Index
Page numbers followed by “f” denote figures; those followed by “t” denote tables
A
A roll
AAC, 207
Above-the-line costs, 87–88, 252
AC–3, 207
A. C. Nielsen ratings, 3
Actors
box-office appeal of, 91
casting of. See Casting
Actuality effects, 352
Additive color system, 306
Advertisers, 13
Aerial image photography, 396
Aesthetics
Affiliates, 15
AIFF, 207
Alligator clip, 229
American Standards Association, 316
AM-FM terrestrial radio, 7
An American Family, 85
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, 110
Analog signal, 5f, 6, 300, 301f, 325
Analog tape recorders, 298
Analog technologies
Analog video
color video, 306
composite video signal, 304–307
helical scan recording, 307, 308f–309f
monochrome video, 306
Angle of acceptance, 272, 272f
Animation
exposure sheet used in, 385, 386f
interpolation, 390
preproduction of, 385
stop-action, 386
storyboards for, 385
summary of, 400
on web, 391
Animation rostrum, 386
Animation stand, 386
Answer print, 357
Arbitron, 13
Arc, 265
Archival research, 78
Argument, 117
Arranger, 55
Artificial intelligence, 116
Artist representation, 422–423
Artistic expression, 59
Artistic proof, 117
Aspect ratio
Assistant/associate director, 52
Asymmetrical balance, 249, 369, 369f
Asymmetrical frame, 147–148, 149f
anticipated, 81
commercial testing, 127
for instructional programs, 128
target demographic groups, 13
Audio. See also Sound
Audio console
Audio control boards, 201f
Audio head, 308
Audio mixing log, 350f
Audio on-demand streaming, 12
Audio operator, 55
Audio postproduction, 36
Audio recordist, 55
Audio video interleaved files, 335
Audiotape
Audiotape speeds, 298
Authoring, 129
Authority interviews, 124
Automatic dialogue replacement, 350–351, 358
Automatic gain controls, 201, 349
Automatic level controls, 201
Automatic slate, 324
AVI files. See Audio video interleaved files
B
B roll
Background music, 162
Background sound, 176
Backlight, 243
Backtime, 208
Backtiming, 169
Battery-powered lights, 228–229
Bed sound, 208
Bergman, 137
Bezier curves, 380
Bias signal, 297
Bidirectional microphone, 182, 183f
Binary code, 300
Binary system, 33
Black-and-white film, 316f
Blinkity Blank, 365
Bloop, 324
Blue screen, 155
BMP, 380
Bonnie and Clyde, 378
Boom
shadows caused by, 190
Boom operators, 190
Boom shot, 145
Branching, 116
Breakdown of script, 85–86, 86f
Brief History of Time, 217
Bright Leaves, 85
British Broadcasting Corporation. See BBC
Broadcast camera, 282–284, 284f
Broadcast carrier frequencies, 45f
Broadcast news, 123
Broadcast television
commercials on, 13
daytime programming, 13
Internet distribution of, 27
local news programs on, 15
producers in, 13
scheduling considerations, 13–14
Broadcasting, 29
Broadcasting Cablecasting Yearbook, 411
Browsers, 381
Budget
Bullet hits, 399
Buzzwords, 127
C
Cable release, 290
Cable sync, 323
Cable television
Camera
digital. See Digital camera
digital recording devices with, 39
film. See Film camera
HDTV, 44
history of, 64
microphones mounted on, 194f
moving, 143
promoter devices on, 291f
video. See Video camera
Camera angle
Camera blocking, 35, 167, 168f
Camera body, 318
Camera control unit, 277
Camera lens
angle of acceptance, 272, 272f
description of, 269
digital, 280
elements of, 270f
image depth, 273
variable focal length, 272
zoom, 272
Camera mounting devices
Camera operator, 54, 167, 292–293
Camera placement
Camera shots. See Shot
Cameramen, 53
Cap filter, 277
Carbon arc light, 219
Cardioid microphone, 182, 183f, 190, 194, 196
Career
Carrier wave, 45
Cassettes, 298
Casting
Casting sessions, 165
CCD. See Charge coupled device
C-clamps, 229
CD-R, 22
Cel animation, 385–386, 387f, 388
Celebrity interviews, 124
Cell phones, 68
Central characters, 112
