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by Mauro Boldi, Olav Queseth, Ömer Bulakci, Patrick Marsch
5G System Design
Cover
Title Page
Contributor List
Foreword 1
Foreword 2
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Part 1: Introduction and Basics
1 Introduction and Motivation
1.1 5th Generation Mobile and Wireless Communications
1.2 Timing of this Book and Global 5G Developments
1.3 Scope of the 5G System Described in this Book
1.4 Approach and Structure of this Book
References
2 Use Cases, Scenarios, and their Impact on the Mobile Network Ecosystem
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Main Service Types Considered for 5G
2.3 5G Service Requirements
2.4 Use Cases Considered in NGMN and 5G PPP Projects
2.5 Typical Use Cases Considered in this Book
2.6 Envisioned Mobile Network Ecosystem Evolution
2.7 Summary and Outlook
References
3 Spectrum Usage and Management
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Spectrum Authorization and Usage Scenarios
3.3 Spectrum Bandwidth Demand Determination
3.4 Frequency Bands for 5G
3.5 Spectrum Usage Aspects at High Frequencies
3.6 Spectrum Management
3.7 Summary and Outlook
References
4 Channel Modeling
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Core Features of New Channel Models
4.3 Additional Features of New Channel Models
4.4 Summary and Outlook
References
Part 2: 5G System Architecture and E2E Enablers
5 E2E Architecture
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Enablers and Design Principles
5.3 E2E Architecture Overview
5.4 Novel Concepts and Architectural Extensions
5.5 Internetworking, Migration and Network Evolution
5.6 Summary and Outlook
References
6 RAN Architecture
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Work
6.3 RAN Architecture Requirements
6.4 Protocol Stack Architecture and Network Functions
6.5 Multi‐Connectivity
6.6 RAN Function Splits and Resulting Logical Network Entities
6.7 Deployment Scenarios and Related Physical RAN Architectures
6.8 RAN Programmability and Control
6.9 Summary and Outlook
References
7 Transport Network Architecture
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Architecture Definition
7.3 Technology Options and Protocols
7.4 Self‐Backhauling
7.5 Technology Integration and Interfacing
7.6 Transport Network Optimization and Performance Evaluation
7.7 Summary
References
8 Network Slicing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Slice Realization in the Different Network Domains
8.3 Operational Aspects
8.4 Summary and Outlook
References
9 Security
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Threat Landscape
9.3 5G Security Requirements
9.4 5G Security Architecture
9.5 Summary
References
10 Network Management and Orchestration
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Network Management and Orchestration Through SDN and NFV
10.3 Enablers of Management and Orchestration
10.4 Orchestration in Multi‐Domain and Multi‐Technology Scenarios
10.5 Software‐Defined Networking for 5G
10.6 Network Function Virtualization in 5G Environments
10.7 Autonomic Network Management in 5G
10.8 Summary
References
Part 3: 5G Functional Design
11 Antenna, PHY and MAC Design
11.1 Introduction
11.2 PHY and MAC Design Criteria and Harmonization
11.3 Waveform Design
11.4 Coding Approaches and HARQ
11.5 Antenna Design, Analog, Digital and Hybrid Beamforming
11.6 PHY/MAC Design for Multi‐Service Support
11.7 Summary and Outlook
References
12 Traffic Steering and Resource Management
12.1 Motivation and Role of Resource Management in 5G
12.2 Service Classification: A First Step Towards Efficient RM
12.3 Dynamic Multi‐Service Scheduling
12.4 Fast‐Timescale Dynamic Traffic Steering
12.5 Network‐based Interference Management
12.6 Multi‐Slice RM
