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Previous Chapter

Table of Contents

List of contributors

Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering

1. Introduction to eco-efficient masonry bricks and blocks

1.1. Brief historical considerations on masonry bricks and blocks: past, present and future

1.2. Contributions of masonry bricks and blocks for eco-efficient construction

1.3. Outline of the book

Part One. Design, properties and thermal performance of large and highly perforated fired-clay masonry bricks

2. The design and mechanical performance of high-performance perforated fired masonry bricks

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Conception of fired clay units

2.3. Raw materials used in the production of perforated fired bricks

2.4. Mechanical characteristics of perforated fired bricks

2.5. Masonry assemblages with fired perforated brick masonry

2.6. Conclusions

2.7. Future trends

3. Influence of large and highly perforated fired-clay bricks in the improvement of the equivalent thermal transmittance of single-leaf masonry walls

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Materials and methods

3.4. Comparative analysis

3.5. Conclusions and future trends

4. Traditional fired-clay bricks versus large and highly perforated fired-clay bricks masonry: influence on buildings thermal performance

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Simulation tools for the assessment of energy performance of buildings

4.3. Reference building

4.4. Computational results and discussion

4.5. Future trends

Part Two. The design, properties and durability of fired-clay masonry bricks containing industrial wastes

5. The properties and durability of clay fly ash-based fired masonry bricks

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Fly ash characterization

5.3. Fly ash-based fired clay masonry brick processing

5.4. Effects of fly ash on the technological properties

5.5. Durability

5.6. Future trends

6. Types of waste, properties, and durability of pore-forming waste-based fired masonry bricks

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Industrial waste pore former and the properties of bricks

6.3. Agricultural waste pore formers and properties of bricks

6.4. Other waste pore formers

6.5. Future trends

6.6. Sources of further information and advice

7. Types of waste, properties and durability of toxic waste-based fired masonry bricks

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Industrial waste classification used in fired masonry bricks

7.3. Comparison between clay minerals and the alternative raw materials

7.4. Firing conditions used in the manufacture of waste-based fired bricks

7.5. Characteristics of waste-based fired bricks

7.6. Current framework

7.7. Conclusions and future trends

Part Three. The design, properties and durability of Portland cement concrete masonry blocks

8. The properties and durability of high-pozzolanic industrial by-products content concrete masonry blocks

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Mix composition and fresh and hardened properties of masonry concrete

8.3. High-pozzolanic industrial by-product content concrete masonry blocks

8.4. Future trends

8.5. Sources of further information and advice

9. The properties and durability of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry blocks

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Types of lightweight concrete

9.3. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) history and utilization as masonry blocks

9.4. Manufacturing and mechanism of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.5. Physical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.6. Mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.7. Microstructure of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.8. Characterizations of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.9. Thermal conductivity of bottom ash cement autoclaved aerated concrete

9.10. Durability of autoclaved aerated concrete

9.11. Conclusions and future trends

9.12. Sources of further information and advice

10. The design, properties, and performance of concrete masonry blocks with phase change materials

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Phase change material (PCM) candidates for buildings

10.3. Masonry brick designs for PCM

10.4. Analysis methods

11. The design, properties and performance of shape optimized masonry blocks

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Searching for the optimal masonry block

11.3. Enhanced performance of masonry blocks using optimization techniques

11.4. Conclusions and future trends

Part Four. The design, properties and durability of geopolymeric masonry blocks

12. The properties and durability of fly ash-based geopolymeric masonry bricks

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Mix design parameters

12.3. Mix details of fly ash-based geopolymeric masonry bricks

12.4. Mixing and curing processes

12.5. Physical and mechanical properties

12.6. Microstructure properties

12.7. Future research trends

13. The properties and durability of mine tailings-based geopolymeric masonry blocks

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Mine tailings (MT)-based geopolymer

13.3. Synthesis and physical and mechanical properties of MT-based geopolymer masonry blocks

13.4. Durability of MT-based geopolymer masonry blocks

13.5. Environmental performance of MT-based geopolymer masonry blocks

13.6. Conclusions and future trends

14. The properties and performance of red mud-based geopolymeric masonry blocks

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Characterization of red mud

14.3. Suitability of red mud for geopolymeric masonry block

14.4. Synergy of red mud with other waste

14.5. Production of masonry blocks

14.6. Summary and conclusions

15. Design and properties of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume and metakaolin geopolymeric based masonry blocks

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Characteristics of geopolymer mortar

15.3. Static compaction device

15.4. Strength development with degree of saturation

15.5. Thermal cured geopolymer blocks

15.6. Ambient cured geopolymer blocks

15.7. Conclusions and future trends

Part Five. The properties and durability of earth-based masonry blocks

16. The properties and durability of adobe earth-based masonry blocks

16.1. Introduction

16.2. Adobe technique and materials

16.3. Adobe blocks properties

16.4. Durability of adobe blocks

16.5. Future trends for eco-efficient constructions

16.6. Sources of further information and advice

17. The properties of compressed earth-based (CEB) masonry blocks

17.1. Introduction

17.2. Properties of compressed earth-based masonry blocks

17.3. Integration of agricultural waste materials

17.4. Future trends

18. The durability of compressed earth-based masonry blocks

18.1. Introduction

18.2. Factors influencing durability of earth-based masonry

18.3. Use of industrial and agricultural wastes and by-products

18.4. Tests and indicators of durability

18.5. Future trends

Part Six. Topology optimization and environmental performance

19. Topology optimization for the development of eco-efficient masonry units

19.1. Introduction

19.2. The steady-state heat conduction problem

19.3. Optimal design for thermal insulation: problem formulation

19.4. Numerical investigations

19.5. Conclusion and future trends

20. Environmental performance and energy assessment of fired-clay brick masonry

20.1. Introduction

20.2. Life cycle assessments of ceramic masonry units

20.3. Environmental and energy assessments in ceramic manufacturing plants

20.4. Conclusions

21. Assessment of the energy and carbon embodied in straw and clay masonry blocks

21.1. Introduction

21.2. Current materials and building efficiency in the region

21.3. Farming walls

21.4. Straw and clay blocks

21.5. Conclusions and future trends

22. Earth-block versus sandcrete-block houses: embodied energy and CO2 assessment

22.1. Background

22.2. Embodied energy and CO₂: an overview

22.3. Embodied energy and CO₂-related studies

22.4. Assessment methodology

22.5. The description of the object of the assessment and system boundary

22.6. The methods of assessment

22.7. Data collection methods

22.8. Inventory sources

22.9. Mathematical models underpinning the process analysis approach

22.10. Calculations and the use of tools

22.11. Data aggregation

22.12. Assessments of embodied energy and CO₂: case studies' applications

22.13. Validation of results using building information modeling (BIM) software

22.14. Discussion and analysis

22.15. Conclusions

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