Character(s)
Character generator, 384
Charge coupled device, 65, 67, 261, 276, 279
Chiaroscuro, 245
Chinatown, 365
Chromatic aberration, 271
Cinema vérité approach, 120, 330
Clapstick/clapboard, 323
Climax, 108
Clock time, 169
Close-up
castaways, 173
close mic for, 333
description of, 22, 139–141, 158
example of, 332f
extreme, 140
headroom for, 263
medium, 138
recording of, 166
Closure
Color
Color correction, 346
Color correction filters, 277
Color harmony, 366
Color hues, 306
Color purity, 306
Color test pattern, 368f
Color timer, 357
Color video, 306
Color wheel, 366
Colorizing, 43
Commentative sound, 160
Commercials
audience testing of, 127
on broadcast television, 13
definition of, 125
description of, 17
goal of, 126
shooting ratio for, 175
treatments for, 127
Communication production systems, 6
Compact iodine daylight lamps, 219
Compact source iodine lamps, 219
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips, 261–262, 276, 279
Composite print, 357
Composite video signal, 304–307
Composition
aspect ratio. See Aspect ratio
closure. See Closure definition of, 145
graphic artist’s use of, 368–377
perspective. See Perspective
readability, 374–375, 375f–376f
X-axis, 374
Y-axis, 374
Z-axis, 374
Compound lenses, 270
Compression
Compression ratio, 339
Computer animation, 389–390, 400
Computer graphics
Computer graphics systems, 382
Concave lens, 269
Condenser microphone, 182, 193–194
Conformer, 356
Construction window, 342
Consultants, 78
Consumer marketing, 24
Contact printer, 315
Content, 136
Contrapuntal sound, 161
Contrast adjustments, 241
Control-track numbers, 335–336
Control-track signal, 305
Conveying of information, 58–59
Copyrights, 82
Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 16
Cost per thousand, 4f
Counterpoint, 161
Coverage, 4f
Crab dolly, 268
Creative staff
assistant/associate director, 52
biographies of, in proposal, 81
meetings of, 90
producer. See Producer
scriptwriter, 53
Credit sequence, 384
Crises, 108
Cross key lighting, 244
Cue cards, 125
Cut
Cut sound, 208
Cutoff signal, 169
CW, 67
D
D–1, 313
D–2, 313
D–9, 308
Dali, Salvador, 137
Data acquisition, 334
Deficit financing, 14
Defocus, 153
Demonstrative proof, 117
Depth of field, 273, 275f, 275–276
Design
Designer, 56
Developer, 56
Diagonal lines of movement, 151
Diffusers, 229
Digital audio
Digital audio workstation, 43, 195, 203, 205f, 211
Digital audiotape, 40, 47, 67, 338
Digital audiotape recorders, 301, 302f
Digital board, 203
Digital camera
Digital channels, 8
Digital cinema camera, 284, 285f
Digital computers, 38
Digital effect, 156f
Digital effects generator, 346f
Digital equipment, 33–34, 34f, 42f
Digital film editing, 355
Digital filters, 394
Digital motion pictures, 47
Digital noise, 344
Digital nonlinear editing, 341, 343, 359
Digital recorders, 301–304, 302f
Digital signal, 300
Digital signal processing circuits, 279
Digital sound recordings, 40
Digital special effects, 393–394
Digital technologies
Digital television, 68
Digital time-base corrector, 311
Digital transitions, 155–156, 393
Digital video
Digital video effect, 345
Digital video manipulator, 345
Digital video signal, 308, 325
Digitizer, 397f
Dimensionality, 249
Direct broadcast satellites, 67
Directing. See also Director
Directional emphasis, 373
Directional glances, 158
Director. See also Directing
art, 57
assistant/associate, 52
of live productions, 168
live-on-tape, 172
production coordination by, 164
responsibilities of, 51–52, 135–136, 176–177
terminology used by, 175
timing by, 169
video, 57
Director of photography, 52–53
Directors Guild, 423
Direct-read-after-write discs, 315
Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, The, 137
Discs, 9
Distortion
Distribution
