Further Readings and Resources

Suggested Critical Ethnography Studies

Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: U.S.-Mexican youth and the politics of caring. Albany: State University of New York Press.

This is a well-respected critical ethnography of Mexican American youth.

Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labor: How working class kids get working class jobs. New York: Columbia University Press.

This is a now-classic critical ethnography conducted in England among working-class boys.

Other Suggested Readings

Anderson, G. (1989). Critical ethnography in education: Origins, current status, and new directions. Review of Educational Research, 59, 249–270.

This article is a review of critical ethnographic theory and research in the field of education.

Carspecken, P. (1996). Critical ethnography in educational research: A theoretical and practical guide. New York: Routledge.

This book offers a comprehensive discussion of critical ethnography as a research methodology.

Organizations and Web Sites

American Educational Research Association—Critical Educators for Social Justice (SIG #144) (www.aeracesjsig.org/)

This special interest group of researchers advocates for environmental justice, human rights, and economic democracy.

American Educational Research Association—Critical Examinations of Race, Ethnicity, Class, and Gender in Education (SIG #27) (www.aera.net/default. aspx?menu_id=160&id=931)

This is a special interest group of researchers committed to critical analyses of the intersections of race, ethnicity, social class, and gender.

Council on Anthropology and Education (CAE) (www.aaanet.org/sections/cae/cae-home.html)

This section of the American Anthropological Association comprises researchers who apply anthropological perspectives to the study of education. Many members of CAE conduct critically oriented research.