Chapter 5

Studying for Your License

IN THIS CHAPTER

check Breaking down the exam

check Finding resources to get ready

check Getting help from a mentor

You’ve decided to take the plunge and get your ham radio license. Congratulations! Although you can’t just run down to the store, buy your gear, and fire it up, becoming licensed isn’t that hard. A lot of resources are available to prepare you for the ham radio exam. This chapter gives you some pointers on how best to prepare so that you will enjoy studying and do well at test time. (Exams and exam sessions are also referred to as tests or test sessions. I use mostly exam in this chapter.)

tip If you buddy up with a study partner, studying is much easier. Having a partner helps you both stick with it. Each of you will find different things are easy or difficult, so you can help each other get over the rough spots. Best of all, you can celebrate passing together.

Demystifying the Exam

To do the best job of studying, you need to know just what the exam consists of. The exams for all license classes are multiple-choice; you won’t find any essay questions. Some questions refer to a simple diagram. No oral questions of any kind are used; no one asks you to recite the standard phonetic alphabet or sing a song about Ohm’s Law.

The exam for each license class is called an element. The written exams for Technician, General, and Amateur Extra licenses (see Chapter 4) are Elements 2, 3, and 4, respectively. (Element 1 was the Morse code exam, which has been dropped.)

Your studies will focus on the question pool, the complete set of actual questions used on the exam. The questions are available to help you study. The exam that you’ll take is made up of a selection of questions from that pool.

The exam covers four basic areas:

  • Rules & Regulations: Important rules of the road that you have to know to operate legally
  • Operating: Basic procedures and conventions that hams follow on the air to be effective
  • Basic Electronics: Elementary concepts about radio waves and electronics, with some basic math involved
  • RF Safety: Questions about how to operate and install transmitters and antennas safely

The exam must include a certain number of questions from each area; questions are selected randomly from those areas. The Technician and General exams have 35 questions; the Amateur Extra has 50. If you answer three-quarters of the questions correctly, you pass.

warning Because the exam questions are public, you’ll experience a strong temptation to memorize the questions and answers. Don’t! Take the time to understand as much of the material as you can. After you do get your license, you’ll find that studying pays off when you start operating.

Finding Study Resources

If you’re ready to start studying, what do you study? Fortunately for you, the aspiring ham, numerous study references are available to fit every taste and capability. Common study aids include classes, books, software, videos, and online help.

remember Before purchasing any study materials, remember the exam questions and regulations change once every four years for each class of license. The latest changes in the Technician class questions, for example, took effect July 1, 2014, so the next set of questions will be released July 1, 2018. Be sure that any study materials you purchase include the latest updates. For the dates of the current question pools, see www.arrl.org/question-pools or www.ncvec.org.

Licensing classes

If you learn better with a group of other students, you’ll find classes beneficial. You can find classes in several ways:

  • Asking at your radio club: You can take classes sponsored by the club. If you don’t see the class you want, contact the club through its website or social media pages, and ask about classes. To find a club in your area, turn to Chapter 3.
  • Looking for upcoming exams to be held in your area: The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) has a search engine devoted to upcoming exam sessions at www.arrl.org/exam_sessions/search, as do the W5YI VEC (www.w5yi.org) and Laurel VEC (www.laurelvec.com).

    tip Get in touch with the exam’s contact liaison and ask about licensing classes. Because exams are often given at the conclusion of class sessions, contact liaisons are frequently class instructors themselves.

  • Asking at a ham radio or electronics store: If a ham radio store is in your vicinity (search YP.com under Electronic Equipment and Supplies or Radio Communication Equipment and Systems), the staffers there usually know where classes are being held.

    Businesses that sell electronics supplies or kits to individuals may also know about classes. In a pinch, you can do a web search for ham radio class or radio licensing class (or close variations) and your town or region.

tip Maker and robotics groups often include hams as members. Ask around and see if they can point you in the right direction.

  • Community Colleges: It is increasing common for local colleges to offer ham radio classes as part of an adult education or hobby instruction program. Even if the classes aren’t being held right away, there will often be information to help you contact the previous instructor.

Other options for finding classes include local disaster-preparedness organizations such as CERT (Community Emergency Response Teams, sponsored by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA); the National Weather Service’s SKYWARN instructors; and public-safety agencies such as police and fire departments. By asking around, you can usually turn up a reference to someone who’s involved with ham radio licensing.

Occasionally, you see classes advertised that take you from interested party to successful exam-taker in a single weekend. The Technician exam is simple enough that a focused, concerted effort over a couple of days can cram enough material into your brain for you to pass. The good part about these sessions is that by committing a single weekend, you can pass your exam on Sunday and find your new call sign in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) database right away. For busy folks or those who are in a hurry, this time savings is a tremendous incentive.

warning Remember when you crammed for a final exam overnight and the minute after you took the exam forgot everything that was on it? The same phenomenon applies to a weekend course. A lot of information that you memorize in a short period will fade quickly. In two days, you can’t really absorb the material well enough to understand it. You’ll use everything you learn in your studies later in real life. If you have time to take a weekly course, that’s the better option.