Distributors
Documentary
dramatic structure of, 119
expository structure of, 118
permissions and releases, 84
proposal writing for, 81
research for, 98
Dolby Digital 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1, 210
Dots per inch, 380
Double-system recording, 286, 322–323, 325
Dramas
Dramatic structure
Dramatizations, 126
Dress rehearsal, 166
DVD(s)
definition of, 46
distribution of, 23
duplicating costs for, 23
instructional, 25
mastering uses of, 23
production costs for, 24
product-specific, 25
recording on, 68
DVD-R, 23
Dyna lens, 268
Dynamic microphones, 180
E
Economic convergence, 405
Edison, Thomas, 63
Edit decision list, 341f, 343, 356, 359
Editing
aesthetic approaches to, 328–331
A-roll, 333
B-roll, 333
digital nonlinear, 341, 343, 359
digital systems for, 41–42, 44
of fiction productions, 331–333
of film. See Film editing
linear, 358
modernist approach to, 329, 358
of music, 353
of nonfiction productions, 333
offline, 44
online, 44
output, 347
planning of, 334
postmodernist approach to, 329–330, 358
production, 170
stages of, 357
videotape, 359
virtual, 41
Editing tempo, 152
Editor, 54
Effaced narrator, 109
Effects. See Sound effects; Special effects
8mm camera, 286
El, 316
Electret condensor microphone, 182
Electromagnetic energy, 46
Electronic clapboard, 324
Emotional proof, 117
Employment. See also Career
Engineers
Entertainment programming
EPS, 380
Essential area, 146, 146f, 377
Ethical proof, 117
Executive producer, 75
Explora 1: Peter Gabriel’s Secret World, 137, 331
Explosions, 399
Exposure Index, 237
Extreme close-up, 140
Extreme long shot, 264
F
Fade-in audio, 208
Fade-out audio, 208
Fader, 353
Federal Communications Commission, 65, 67–68, 84
Festivals, 21
Fiction scriptwriting
characterization, 110–113. See also Character(s)
climax, 108
crises, 108
dramas, 106
narratives, 106
resolution, 108
theme, 112
Fiction treatment, 100
Film. See also Films (movie)
Film camera. See also Cameraa; Digital camera
animation, 392
8mm, 286
mounting devices for. See Camera mounting devices
reflex, 287
sound-recording capabilities, 286
special effects created using, 394–395
summary of, 293
Super–8mm, 286
viewing system of, 287
Film editing
Film editor, 54
Film feed and take-up mechanism, 318
Film recording
sound synchronization, 321
Films (movie)
exhibitors, 18
foreign distribution of, 18, 20f
highest-grossing, 19f
low-budget, 19
nontheatrical, 21
postmodernist, 62
public showings of, 21
Film-style video production, 47
Filter(s)
Filter switch, 277
Filter wheel, 277
Financial support
First-person narration, 120
FLAC, 207
Flags, 229
Flash cards, 10
Flats, 253
Floodlights, 225–226, 227f, 256
Floor manager, 52
Floor plan, 253
Fluorescent light, 220f–221f, 220–222
Focal point, 270
Focal-length lens, 152
Fog, 398
Footage, shooting ratio of, 88
Foreground, 372
Foreign distribution, 18
Foreshadowing, 115
Four-point lighting, 241–242, 242f, 257
Four-walling, 19
Fox, 12
Frame
Frame movement, 151
Frame-grabbers, 379
Framing
Freelancing, 422
Fresnel lighting instrument, 224–225, 226f
Full shot, 138
Full-page master scene script, 100, 102f, 103
Function, 136
FX. See Sound effects; Special effects
G
Gaffers, 53
Gels, 229
GIF, 380
Gone with the Wind, 76
Graininess, 316
Graphic artist
Graphics
Graphics generator, 384
Graphics stand, 251f
Gray scale, 367
Gross average audience, 4f
Gross ratings points, 4f
Gross receipts, 20
Ground wire, 201
GRPs, 4f
H
Halo effect, 241
Halogen-metal-iodide lamps, 219
Hand microphone, 185, 185f, 187, 194
Hand props, 254f
Handheld cards, 250
Hard light, 218
HDTV
HDTV cameras, 44
HDV camcorder, 282
Helical scan recording, 307, 308f–309f
Helical videotape tracks, 305f
Hen Hop, 365
Hidden microphones, 190–191, 192f–193f
