Epilogue

Christopher Alexander, the father of design patterns in architecture, describes a pattern as a solution "you can use a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice". In our case, we've looked at high level design patterns to lower level idioms and everything in between.

This book has been the story of modern Haskell through the lens of patterns. We saw that Haskell is evolving along several fronts:

  • libraries that deal with specific domains for example Iteratee Streaming IO libraries, Foldable, Traversable, the Lens library
  • type system language extensions, for example, Rank-n types, existential and phantom types, GADTs, functional dependencies
  • Generic programming techniques: from template meta-programming to Origami datatype generic programming
  • the kind system language extensions: type functions, kind polymorphism, type promotion

As this evolution occurs, the real gems that are being forged are the underlying idioms and patterns, because they will ultimately outlast the Haskell language itself:

 

"One day, Haskell will be no more than a distant memory. But we believe that, when that day comes, the ideas and techniques that it nurtured will prove to have been of enduring value through their influence on languages of the future."

 
 --History of Haskell, Hudak et al
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