12.7 Energy‐efficient RAN Moderation
12.8 UE Context Management
12.9 Summary and Outlook
References
13 Initial Access, RRC and Mobility
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Initial Access
13.3 States and State Handling
13.4 Mobility
13.5 Summary and Outlook
References
14 D2D and V2X Communications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Technical Status and Standardization Overview
14.3 5G Air Interface Candidate Waveforms for Sidelink Support
14.4 Device Discovery on the Sidelink
14.5 Sidelink Mobility Management
14.6 V2X Communications for Road Safety Applications
14.7 Industrial Implementation of V2X in the Automotive Domain
14.8 Further Evolution of D2D Communications
14.9 Summary and Outlook
References
Part 4: Performance Evaluation and Implementation
15 Performance, Energy Efficiency and Techno‐Economic Assessment
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Performance Evaluation Framework
15.3 Network Energy Efficiency
15.4 Techno‐Economic Evaluation and Analysis of 5G Deployment
15.5 Summary
References
16 Implementation of Hardware and Software Platforms
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Solutions for Radio Frontend Implementation
16.3 Solutions for Digital HW Implementation
16.4 Flexible HW/SW Partitioning Solutions for 5G
16.5 Implementation of SW Platforms
16.6 Implementation Example: vRAN/C‐RAN Architecture in OAI
16.7 Summary
References
17 Standardization, Trials, and Early Commercialization
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Standardization Roadmap
17.3 Early Deployments
17.4 Summary
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Index
Symbols
3GPP
5G Action Plan
5G Automotive Association
5G Forum
5G Global Innovations Centre
5G Infrastructure Association
Trials WG
5G Infrastructure PPP
5G Manifesto
5G MF (5th Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum)
5G PPP
Architecture Working Group
a
ABS (almost blank subframe)
ADC (analog‐digital‐conversion)
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
AI (artificial intelligence)
AIV (air interface variant)
AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function)
analog‐digital‐conversion (ADC)
ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function)
Ann Arbor testbed
ARQ (Automated Repeat reQuest)
artificial intelligence (AI)
AUSF (Authentication Server Function)
b
backhaul
BCJR
beamforming
analog
digital
hybrid
bearer split
BF‐OFDM
BMS (Broadcast / Multicast Services)
BSM (Basic Safety Message)
BSR (buffer state reporting)
BSS (Business Support System)
c
C/U plane split
CA (carrier aggregation)
CACC (Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control)
CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message)
CAPEX
Car2Car Communication Consortium
carrier aggregation (CA)
CCE (Control Channel Entity)
CDN (content delivery network)
channel coding
channel modeling
blockage
correlation
diffuse scattering
Doppler shift
fast fading
ground reflection
map‐based
oxygen absorption
path loss
channel state information (CSI)
ciphering
C‐ITS Platform
CMOS
coexistence
waveform
common phase error (CPE)
CoMP (coordinated multi‐point)
complexity
content delivery network (CDN)
contention‐based access
Control Channel Entity (CCE)
control channels
coordinated multi‐point (CoMP)
core network
COST
coverage
CPE (common phase error)
CP‐OFDM
CPRI
CQI
C‐RAN
CRC (cyclic redundancy check)
cross‐link interference
CSI (channel state information)
CSMA‐CA
CSP (communication service provider)
d
D2D
cooperative
DAC (digital‐analog‐conversion)
finite
DAS (distributed antenna system)
data channels
data radio bearer (DRB)
DCI (downlink control information)
D‐CPI
DD‐OFDM
DECOR
DEN (Decentralized Environmental Notification)
denial of service
deployment
device clustering
device discovery