Hierarchical model
of media production businesses, 11f
of motion picture company, 52f
of production, 90
of television stations, 53f
High hat, 267
High-angle shot, 142f
High-definition television. See HDTV
High-impedance microphones, 183
High-impedance signals, 203
Hitchcock, Alfred, 76, 161, 366
Hitchhiker, 267
Hits, 3
Horizontal sync signal, 305
Households using television, 4f, 13
Humorous treatment, 127
Hypertext markup language (HTML), 381
I
I signal, 306
Ideas, 75
“Illusion of reality,” 84
Image(s)
composing of, for prerecorded music, 161–162
computer-generated, 378
negative, 155
perspective of, 150
readability of, 374–375, 375f–376f
sound interaction with, 159–162
sound synchronization with, 311–312
speed of motion, 152
superimposed, 154
tonality of, 151
Image area, 249, 250f, 375–376, 377f
Image depth, 273
IMAX, 36
Impressions, 4f In-camera matte effects, 395
Incident light, 238
Incident reading, 238
Incidental characters, 112
Independent producers, 14–15, 74–75
Information
In-house production, 25–26, 30
Inserts, 173
Instructional DVDs, 25
Instructional films and videos, 128–129
Interactive computer games, 43
Interactive multimedia
Internet
animation on, 391
audience estimation methods, 3
distribution through, 9, 26–28
“hits,” 3
hypertext markup language, 381
marketing uses of, 39
network television programs on, 27
news programs on, 27
streaming on, 11
Internet Protocol Television, 26–27
Interpolation, 390
Intervalometer, 395
Interview(s)
authority, 124
celebrity, 124
description of, 78
in nonfiction scriptwriting, 120–121
“talking head,” 333
Inverse square law, 236f
IPTV. See Internet Protocol Television
J
JFK, 330
Jingle, 127
Journalistic research, 98
K
Keystone distortion, 383, 383f
Key-to-fill ratio, 240
Kill sound, 208
L
Laboratory color timer, 55
Lance Loud! A Death in an American Family, 85
Last Samurai, 63
Lavaliere microphone, 186–187, 188f, 191, 194
LED meters. See Light emitting diode meters
Lens. See also Camera lens
Leveling of tripod, 267
Light(s). See also Lighting instruments
backlight, 243
carbon arc, 219
fluorescent, 220f–221f, 220–222
light-emitting diodes, 222, 223f
mounting devices for, 229, 231f
tungsten, 219
Light emitting diode meters, 199–201, 200f
Light meter, 238–239, 239f, 256
Light-emitting diode lights, 222, 223f
Lighting
cross key, 244
for digital cameras, 246
four-point, 241–242, 242f, 257
in multiple-camera situations, 245–246
postmodernist, 217
realist, 216
shadow control in, 244
Lighting board programs, 39
Lighting control
Lighting director, 54
Lighting effects, 39
Lighting instruments. See also Light(s)
Linear editing, 358
Lip-sync, 160
Little Big Man, 109
Live-on-tape recording, 172
Local news programs, 15
Location
Locking window, 343
Long shot, 138, 139f, 173, 264
Lord of the Rings, The, 63
Lossless systems, 207
Lossy systems, 207
Loud, Lance, 85
Low-angle shot, 142f
Low-budget films, 19
Lower-power TV stations, 67
Low-impedance signals, 203
Luminaire. See Lighting instrument
Luxo Jr., 365
M
Magnetically striped film, 298, 299f
Marketing
Markets, 12
Master program bus, 171
Match cut, 331
Matrix, 380
Matte boxes, 395
McElwee, Ross, 85
Media production business, 11f
Media production career
Medium close-up, 138
Medium long shot, 138
Medium shot, 138, 139f, 156, 264
Meetings
Megapixels, 282
Memory, 340
Miamic Vice, 365
Mic boom. See Boom
Micro cameras, 285
Microphone cables, 201–202, 202f
Microphones
with built-in dual pickup heads, 196
camera-mounted, 194f
cardioid, 182, 183f, 190, 194, 196
description of, 180
dynamic, 180
high-impedance, 183
lavaliere, 186–187, 188f, 191, 194
omnidirectional, 182, 183f, 189, 194
pickup patterns, 182
stereo, 196
Mics. See Microphones
“Mitt out,” 287
Mix log, 349
