We can create curried functions manually, without using the decorator from the PyMonad library; one way of doing this is shown in the function definition that follows:

def f(x, *args):
    def f1(y, *args):
        def f2(z):
            return (x+y)*z
        if args:
            return f2(*args)
        return f2
    if args:
        return f1(*args)
    return f1

This curries a function, , into a function, f(x), which returns a function. Conceptually, . We then curried the intermediate function to create the f1(y) and f2(z) function, .

When we evaluate the f(x) function, we'll get a new function, f1, as a result. If additional arguments are provided, those arguments are passed to the f1 function for evaluation, either resulting in a final value or another function.

Clearly, this kind of manual expansion to implement currying is potentially error-prone. This isn't a practical approach to working with functions. It  may, however, serve to illustrate what currying means and how it's implemented in Python.