185–186
awareness of responsibilities in the home 188–189
caring responsibilities 190–191
internal recruitment 189
management of careers 187
maternity, paternity and temporary breaks 189–190
menopause 193
transparency 185
European Union
computer science education in 28–29
Eurostat 7
companies reporting technology roles that are hard to fill 8
evaluation criteria 135
expectancy-value model 34
external organisations 97
F International 7
face recognition systems 81
FDM Returners Programme 60, 146–147
from cultural audit reports 118
interview feedback on the recruitment process 110
from leavers 118
personality and behavioural testing 165
on retention and development initiatives 118
on social media 110
Feminist Design Tool 51
Feminist Internet 51
Financial Times 166
Flesch reading standards 142
flexible learning 62
flexible working 112, 117, 127, 156, 191–193
FTSE leadership 152
FutureLearn 51
gender
computing in schools and 31–37
gender parity initiatives 183–184
impact on how candidates look for a new role 168
take-up of computer science and ICT courses in schools by 29–37
gender balance, in computing 37–41
gender equality 134
2021 Report on Gender Equality in the EU 118
support of 155
gender pay gap 6, 113, 117, 120
gender socialisation 136
gender stereotypes 35, 71–72, 136
Generation Y (Millennials) 155, 192
Generation Z 155
Girls in Tech 112
Girls Who Code 149
glass ceiling 199
glass cliff 199
glass walls 199
Government Equalities Office 158
graduate recruitment 58–59, 144
graduate schemes 149
Greenwald, Anthony 69
The Guardian 146
Hampton-Alexander 152
Harding, Sandra 49
Harro, Bobbie 70
Harvard Business Review 5, 18, 155, 158, 159, 163, 186
on anonymising job applications to reduce gender bias 162
on business case for diversity 14
on exclusion 176
on feedback 185
on interview questions 165
on male allies 182
on personal sponsors 195
on women leaving the SET fields 175
Hello World (magazine) 41
Hicks, Mar 2
collaboration across institutions 56–58
computer science employment in 53
ethnic diversity among computer science students 50
experience of women as computer science students 52–53
gender imbalance of computer science in 49
interventions for recruitment, retention and progression of women in 53–59
strategies to attract more women to IT 64–65
see also education; universities
Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) 10, 31, 49
Hillston, Jane 54
Hopper, Grace 1
Human Rights Careers 135
#IamRemarkable coaching programme 166
IBM, Reverse Mentoring scheme 198
ICT (information and communication technology) 24, 25
Imafidon, Anne-Marie 38, 45, 125
Implicit Association Test 6, 85
implicit bias see unconscious bias
imposter syndrome 76
inclusion
continuous learning about diversity and 96–97
inclusive policies, processes and facilities 127–128
inclusive workplaces 6
and productivity of staff 12–13
India, women in IT careers in 4, 63–64, 93
Institute of Coding (IoC) 57–58
CTRL Your Future campaign 63
intern schemes 149
International Game Developers Association (IGDA) 15
internships 59
exit interviews 181
inclusive interview process 159–167
interview panel 161
personality and behavioural testing 165
selection process 161
‘invisible knapsack’ 53
INvolve 149
Isaac Computer Science 41
equal employment opportunity (EEO) statement 141
gender-coded words used in 140
gender-decoding of 141
job application processes 111
job descriptions 139
job referral percentages 110, 120
job sharing 192
jobs fairs 145
Kandola, Binna 70
Kay, Katty 166
keeping in touch (KIT) days 190
key performance indicators (KPIs) 109–110, 113, 180
Kocienski, Cressida 51
Kotter, John 91
Lane, David 77
Lean In (Sandberg) 139
Let Toys Be Toys campaign 35
LGBT+ employees 151
Limb, Cherry 150
Lovelace, Ada 1
Manchester Metropolitan University 60–62
ManpowerGroup 134
marginalised groups 72
marketing
to attract and/or retain women in tech 111
Martell, Richard 77
Martin, Mark 44
Maslow, Abraham, hierarchy of needs 115–116
MegaTrends: Flexible Working 127
men
engaging men in gender inclusion 182–185
networking with 200
supporting female-only networking groups 123
menopause 193
mentorships 124, 138, 195, 196–198, 200
external mentoring 149
impact on career development and progression 120
Mosaic Mentoring Programme 148
online mentoring programmes 149
styles of 197
micro-aggressions 78–79, 121, 177
micro-behaviours 177
micro-messages 78
minority groups, engagement problems in computing 44