DFT‐s‐OFDM
diffraction
discontinuous reception (DRX)
distributed antenna system (DAS)
distributed RAN (D‐RAN)
Doherty amplifier
D‐RAN (distributed RAN)
DRB (data radio bearer)
Drive‐C2X
DRX (discontinuous reception)
DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications)
DTX (discontinuous transmission)
dual connectivity
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)
dynamic TDD
e
EATA (European Automotive Telecom Alliance)
eCPRI
eDECOR
eICIC
eIMTA
eLAA
energy efficiency
ePDCCH (enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel)
Ethernet
European Automotive Telecom Alliance (EATA)
European Commission
f
Factory of the Future
FBMC
FBMC‐OQAM
FBMC‐QAM
FCAPS
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
FEC (forward error correction)
FeICIC
forward‐compatibility
Fot‐Net
FPGA (field programmable gate array)
frame design
fronthaul
full‐duplex
function split
horizontal
vertical
g
GAA (General Authorized Access)
Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology
GEAR 2030
GFDM
GPS (Global Positioning System)
grant‐free access
grant‐free scheduling
GTP
h
handover
HARQ
hidden node problem
HSS (Home Subscriber System)
HW/SW partitioning
i
ICIC
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11p
IEEE 1914.3
IEEE P802.1Qbv
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
IFOM
IMT‐2020
Promotion Group
IMT‐Advanced (IMT‐A)
IMT Vision
Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
initial access
one stage
two‐stage
in‐resource signaling
interfaces
E1
N2
N3
N4
PC5
S1
Xn
interference management
advanced transceivers
mmWave
interworking
legacy 3GPP access
non‐3GPP access
IPsec
I/Q imbalance
ITS
G5
ITU
ITU‐R
ITU‐T
k
Korea 2018 Olympic Games
l
LAA (Licensed‐Assisted Access)
latency
control plane
user plane
LBT (listen before talk)
LCP (logical channel prioritization)
LDPC codes
lean design
LENA
LOS (line‐of‐sight)
LPWA (Low‐Power Wide‐Area)
LSA (Licensed Shared Access)
LWA (LTE‐WLAN Aggregation)
LWIP (LTE/Wi‐Fi Radio Level Integration Using IPsec Tunnel)
m
MAC (Medium Access Control)
MAC‐in‐MAC
MACSec
machine learning
MANO
MAPCON
massive MIMO
MBMS
MBSFN
MdO (multi‐domain orchestrator)
MEC (mobile/multi‐access edge computing)
ME‐LDPC
MIB (master information block)
MIIT
MIMO
MMIMMO
mmWave
mobility
mobility management
D2D
sidelink
MOCN (multi‐operator core network)
modularization
MORAN (mobile operator radio access network)
MPLS (Multi‐Protocol Label Switching)
MPLS‐TP
multi‐connectivity
5G/5G
5G/(e)LTE
5G/Wi‐Fi
multi‐processor
multi‐service
multi‐tenancy
multi‐user MIMO (MU‐MIMO)
MVNO (mobile virtual network operator)
n
NaaS (Network‐as‐a‐Service)
NAICS (network‐assisted interference cancelation and suppression)
NEF (Network Exposure Function)
NETCONF
network function
decomposition
non‐real‐time
real‐time
network management
network orchestration
network slicing
multi‐slice connection
resource slicing
service slicing
slice control
slice isolation
slice lifetime management
slice management
slice selection
nFAPI
NFV (network function virtualization)
NFV infrastructure (NFVI)
NFV orchestrator (NFVO)
NGFI (Next Generation Fronthaul Interface)
NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks)
NIC (Network Interface Controller)
NLOS (non‐line‐of‐sight)
NMS (Network Management System)
NNSF (Network Node Selection Function)
NSMF (Network Slice Management Function)
o
OBSAI
OFDM
ONF (Open Networking Foundation)
OOB (out‐of‐band emissions)
OpenAirInterface
OpenDaylight
OpenFlow
OpenLTE
OpenStack
OPEX
OQAM‐FBMC
orchestration
cross‐provider
OSM (Open Source Management and Orchestration)
OSS (Operations Support System)
OvS (OpenvSwitch)
OVSDB
p
PA (power amplifier)
PaaS (Platform‐as‐a‐Service)
packet scheduler
paging
PAL (Primary Access License)
PAPR (peak‐to‐average power ratio)
passive optical network (PON)