Mixing, 202–206, 208, 211, 348–350, 358
Mixing log, 350f
Mobile systems, 8
Modernism
Modernist graphics, 364
Modulometer, 200. See also Peak program meter
Moiré effect, 254
Monochrome video, 306
Motion picture
Motion picture company
Motor, 318
Moving subjects, lighting of, 244–245
MP3, 207
Multichannel recording, 195
Multichannel sound, 210
Multidirectional microphone, 182, 184f
Multimedia
Multimedia cards, 40
Multiple-camera directing
Multiple-camera production
Multitrack audiotape recorders, 347
Murphy’s law, 49
Music
Music libraries, 83
Music share programs, 22
N
Narration
in fiction scriptwriting, 109–110
in nonfiction scriptwriting, 120
nonsynchronous, 351
voice-over, 351
Narrative, 106
Narrative duration, 109
Narrative order, 109
Narrator, 109
Narrowcast, 16
National Television Standards Committee, 66, 68
Natural Born Killers, 143
Negative image, 155, 315, 316f
Negative/positive process, 315
Neighbors, 389
Net receipts, 20
Network(s)
Neutral density filters, 277
News producer, 123
News programs
News stories
No Lies, 330
Noise
Noncompetitive internships, 408
Nonfiction scriptwriting
commercials. See Commercials
dramatic structure in, 119
instructional films and videos, 128–129
interactive approach, 120
interactive learning and training, 129–131
narration, 120
news stories. See News stories
overview of, 117
self-reflexive approach, 120
Nonfiction treatments, 100
Nonsynchronous narration, 351
Nontheatrical films, 21
Notan, 245
Novel, adaptation of, 114
O
Occult balance, 369
Offline editing, 44
Off-screen sound, 160
Off-screen space, 149
Off-set graphics, 378
Ohms law, 235f
Omnidirectional microphones, 182, 183f, 189, 194
Omniscient narrator, 109
On-camera microphones, 183, 185–187
On-demand streaming, 12
180-degree axis of action rule, 158, 159f
Online editing, 44
On-screen sound, 160
On-screen space, 149
On-the-air timing, 169
Open mic, 208
Optical flips, 396
Optical printer, 395
Optical special effects, 393, 395–397
Oral interviews, 78
Original music, 162
Overmodulation, 199
Over-the shoulder, 141f
P
Pace
Pacing, 119
Pan action, 265
Pan shot, 143
Panic in Needle Park, The, 98
Parabolic aluminized reflector bulbs, 225–226
Paradine Case, The, 76
Parallel lines, 373
Parallel sound, 161
Pedestal mount, 283
Pedestal movement, 265
Perceived movement, 366
Persistence of vision, 65
Persona, 137
Persons using TV, 4f
Perspective
Phantom supply, 182
Phi phenomenon, 64
Photofloods, 228
Pickup patterns for microphones, 182
PICT, 380
Pilotone, 323
“Ping-ponging,” 351f
Plant, 115
Plot, 110
Point of view shot, 140f, 141, 333
Point size, 375
Portable lights, 227–229, 228f, 231f
Posterized, 394
Postmodernism
Postmodernist graphics, 364
Postproduction
Preproduction
animation, 385
definition of, 35
description of, 167
digital technologies used in, 38–39
elements of, 50f
Prerolled, 169
Pressure plate, 318
Pretesting of audience, 2, 4–5
Preview bus, 171
Previsualization, 38
Principal characters, 112
Print journalists, 123
Prism block, 280
Producer
Producer hyphenates, 75
Producers Guild, 423
Production. See also specific production
collective approach to, 50
digital technologies used in, 39–40
evaluation of, 90
hierarchical structure of, 90
Murphy’s law during, 49
nonunionized, 84
postmodernist approach to, 61–63
remote, 48
stages of, 34–36. See also Postproduction; Preproduction
structuring of, 90
terminology associated with, 4f, 45–47
timing in, 169
Production budget
Production editing, 170
Production management
Production team
animator, 57
arranger, 55
camera operator, 54
comparisons among, 51f
creative staff. See Creative staff
designer, 56
developer, 56
director of photography, 52–53
editor, 54
graphic artist, 57
in interactive multimedia productions, 56–57
