- Cover
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part A: Introduction
- Part B: Electrical Energy Storage Techniques Gravitational/Mechanical/Thermomechanical
- Chapter 2: Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
- Chapter 3: Novel Hydroelectric Storage Concepts
- Chapter 4: Advanced Rail Energy Storage: Green Energy Storage for Green Energy
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Market for utility-scale energy storage
- 3. How much storage is needed for renewable energy?
- 4. Value and storage market
- 5. Competitive storage technologies
- 6. Advanced Rail Energy Storage
- 7. ARES operational control system
- 8. Advantages of ARES
- 9. Potential sites in the Southwestern United States
- 10. ARES Pilot and First Commercial Project
- 11. Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 5: Compressed Air Energy Storage
- Chapter 6: Compressed Air Energy Storage in Underground Formations
- Chapter 7: Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage
- Chapter 8: A Novel Pumped Hydro Combined with Compressed Air Energy
- Chapter 9: Liquid Air Energy Storage
- Chapter 10: Flywheels
- Part C: Electrochemical
- Part D: Thermal
- Chapter 13: Phase Change Materials
- Chapter 14: Solar Ponds
- Chapter 15: Sensible Thermal Energy Storage: Diurnal and Seasonal
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction: storing thermal energy
- 2. Design of the thermal storage and thermal stratification
- 3. Modeling of sensible heat storage
- 4. Second Law analysis of thermal energy storage
- 5. Solar thermal energy storage systems
- 6. Cold thermal energy storage
- 7. Seasonal storage
- 8. Concluding remarks
- Part E: Chemical
- Chapter 16: Hydrogen From Water Electrolysis
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Hydrogen as an energy vector and basic principles of water electrolysis
- 3. Hydrogen production via water electrolysis
- 4. Strategies for storing energy in hydrogen
- 5. Technology demonstrations utilizing hydrogen as an energy storage medium
- 6. Emerging technologies and outlook
- Chapter 17: Thermochemical Energy Storage
- Chapter 18: Power-to-Gas
- Chapter 19: Traditional Bulk Energy Storage—Coal and Underground Natural Gas and Oil Storage
- Chapter 20: Larger Scale Hydrogen Storage
- Chapter 16: Hydrogen From Water Electrolysis
- Part F: Integration
- Chapter 21: Energy Storage Integration
- Chapter 22: Off-Grid Energy Storage
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction: the challenges of energy storage
- 2. Why is off-grid energy important?
- 3. Battery technologies and applications
- 4. Dealing with renewable variability
- 5. The emergence of minigrids and microgrids
- 6. Energy storage in island contexts
- 7. Bring clean energy to the poor
- 8. The way forward: cost–structure evolution
- 9. International examples
- 10. Conclusions
- Part G: International Issues and the Politics of Introducing Renewable Energy Schemes
- Subject Index
Storing Energy
with Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources
Trevor M. Letcher
Emeritus Professor, Department of Chemistry
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Durban, South Africa
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Durban, South Africa
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