academic literacy, 88, 122, 201-202

academic writing requirements/skills, 44, 62-63, 65, 87-88, 97, 100, 109, 111, 114-115, 122-123, 169, 180, 187, 202

access (to higher education/university), 2-4, 6-11, 13-18, 127, 148, 165-166, 216

adult learners, learning, 88, 155-157, 202, 216, 221

anxiety, 15, 123, 166, 178, 183, 189, 199-200, 212

assessment, 17-18, 43, 65, 86, 156, 199, 203, 216, 220

class (social), 3, 8, 13, 137, 157, 162, 190, 192-193, 208

computer literacy, 166, 179-180, 201-202

course/career guidance/information, 15, 18, 34-35, 38-40, 74, 85-86, 97-98, 109, 120, 164, 194-195, 197, 202, 211, 213, 218, 220-221

Cranton, 202-203

critical social theory, 12-13, 19, 156, 202

cultural, social capital, 3, 8, 44-45, 86

curricula, curriculum, 16-18, 45-46, 121, 123, 198, 211, 213-214, 216, 218, 221

disability, on-going medical condition, illness, 4, 172, 185, 201

disadvantage, 2-4, 8-10, 13-14, 45, 71, 88, 134, 211

distance education See study modes diverse non-traditional

English as a second language See English language

English language, 4, 87, 98-100, 109-111, 114-115, 122

equity, 11, 14

equity bursaries, 86, 197, 202, 213, 218

equity categories, 3-4

ethnic, ethnicity, 4, 10, 13, 45, 173-174, 178, 213

family support student support

feedback, 18, 46, 64, 82, 88, 104, 118, 147-149, 156, 198, 201, 210, 213-214, 216, 220

field work See placements

finances

bursaries, grants, scholarships (value of), 18, 86, 199, 202, 213, 218

costs, 15, 18, 41, 61, 78-80, 82-83, 86, 218

financial assistance, 11, 211, 218

financial security/support, 17, 44-45, 62, 86, 116, 197, 210, 217-218

first generation, first in family, 4, 10, 26, 34, 36, 44, 53, 64, 86-87, 94, 128, 136, 162, 213, 219-220

first year experience, 44-45, 154, 208

flexible/flexibility, 17, 45, 81, 135. 142, 155-156, 204, 209, 212-214, 216, 220

Freire, 13, 156

gender, 13, 53, 57, 106, 113, 120, 127, 164, 193, 200, 209, 213

group work/activities, 67, 88, 102, 104, 110, 121-123, 133, 156, 198, 204, 211, 213-215, 219-220

global competitiveness, 7

harassment

sexual harassment, 201, 205

harassment and discrimination policies and procedures, 221

help-seeking, 16-17, 87, 218

Honours, 143, 147, 149, 156, 167, 172, 197, 212-213, 216

Identity See self-concept

Indigenous, 4-5

individual factors See personal factors

institutional factors See structural factors

international students, 6, 12, 18, 87, 94, 105, 116-117, 120-124, 210-211, 215, 221

interpretivism, 12

Knowles, 155, 216, 221

library use/access, 43, 78, 83, 86, 197

mature age students, 15, 18, 60, 132, 154-157, 166, 168-169, 213, 217-218, 220-221

Mezirow, 202, 204, 221

migrant/migration, 128-129, 140, 172, 184, 190, 212

motivation See personal factors

narrative enquiry, 20

non-English-speaking background (NESB) See English language

non-traditional, xii, 3-4, 8, 10, 13-15, 44-45, 122, 208, 214-216, 219-221

off-campus study See distance education

online learning, support, 5, 18, 63, 82, 133, 156, 165, 198, 210-211, 213-215

participatory research, 19-20

personal factors, 3, 14-17, 85, 87, 144, 153-154(?), 208, 210-213

motivation, 17, 52, 64-65, 67, 82, 86, 104, 148, 150, 170, 176, 178, 187-188, 196-199, 209-213, 216, 221

practicums See placements

placements – professional/work placements, 18, 42, 44, 65, 79, 82, 84, 86, 88, 110-111, 118-119, 123, 132, 134, 142-3, 149, 168, 189, 197, 204, 209-212, 215-216, 220

race, racism, 10, 13, 177-178, 190

remote, 9, 20, 36, 41, 43, 209

retention, 4, 11, 14-15, 18, 85-88, 221

role models, 28-29, 56, 136-137, 147, 152, 178, 194, 209 role plays, 110, 134, 186, 204, 211, 215, 220

rural, 4-5, 9, 26, 43, 51-52, 58, 68, 85-86, 209

self-concept, 128, 155, 163-4, 174, 200-201

self doubt, 42-43, 183

self-esteem/confidence, 15, 35, 83-84, 87, 104, 109, 118-119, 134, 149, 151, 165, 168-170, 177, 187, 198-200, 209

serendipitous events or encounters, 16, 26, 44, 128, 201, 209, 211

social inclusion, 1-6, 11-15, 19, 219

socio-economic status (SES)/ background, 190

low socio-economic status/ background, 4-5, 7, 9-11, 13, 17-18, 218

high socio-economic status/ background, 9, 13

structural factors, xii, 3, 13-18, 86-88, 208-209, 212-214, 216

student engagement, 5, 16-17, 88

student success, 4-5, 14-18, 21, 32, 36, 44-46, 52, 67, 88, 119-121, 123, 142-146, 170, 197, 199-201, 208-218

obstacles to success, 56-57

student support

employer support, 17, 34, 35, 133-5, 209, 214

family support, 17, 34, 38, 44, 87, 94, 103, 116, 133, 136, 146-147, 154, 184-185, 197, 215, 220

lecturer/staff support, 16-17, 34-35, 42, 45, 87, 103, 120-121, 123, 147, 155-157, 184-185, 197, 201-203, 209, 211-221.

peer support, 15, 17, 18, 63, 87, 103, 116, 121 147, 156, 209-210, 215

support services, 15-16, 43, 45-46, 63-64, 83, 85, 87, 102, 115, 122, 147, 156, 169, 185, 197, 202, 217, 219

study modes

distance education, 5, 20, 26, 31, 33-34, 39, 41, 43, 45, 74, 78, 82-83, 117, 131, 141-143, 148-150, 156, 166, 199, 209-212, 216

on-campus study, 5, 156, 166, 198

part-time study, 4-5, 32, 34, 78, 141, 166, 183-, 186-187, 195, 197, 212-213

threshold concepts, 203-204

transformation, transformative, 199-204, 221

transition, 15, 44-45, 58-59, 85, 88, 99, 103, 120-121, 216, 218, 221

visas, 111, 117, 123-124

voice, 20, 193-194, 198, 200-201

widening participation, 2-12, 15, 18