In this chapter, we've learned what a cloud-native application is and all of the features it should have to support a cloud architecture, which is distributed by nature.

We also looked at the twelve factors that should compose a cloud-native application, adding one more factor, which is about security. As technology moves very fast, the twelve-factor application concepts should also be updated by removing and adding new factors. We also described the principles for a microservice in regards to its implementation.

Lastly, we gave examples of cloud-native applications in different runtime environments using different frameworks such as Spring Boot, Thorntail, and Vert.x.

In the next chapter, we will start going into more detail about how to build a cloud-native application with microservices, building from scratch a football manager application.