Inserting CRUD functionality in Our Contacts Application

In this section, we'll try to insert CRUD functionality in our Contacts application.

Have a look at the following screenshot:

Inserting CRUD functionality in Our Contacts Application

The outcome of this section

Here are the steps to insert CRUD functionality in our Contacts application:

  1. In the database, we need a contacts table (remove one if you have it from earlier chapters):
    CREATE TABLE `contacts` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `tel` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
  2. The contacts table stores a unique ID of each contact, the contact's name, email address, and telephone number.
  3. Next, we need a comments table:
    CREATE TABLE `comments` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `contact_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `body` text,
  `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

    The comments must have the contact_id and user_id fields. These are foreign keys to link a comment back to a contact and a user who posted the comment.

    The comment will be added to the body field, and a created_at column is used to note when a record was created. This column is set with a timestamp with a default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP. This means the date and time will automatically be inserted when a new record is added:

  4. Since we've experimented with contacts in earlier chapters, let's start by doing some cleanups. Delete the app/views/contacts folder.
  5. Open app/views/layouts/nav.php and add a contacts menu item that points to /contacts:
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container-fluid">
…….
    </div><!--/.container-fluid -->
</nav>
  6. Open app/Models/Contacts.php.
  7. Remove this code:
    public function getContacts()
{
    return $this->db->select('* FROM contacts');
}

    Then, replace it with this:

    public function get_contacts()
{
    return $this->db->select('* from contacts order by name');
}
  8. Next, we need a method to load a single contact, where the ID belongs to the contact:
    public function get_contact($id)
{
    $data = $this->db->select('* from contacts where id = :id', [':id' => $id]);
    return (isset($data[0]) ? $data[0] : null);
}
  9. We will also need insert, update, and delete methods:
    public function insert($data)
{
    $this->db->insert('contacts', $data);
}
public function update($data, $where)
{
    $this->db->update('contacts', $data, $where);
}
public function delete($where)
{
    $this->db->delete('contacts', $where);
}

    The full model looks like this:

    Note

    For full code snippet, refer to Lesson 8.php file in the code files folder.

    <?php
namespace AppModels;

use SystemBaseModel;

class Contact extends BaseModel
……
    }
}
  10. Next, open app/Controllers/Contacts.php.
  11. Import the Session and URL helpers:
    Use AppHelpersSession;
Use AppHelpersUrl;
  12. Replace the following code:
    public function index()
{
  $contacts = new Contact();
    $records = $contacts->getContacts();
    return $this->view->render('contacts/index', compact('records'));
}

    With this:

    protected $contact;
public function __construct()
{
    parent::__construct();
    if (! Session::get('logged_in')) {
        Url::redirect('/admin/login');
    }
    $this->contact = new Contact();
}
public function index()
{
    $contacts = $this->contact->get_contacts();
    $title = 'Contacts';
    return $this->view->render('admin/contacts/index', compact('contacts', 'title'));
}

    Note

    Like our Users controller, this will ensure you are logged in before being able to access the contacts, and sets up the $contact model, collecting the contacts and loading up a contacts view.

    We also need add, edit, and delete methods. This is done in the same way the Users methods are set up.

  13. If the form has been submitted, collect the form data, perform validation, and providing there are no errors, insert it into the database, set a message, and redirect:

    Note

    For full code snippet, refer to Lesson 8.php file in the code files folder.

    public function add()
{
……
    Session::set('success', 'Contact deleted');

    Url::redirect('/contacts');
}
  14. Next, we need to create the views for these methods. Create a contacts folder inside app/views/admin and create these views:

    Note

    For full code snippet, refer to Lesson 8.php file in the code files folder.

    index.php

<?php
include(APPDIR.'views/layouts/header.php');
include(APPDIR.'views/layouts/nav.php');
…….
</form>

<?php include(APPDIR.'views/layouts/footer.php');?>

Activity: Executing our Application

We have implemented the CRUD functionality into our contacts application. Let's try it out by executing our application.

The aim of this activity is to verify that the CRUD functionality works properly with our application.

At this point, we can list, add, edit, and delete contacts:

  1. To show this, open your application:
    php – S localhost:8000 –t webroot
  2. Load up http://localhost:8000/contacts.
  3. All contacts in the database will be listed. You can add a new one by clicking on Add Contact. After submitting the form, you will be taken back to the user list where you can see the new contact, and a confirmation message will be displayed.
  4. The same thing will happen for editing. Deleting will confirm the action to then delete the contact.
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