Books and websites

You have a variety of options in this category. If you can, look at a few of the different resources to find one that seems right for your style. Here are a few of the more popular choices:

  • Study Guides: The best-known guide for licensing studies is the ARRL’s Ham Radio License Manual. Aimed at the person studying for a Technician exam, it goes well beyond presenting just the questions from the question pool; it teaches the why and how of the material. The ARRL also provides Exam Review for Ham Radio, which generates practice exams online for each chapter to the book. A great companion to the manual is ARRL’s Tech Q&A. Both books are available in the ARRL Store (www.arrl.org) in the Licensing, Education & Training section and at numerous retail outlets.
    • Gordon West (WB6NOA) has also written a series of licensing guides and audio courses for all three license classes. These guides focus tightly on the question pool in question-and-answer format and are geared to students who want to pass the exam quickly without the more extensive background of the ARRL books. West’s books are available at www.masterpublishing.com/radio.html, www.w5yi.org, and various retail outlets.
    • Dan Romanchik (KB6NU) also writes a series of popular study guide books that present the material in a very focused format. Dan has also written a great guide to learning Morse code and blogs extensively on a variety of ham radio topics at www.kb6nu.com.
  • Websites: Here are a few good choices:
    • HamTestOnline (www.hamradiolicenseexam.com/index.html) offers online tutoring and training material that you can access from a web browser.
    • Ham University (www.hamuniversity.com) offers both license exam preparation and Morse code training. An ever-changing selection of ham radio study apps for the iOS and Android operating systems is available as well.
    • Hamstudy (hamstudy.org) is an online practice guide in a flash-card format.
    • YouTube (www.youtube.com) hosts many ham radio tutorial videos. Search for ham radio technician class or ham radio technician study guide, and dozens of videos are yours for the clicking.

      tip After you get your license, YouTube videos on specific subjects are very useful as well.

Online practice exams

Online practice exams can be particularly useful. When tutoring students, I urge them to practice the online exams repeatedly; because the online exams use the actual questions, they’re almost like the real thing. Practicing with them reduces your nervousness and gets you used to the actual format.

The sites score your exams and let you know which of the study areas need more work. When you can pass the online exams by a comfortable margin every time, you’ll do well in the actual session.

You can find lots of online exams by doing an Internet search for online ham radio practice exams. Practice with exams from two or three different sites to get a little practice with more than one style of exam.

tip How do you know when it’s time to stop studying and take the actual exam? Take the practice exams until you consistently score 80 percent or higher. Also, make sure that you’re practicing with a random selection of questions; you shouldn’t see the same questions each time. Passing the practice exams with a little safety margin will give you the confidence to sign up for your exam session.

Locating Your Mentor

Studying for your license may take you on a journey into unfamiliar territory. You can easily get stuck at some point — maybe on a technical concept or on a rule that isn’t easy to understand.

As in many similar situations, the best way to solve a problem is to call on a mentor — a more experienced person who can help you over the rough spots. They’re called “Elmers,” as explained in Chapter 1, and having someone to fill that role is important at this stage. (I discuss my own mentoring experience in the sidebar at the end of this chapter.)

A lot of potential mentors are out there in Ham Radio Land, but you won’t get far by placing a personal ad. You can find them in the following places:

  • Ham radio licensing classes: Often sponsored by local ham radio clubs, classes are well worth the nominal fee (if any) you pay, if only for the personal instruction you get and the ability to have your questions answered.
  • Radio clubs: Radio clubs can help you find classes or may even host them. Clubs welcome visitors and often have an introduction session during meetings. This session gives you an opportunity to say something like this: “Hi. My name is so-and-so. I don’t have a license yet, but I’m studying and might need some help.” Chances are that you’ll get several offers of assistance and referrals to local experts or classes. (Find out more about clubs in Chapter 3.)
  • Online: Although the best way to get assistance is in person, several popular ham radio websites have forums for asking questions. The eHam.net site, for example, has a licensing forum (www.eham.net/ehamforum/smf/index.php), and so does QRZ.com in its Community Help Forum (forums.qrz.com).
  • In your community: Many of today’s hams find mentors by looking around their own neighborhoods. A ham with a tower and antenna may live near you, or you might see a car with a ham radio license plate. If you get the opportunity, introduce yourself, and explain that you’re studying for a license. The person you’re talking to probably also needed a mentor way back when and can give you a hand or help you find one.

remember After you get your license, you’re in an excellent position to help other newcomers, because you know exactly how you felt at the start of your journey. Even if you’re just one step ahead of the person who’s asking the questions, you can be a mentor. Some hams enjoy mentoring so much that they devote much of their ham radio time to the job. You won’t find a higher compliment in ham radio than being called “my Elmer.”

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