Mitchell, Angela 94
mobile gaming 146
Modern Families Index 2018 187, 192
Mohr, Tara 139
National Autistic Society 151
National Centre for Computing Education (NCCE) 37, 41
old boys’ networks 82
women-only 183
Neumark, David 83
NextGen Skills Academy 15
Northern Ireland
computing enrolments in 32
teaching of computing in 27–28
Oracle 18
organisational culture 92–93, 118, 161, 179–182
organisations
external reporting of progress of women in technology 113
organisation brand net promotor score/system 110
which run programmes to build connections with schools and universities 147–148
women-in-technology communities 122
Pacelli, Lonnie 94
pair programming 193
parents, influence on subject choices 35
Pareto principle (80:20 rule) 19
part-time working 5
Patel, Lopa 94
PathMotion 143
peer pressure, influence on subject choices 36
performance management 117
Pozniak, Helena 146
Prince’s Trust 148
Programmed Inequality (Hicks) 2
project management 101
Project Management Institute (PMI) 92, 94
business analysts 99
communications specialists 99
data analysts 99
project managers 99
projects
to attract and/or retain women in tech 90–132
celebrating successes 105
communication plan of successes and failures 104
continuous improvement and learning processes 104–105
initiatives 102
managing and executing the project plan 102–103
measuring progress 113
Pulse of the Profession report 94
punch machines 2
purpose, sense of 136
Raspberry Pi Foundation 40, 41
Reagans, Ray 18
recruitment
events 145
internal appointments 189
programmes 54
sources 111
targets 110
responsibilities in the home 188–189
retention and development of talent 115–128, 130
attrition/turnover rate for women in technology roles 119
feedback on 118
retention rate for women in technology roles 117, 119
returners to IT after career breaks 59–62, 145–147
Richards, Deborah 198
risk management 17
Roehampton computing education report 26
role models 35, 135, 136, 193–194
in networks 200
visibility of 111, 124–125, 194
role-playing scenarios 165
Royal Society 26
Sandberg, Sheryl 139
Sandvik, Linda 41
scholarships 149
schools
attracting children into tech at 35–37, 147–149
subject choices in 34
see also education
science capital 35
Scotland, teaching of computing in 27
self-efficacy theory 34
Shared Parental Leave 190
Shaw, Russ 94
Sheffield Digital 139
Shipman, Claire 166
social justice 78
sponsorships 123–124, 128, 156–157, 195–196
Statutory Adoption Leave 190
Statutory Shared Parental Pay 190
stereotype threat 76, 77–78, 161, 164, 177–179
Stewart, Emma 192
Stonewall 151
storytelling 143
subject matter experts 100
Successful Futures 27
supply chains 17
Sutcliffe, Clare 41
talent programmes 155
talent supplier performance 110
Tech Talent Charter 104, 109, 119
TechGirlz 137
Technocamps project 27
technology, history of women in 1–6
TechUK 146
TechUPWomen 74
Textio 141
Thomson Reuters Foundation 15
Time magazine 156
Timewise 192
Toegel, Ginka 79
training
and development 111
transparency, about salaries and gender pay gaps 155–156
Turbitt, Dayne 94
unconscious bias 6, 10, 19, 59, 69–89, 161, 177
United Kingdom
Commission for Employment and Skills 192
Government Equalities Office 190
United Nations
HeForShe movement 155
Sustainable Development Goals Goals: Quality Education 134
universities
attracting women into tech from 147–149
strategies to attract more women to IT 64
see also higher education
Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) 10, 49
University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics 54
University of the Arts London, Creative Computing Institute (CCI) 51–52
USA, computer science education in 28
Vainer, Anna 166
Valian, Virginia 6, 10, 69, 77
Wales
Engineering Education Scheme Wales (EESW) STEM Cymru 43
teaching of computing in 27
Walters, Robert 186
WeAreTechWomen 146
websites, diversity policy on 144
Welsh, Jack 198
What Works for Women at Work (Williams and Dempsey) 79
Why Don’t More Young Women Study Computing? 32
Wing, Jeanette 25
WISE (Women Into Science and Engineering) 74, 140, 146
My Skills My Life programme 42, 74, 86, 149
People Like Me Campaign 42, 74
number in tech in the UK and Europe 207
retaining and progressing women within the technology industry 175–206
Women Don’t Ask (Babcock and Laschever) 186
Women in the Workplace 2018 121
Women in the Workplace 2020 199
work experience placements 43, 59
working from home 156, 188–189
work–life balance 187
Xansa 7