The Walmart mandate failed mainly due to the lack of maturity of the technologies.
The main enabling factors for the IoT are as follows:
New, mature sensors with more capabilities and a high performance at a low cost.
New networks and wireless connectivity (such as PAN and LAN) interconnecting the sensors and devices to optimize the bandwidth, power consumption, latency, and range.
New, powerful, and cheap processors and microprocessors coming from the mobile devices world.
Real-time operating systems, leading to a more sophisticated and powerful integrated development platform at the maker's disposal.
Virtualization technology, which divides naturally into the data center, big data, and the cloud.
The diffusion of mobile devices.
Big data, the cloud, and data analytics.
An object connected to the cloud, which gives it further capabilities. According to the Porter smartness level definition, this ranges from remote monitoring to autonomy.
Manufacturing operations, asset management, remote monitoring and operation, condition-based maintenance, and new opportunities coming from big data.
The main differences between the IoT and the I-IoT are as follows:
Cyber security is more important for I-IoT systems and devices.
Industrial digital devices are often part of a system that must stay running to avoid business loss.
I-IoT solutions must co-exist in an environment with a significant amount of legacy operation technologies.
Industrial networks are specialized, with deterministic networks supporting tens of thousands of controllers, robots, and machinery.
Physical objects in the industrial world are more complex and have a wide range of typologies.
In the industrial world, robustness, resilience, and availability are key factors.
Intellectual property is a sensitive and important topic in the industrial world.
Two main categories of analytics in the I-IoT are as follows:
Physics-based: Based on mathematical formula or knowledge expertise
Data-driven: Where the model is built using past data
