In this chapter, we surveyed the Python-specific tools for geospatial analysis. Many of these tools included bindings to the libraries discussed in Chapter 3, The Geospatial Technology Landscape for best-of-breed solutions for specific operations like GDAL's raster access functions. We also included pure Python libraries as much as possible and will continue to include pure Python algorithms as we work through the upcoming chapters. In the next chapter, we'll begin applying these tools for GIS analysis.