Index

2D digital production timing, 21

2D rendered characters, 153

2D software programs for editing, 148

2D storyboards, 8

3D camera movement, 136–137, 139–147

3D digital images, 153

3D digital production timing, 21

3D software programs for editing, 82–83, 148

3D storyboards, 8

24 frames per second speed, 12–13, 45

25 frames per second speed, 19

101 Dalmations, 83

A

A Bug’s Life, 6

Accentuation of movement, 115

Acting (characterization), 120–121

Actor-based program timing, 22–23

Adams, Ansel, 154

Aesthetic and effects animation, 94–95

Air resistance animation, 78–79

Animal Farm:

accentuation of movement, 115

lip-sync, 130

pigeon hovering, 111

slow action, 47

‘take’, 142

Animal movements:

cats, 106–107

cows, 104, 107

deer, 106–107

donkeys, 44–45

gallops, 103, 108–109

horses, 104–105, 108–109

quadrupeds, 106–107

Anticipation animation, 56–57, 141

Arm movement, 44–45, 64–65

Arthur, 14

As the Wrench Turns, 7

B

Bailey, Greg, 14

Balloons, 30–31

Bar sheets, 16–17

Bird flight, 110–111

Bottom-light effects, 94

Buscemi, Steve, 22

Butterfly Ball, 140

C

Camera movement:

3D, 136–137, 139–147

traditional, 134–135

Cannonballs, 30–31

Car animation, 61

Caricature and movement, 26–27

Cartoons, 26–27, 79

Cat family movement, 106–107, 108–109

Cause and effect, 28–30

Characterization (acting), 120–121

Characters:

movement, 25–26

reactions, 74–75

Children’s programmes editing, 149

Cinematics of games, 151

Composition in Blue, 133

Cows movement, 104, 107

Crowd scenes, 82–83

Cycles (repeat length), 80–81

D

Deer movement, 106–107

DeMille, Cecil B., 5

Depression (mood), 125

Digital effects:

animation, 94–95

crowd scenes, 82–83

production timing, 21

storyboards, 7

Directors:

formats, 14

responsibilities, 11

‘slugging’, 15

timing, 18–19

Disney, Walt, see Walt Disney pictures

Dope streets (UK), 19

Double frame animation, 52–53, 123–124, 133

Drawings:

perspective animation, 102–103

spacing, 42–44, 45–46

Dreamworks Animation, 148

Drybrush (speed lines), 112–115

E

Editing:

animation, 148

children’s programming, 149

feature film, 148

internet downloads, 150

television episodes, 149

Energetic movements, 68–69, 70–71

Explosions, 92–93

Eye movement in lip-sync, 128–129

F

Facial expression:

characterization, 120–121

features, 123

lip-sync, 130–131

Fast action timing, 48–49

Fast punches, 49

Fast run cycles, 118–119

Feature films:

editing, 148

timing, 14

Fire burning animation, 80, 85

Fischinger, Oskar, 133

Flags, waving, 81

Flame animation, 77, 84–85

Flexible joints and forces, 38–39

Foldes, Peter, 152, 154

Follow through, 58–59

Forces:

flexible joints, 38–39

jointed limbs, 40–41

repeat action timing, 73–74

sawing action, 72–73

fps see frames per second

Frames:

double, 52–53

single, 52–53

frames per second (fps) speed, 12–13, 19, 45

Friction effects, 78–79

Full animation timing, 1

G

Galloping movement, 103, 108–109

Games, 151–153

Good timing, 2–3

Gunshot effects, 114–115

H

Hamilton (television series), 74–75

Hammers, 66–67

Head movement, 130–131

Hitchcock, Alfred, 6

Holds:

length, 54–55

timing, 50–51

Horses movement, 104–105, 108–109

Hunger, 152, 154

I

Ideas ‘readability’, 1

Inanimate objects:

repeat movements, 96–97

timing, 25, 34–35

Internet downloads editing, 150

J

Joints:

