The following are—or were—reserved words in at least one version of the SQL standard.^[13] The purpose of this appendix is primarily to alert you to some of the words that you should not use as an identifier, for example, for a table or column name.

Of course, the final arbiter of whether you’ll have a problem using any word you choose is not this list, but the SQL reference manual for your particular database system. In fact, your database system may have its own, additional reserved words—so don’t use those, either:

ABSOLUTE, ACTION, ADD, AFTER, ALL, ALLOCATE, ALTER, AND, ANY, 
ARE, ARRAY, AS, ASC, ASENSITIVE, ASSERTION, ASYMMETRIC, AT, 
ATOMIC, AUTHORIZATION, AVG, BEFORE, BEGIN, BETWEEN, BIGINT, 
BINARY, BIT, BIT_LENGTH, BLOB, BOOLEAN, BOTH, BREADTH, BY, CALL, 
CALLED, CASCADE, CASCADED, CASE, CAST, CATALOG, CHAR, CHAR_LENGTH, 
CHARACTER, CHARACTER_LENGTH, CHECK, CLOB, CLOSE, COALESCE, 
COLLATE, COLLATION, COLUMN, COMMIT, CONDITION, CONNECT, 
CONNECTION, CONSTRAINT, CONSTRAINTS, CONSTRUCTOR, CONTAINS, 
CONTINUE, CONVERT, CORRESPONDING, COUNT, CREATE, CROSS, CUBE, 
CURRENT, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP, 
CURRENT_PATH, CURRENT_ROLE, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE, CURRENT_USER, CURSOR, CYCLE, 
DATA, DATE, DAY, DEALLOCATE, DEC, DECIMAL, DECLARE, DEFAULT, 
DEFERRABLE, DEFERRED, DELETE, DEPTH, DEREF, DESC, DESCRIBE, 
DESCRIPTOR, DETERMINISTIC, DIAGNOSTICS, DISCONNECT, DISTINCT, DO, 
DOMAIN, DOUBLE, DROP, DYNAMIC, EACH, ELEMENT, ELSE, ELSEIF, END, 
EQUALS, ESCAPE, EXCEPT, EXCEPTION, EXEC, EXECUTE, EXISTS, EXIT, 
EXTERNAL, EXTRACT, FALSE, FETCH, FILTER, FIRST, FLOAT, FOR, 
FOREIGN, FOUND, FREE, FROM, FULL, FUNCTION, GENERAL, GET, GLOBAL, 
GO, GOTO, GRANT, GROUP, GROUPING, HANDLER, HAVING, HOLD, HOUR, 
IDENTITY, IF, IMMEDIATE, IN, INDICATOR, INITIALLY, INNER, INOUT, 
INPUT, INSENSITIVE, INSERT, INT, INTEGER, INTERSECT, INTERVAL, 
INTO, IS, ISOLATION, ITERATE, JOIN, KEY, LANGUAGE, LARGE, LAST, 
LATERAL, LEADING, LEAVE, LEFT, LEVEL, LIKE, LOCAL, LOCALTIME, 
LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCATOR, LOOP, LOWER, MAP, MATCH, MAX, MEMBER, 
MERGE, METHOD, MIN, MINUTE, MODIFIES, MODULE, MONTH, MULTISET, 
NAMES, NATIONAL, NATURAL, NCHAR, NCLOB, NEW, NEXT, NO, NONE, NOT, 
NULL, NULLIF, NUMERIC, OBJECT, OCTET_LENGTH, OF, OLD, ON, ONLY, 
OPEN, OPTION, OR, ORDER, ORDINALITY, OUT, OUTER, OUTPUT, OVER, 
OVERLAPS, PAD, PARAMETER, PARTIAL, PARTITION, PATH, POSITION, 
PRECISION, PREPARE, PRESERVE, PRIMARY, PRIOR, PRIVILEGES, 
PROCEDURE, PUBLIC, RANGE, READ, READS, REAL, RECURSIVE, REF, 
REFERENCES, REFERENCING, RELATIVE, RELEASE, REPEAT, RESIGNAL, 
RESTRICT, RESULT, RETURN, RETURNS, REVOKE, RIGHT, ROLE, ROLLBACK, 
ROLLUP, ROUTINE, ROW, ROWS, SAVEPOINT, SCHEMA, SCOPE, SCROLL, 
SEARCH, SECOND, SECTION, SELECT, SENSITIVE, SESSION, SESSION_USER, 
SET, SETS, SIGNAL, SIMILAR, SIZE, SMALLINT, SOME, SPACE, SPECIFIC, 
SPECIFICTYPE, SQL, SQLCODE, SQLERROR, SQLEXCEPTION, SQLSTATE, 
SQLWARNING, START, STATE, STATIC, SUBMULTISET, SUBSTRING, SUM, 
SYMMETRIC, SYSTEM, SYSTEM_USER, TABLE, TABLESAMPLE, TEMPORARY, 
THEN, TIME, TIMESTAMP, TIMEZONE_HOUR, TIMEZONE_MINUTE, TO, TRAILING, 
TRANSACTION, TRANSLATE, TRANSLATION, TREAT, TRIGGER, TRIM, TRUE, 
UNDER, UNDO, UNION, UNIQUE, UNKNOWN, UNNEST, UNTIL, UPDATE, UPPER, 
USAGE, USER, USING, VALUE, VALUES, VARCHAR, VARYING, VIEW, WHEN, 
WHENEVER, WHERE, WHILE, WINDOW, WITH, WITHIN, WITHOUT, WORK, 
WRITE, YEAR, ZONE