path loss
CI model
FI model
PBCH (Physical Broadcast CHannel)
PCF (Policy Control Function)
PCI (Physical Cell ID)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol)
Peak data rate
performance evaluation
PGIA (pre‐emptive geometrical interference analysis)
P‐GW (Packet Gateway)
phase noise
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Cell ID (PCI)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
physical Layer (PHY)
mixed numerologies
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
pilot coordination
PMI (precoding matrix indicator)
P‐OFDM
Polar codes
Policy Control Function (PCF)
polyphase network (PPN)
PON (passive optical network)
power amplifier (PA)
PPN (polyphase network)
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
precoding matrix indicator (PMI)
predictor antenna
pre‐emptive scheduling
propagation
indoor to indoor
outdoor to indoor
outdoor to outdoor
ProSe
protocol stack
proximity discovery
PSS (primary synchronization signal)
public safety
PVM (Probe Vehicle Message)
PVNO (private virtual network operator)
q
QCI (QoS class identifier)
QFI (QoS flow identity)
QoS (quality of service)
QoS architecture
r
RACH (Random Access CHannel)
Radio Policy 2020 Study Group
RAN (radio access network)
moderation
sharing
horizontal split
RCLWI (RAN Controlled LTE WLAN Interworking)
reference signals
REG (resource element group)
reliability
REPLICA
RESTCONF
retainability
RLC (Radio Link Control)
roaming
RoHC (Robust Header Compression)
RRC (Radio Resource Control)
signaling
RRM (radio resource management)
multi‐slice
RTA (RAN tracking area)
s
SaaS (Slice‐as‐a‐Service)
SCaaS (Small‐Cell‐as‐a‐Service)
SCF (Small Cell Forum)
SC‐FDMA
scheduling
preemptive
punctured
variable TTI size
requests
semi‐persistent
Scoop@France
SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol)
SDN (software‐defined networking)
SDR (software‐defined radio)
SDT (small data transmission)
security
network element
transport
user information
architecture
automation
physical layer
requirements
self‐backhauling
semi‐persistent scheduling (SPS)
service classification
Session Management Function (SMF)
SFBC (spatial frequency block codes)
SFN (single frequency network)
S‐GW (Service Gateway)
SIC (successive interference cancelation)
sidelink
Silicon Carbide
SIMO
SimTD
SLA (service level agreement)
SlaaS (Slice‐as‐a‐Service)
SMA (Service Monitoring and Analytics)
Small Cell Forum (SCF)
Smart City
SMF (Session Management Function)
SNOW3G
S‐NSSAI
software‐defined networking (SDN)
software‐defined radio (SDR)
software‐defined RAN
softwarization
spectral efficiency
spectrum
allocations
authorization
demand
dynamic management
management
management architecture
requirements
unlicensed
Spectrum Access System (SAS)
SPM (Security Policy Manager)
SRM (slice resource manager)
SRS (sounding reference signal)
srsLTE
SSB (synchronization signal block)
SSS (secondary synchronization signal)
sub‐frame
substrate integrated waveguide
SU‐MIMO
synchronization
system information
t
timing advance
Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
TOSCA
traffic steering
transceiver
full‐duplex
mmWave
multi‐antenna
multi‐band
Transpolis
transport network
core
trust domains
horizontal
vertical
TSN (time‐sensitive networking)
Turbo codes
enhanced
u
UDM (Unified Data Management)
UE context
UFMC
UF‐OFDM
UPF (User Plane Function)
user plane
UW‐OFDM
v
V2V
V2X
value chain
value net
VIM (Virtual Infrastructure Manager)
VLAN (virtual local area network)
VMWare
VNFaaS (Virtual‐Network‐Function‐as‐a‐Service)
vRAN (virtual radio access network)
w
WAVE
waveform
WDM (wavelength division multiplex)
W‐OFDM
WRC
WRC‐19
x
XaaS (Anything‐as‐a‐Service)
Xen
y
YANG
z
Zadoff‐Chu
ZP‐OFDM
ZT‐DFT‐s‐OFDM
ZUC
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