flexible, 39–40

limbs, 41–42

Joy (mood), 125

K

Kicking donkey movement, 44–45

Kung Fu Panda, 148

L

Larkin, Ryan, 143

Laws, movement, 2

Laws of Motion (Newton), 3, 31–32

Limbs, jointed, 40–41

Lip-sync, 126–127, 128–129, 130–131

M

Massive software program, 82

Meaning of movement, 2–3

Michaelangelo, 154

Miming, 126

Miyazaki, Hayao, 76, 95

Monster House, 22

Mood suggestion, 122–125

Motion blur, 112–115

Mouth movement in lip-sync, 128–129

Movement:

accentuation, 115

arm, 44–45, 64–65

balloons, 30–31

cameras

3D, 136–137, 139–147

traditional, 134–135

cannonballs, 30–31

caricature, 26–27

cat family, 106–107, 108–109

characters, 25–26

cows, 104, 107

deer, 106–107

energetic, 68–70, 70–71

eyes, 128–129

galloping, 108–109

head, 130–131

horses, 104–105, 108–109

inanimate objects, 96–97

kicking donkey, 44–45

laws, 2

meaning, 2–3

mouth, 128–129

Newton’s laws, 3, 31–32

oscillating, 62–63

peg, 136–138, 139–147

quadrupeds, 106–107

walk, 64–65, 98–100, 101

Multiple character scenes, 82

Music timing, 132–133

N

Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, 76–77

Newton’s Laws of Motion, 3, 31–32

O

Objects thrown through the air, 32–33

Oscillating movement, 62–63

Overlapping action, 60–61

Overseas production timing, 20

Oxberry, John, 135

P

Paley, Nina, 94

Peep and the Big Wild World, 149

Peg movements:

3D animation, 139–147

traditional animation, 136–138

walk cycle, 136–138

Perspective animation and spacing of drawings, 102–103

Properties of matter and animation, 24–25

Psycho, 6

R

Rain animation, 90–91

Ranft, Joe, 6

‘Readability’ of ideas, 1

Repeat movements for inanimate objects, 96–97

Responsibilities of director, 11

Rhythm & Hues, 83, 146–147

Rope pulling, 64–65

‘Rostrum camera’, 135

Rotating objects timing, 36–37

S

Sawing action, 72–73

Scenes:

digital crowd, 82–83

multiple character, 82

Simple harmonic motion, 42

Single frame animation, 52–53, 63

Sita Sings the Blues, 94

Size and timing, 76–77

Slow action timing, 46–47

‘Slugging’, 15

Smoke animation, 84–85

Snow animation, 91

Spacing of drawings:

description, 42–44, 45–46

perspective animation, 102–103

Speech synchronization, 124–125

Spielberg, Steven, 5

Spirited A way, 95

Stanton, Nate, 6

Steamboat Mickey, 133

Storyboards:

2D, 8

3D, 8

additional effects, 10

animated films, 6

description, 5

digital, 7

traditional, 5–6

Strobing, 116–117

Stroboscope, 117

Surf’s Up, 8, 148

Suspicion (mood), 125

Synchronization of speech, 124–125

T

Takes’:

Animal Farm, 142

character reactions, 74–75

Television (TV):

episode editing, 149

series timing, 1

timing, 14

‘The Flood’ animation, 4

The Guardsman, 126–127

The Insolent Matador, 144–145

The Little Mermaid, 6

The Return of the King, 8

Time For Some Campaigning’, 150

Traditional animation timing, 18–19

Traditional camera movements, 134–135

TV see television

U

Unit of time in animation, 12–13

V

Vaudeville (music hall), 120

W

Walking (film), 143

Walks:

creature, 146–147

style, 100–101

Walt Disney pictures, 6, 83, 133, 148

Water:

animation, 86–89

drops, 87, 91

pressure, 87

spillage, 88

timing for animation, 89

Waving flags, 81

Weight and force timing:

energetic movements, 68–69

hammers, 66–67

raising an arm, 64–65

rope pulling, 64–65

walking, 64

weight lifting, 70–71

Weightless drawings, 24–25

Whipcrack animation, 114–115

Wind animation, 78–79, 80

X

X sheets (USA), 19