laboratory color timer, 55
lighting director, 54
programmer, 57
publisher, 56
in recording industry, 55, 56f
scenic designer, 54
schematic diagram of, 50f
technical director, 54
video director, 57
video engineer, 55
writer, 57
Professional organizations, 410, 423
Program bus, 171
Programming
Project window, 341
Prop microphone, 190–191, 193f
Proposal
background information in, 79
creative staff biographies in, 81
elements of, 79
opening statement of, 79
sample, 80f
Prosumer cameras, 278
PSAs. See Public service announcements
Psycho, 76
Public Broadcasting Service, 17
Public service announcements, 18, 128
Public showings, 21
Public television
Publisher, 56
Pulldown claw, 318
Pulling focus, 276
Pulse-code modulation, 308
Pyrotechnics, 399
Q
Q signal, 306
Quartz lights, 219
R
Radial balance, 369
Radio
Radio frequency wireless microphone, 192
Rain, 398
Random access memory, 340
Reach, 4f
Readability, 374–375, 375f–376f
RealAudio, 207
Realist graphics, 364
Realist lighting, 216
Rebecca, 76
Recorders
Recording
Recording Industry Association of America, 68
Reel-to-reel tape recorders, 321
Reflectors, 231
Reflex film camera, 287
Registration pin, 319
Remote production, 48
Rendering, 390
Research
Residuals, 88
Reversal process, 315
Reverse-angle shot, 141
Revolving head digital audiotape recorders, 301–303, 302f
Rhetorical persuasion, 59
Rhythm
Ribbon microphones, 180–181, 194
Right-to-work laws, 83
Risers, 253
Ritter fan, 398
“Roll tape,” 175
Rostrum, 392
Rotating opaque shutter, 318
Rotoscoping, 388
Run/stop button, 318
S
Sampling, 37
Satellite systems
Saving Private Ryan, 60f
Scale, 151
Scene
Scenic designer, 54
Screen directionality, 158
Screenplay
Screens, 229
Scrims, 229
Script
continuity marks on, 174f
definition of, 35
full-page master scene, 100, 102f, 103
function of, 96
interactive multimedia, 130–131
shooting, 97, 136, 163f, 163–164
shots listed on, 174
synopsis, 99
treatment. See Treatment
Script breakdown, 35, 85–86, 86f
Script supervisor, 35
Scriptwriter
Scriptwriting
categories of, 95
computer programs for, 100
digital technologies used in, 38
economy of expression principles, 97
fiction. See Fiction scriptwriting
interactive multimedia, 129–131
nonfiction. See Nonfiction scriptwriting
Secondary characters, 112
Self-reflexive approach, 120
Selznick, David O., 76
Serifs, 375
Servo capstan, 305
Sets
Settings, 96
Sexual harassment, 409
Shared screen, 154
Sherman’s March, 85
Shooting script, 97, 136, 163f, 163–164
Shorten, 207
Shot(s)
boom, 145
definition of, 327
full, 138
high-angle, 142f
insert, 173
low-angle, 142f
over-the shoulder, 141f
pan, 143
reverse-angle, 141
script listing of, 174f
in single-camera directing, 173–174
tilt, 144
trimming of, 327
two-shot, 264
Shot list, 167
Shotgun microphones, 183f, 191, 193f
Signal-to-noise ratio, 198–199, 199f
Silver halide crystals, 315, 325
Sine wave, 297
Singin’ in the Rain, 161
Single-camera directing, 173–175
Single-camera production
Single-system recording, 286–287, 321–322, 325
60 Minutes, 119
Skip printing, 396
Skylight, 219
Slant-track recorder, 307
Slate, 175
Slo-mo recorder, 392
Slow-paced editing, 157
Smoke, 398
SMPTE timecode numbers, 42
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 313–314, 336
Soft cut, 153
Soft light, 219
Solarization, 345
Solarized, 394
Solid-state storage, 10–11, 40
Sound. See also Audio; Microphones
background, 176
commentative, 160
contrapuntal, 161
creation of, 180
dialogue as, 160
director’s focus on, 131
Dolby Digital 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1, 210
image interaction with, 159–162
mixing music with, 353
multichannel, 210
off-screen, 160
on-screen, 160
parallel, 161
stereophonic, 160
Sound editor, 54
Sound effects, 176, 330, 351–352, 358
Sound mix, 36
Sound mixing, 202–206, 208, 211, 348–350, 358
Sound synchronization
Sound up and under, 208
Special effects
Special effects generator, 345
Speed control, 318
Speed of motion, 152
Spider, 267
Split screen, 154
Split-page script, 103–104, 104f
Sporting events, 168
Spot effects, 352
Spot meter, 238
Spot meter reading, 239
Spotlights, 224–225, 226f, 256
Spreader, 267
Staff meetings, 90. See also Creative staff
Stage manager, 52
Stationary head digital audiotape recorders, 301–303, 302f
Steadicam, 265
Step printing, 396
Stereophonic sound, 160
Stereotyping, 112
Still photographs, 250–251, 382, 388
Stop-action animation, 386
Storage memory, 340
Story leads, 121
Story line, 99
Storyboard
Straight cut, 152
Streaming, 11
Stretch printing, 396
Subjective shot, 141
Subminiature cameras, 285
Supercardioid microphone, 183f, 191
Superimpositions, 393
Swish pan, 154
Switcher, 35, 52, 170f, 170–171
Symmetrical balance, 249, 369, 369f
Sync generator, 276
Synchronization
dailies, 355
of sound. See Sound synchronization
Synchronization signal, 305
Synchronous sound, 160–161, 321
Synchronous sound effects, 352
System noise, 198
T
Talent, 123
“Talking head” interviews, 333
Tapeless audio recording, 304
Tapeless video recording, 314–315
Technical director, 35, 54, 170–171
Technicolor, 65
Technological convergence, 406
Telephone companies, 9
Telephoto lens, 272
Television. See also Broadcast television; Cable television
Television programs
Television stations, 53f
Terabyte, 334
Terrestrial radio, 7
Testimonials, 126
Theatrical films. See Films
Theme, 112
Third-person narration, 120
35mm camera, 289f
Thirty-Nine Steps, The, 161
3-D computer animation, 390
3-D digitizer, 397f
Three-point lighting, 241–242, 242f, 256
Through-the-lens reading, 238–239
TIFF, 380
Tilt action, 265
Tilt shot, 144
Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride, 365
Time
Time-base corrector, 311
Time-lapse recordings, 395
Timing, 169
Tin Toy, 365
Tonality of image, 151
Total Audience Measurement Index, 3
Transistor, 66
Transition
Transition window, 343
Transparent style, 136
Traveling mattes, 396
Treatment
for commercials, 127
fiction, 100
humorous, 127
length of, 100
nonfiction, 100
purpose of, 99
sample, 101f
Triangle, 267
Trimming window, 342
Triplets of Belleville, The, 63
Tristana, 137
Tron, 390
T-stops, 274
Tungsten light, 219
Tuning fork, 180
Two-shot, 264
Tylor mount, 268
U
UHF, 192
Ultrahigh definition TV, 28
Unidirectional microphone, 182, 183f, 189
Unit production managers, 74
Universe estimate, 4f
UPN, 67
V
Variable focal length lens, 272
Vector graphics, 380
Vertical blanking period, 307
Vertical sync signal, 305
VHF, 192
VHS videocassettes, 68
Video
Video animator, 392
Video camera. See also Camera
basic, 276
care of, 290
filters, 277
image quality of, 278
mounting devices for. See Camera mounting devices
special effects controls in, 395
summary of, 293
Video camera chain, 276–277, 277f
Video director, 57
Video engineer, 55
Video head, 308
Video on-demand streaming, 12
Video server, 311f
Videotape
Videotape linear editing, 359
Viewers per viewing HH, 4f
Viewfinder, 278–279, 279f, 318
Viewfinder diopter, 274
Viewing window, 342
Viridiana, 137
Virtual editing, 41
Virtual files, 336
Visual images. See Image(s)
Visual records, 78
Visualization
Voice-over narration, 351
Volume unit meters, 199–200, 200f
W
Walters, Barbara, 125
War Game, The, 330
WaveForm, 207
WB, 67
Web. See Internet
WEB-TV, 12
Who Framed Roger Rabbit, 364–365, 390, 391f
Wind, 398
Wireless microphone, 187, 188f, 192–193, 194f
Workflow, editing, 333–347, 335f
Write-once-read many discs, 315
X
Y
Y signal, 306
Z
Zero start, 336
Zoom lens, 272
Zoom-out, 272